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Topic: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

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	WSO\| SADR
		The SADR is defined in the Constitution of 1976 as part of the Arab, African and Third World nation, with a policy of non-alignment and as a long term objective the question of the unity of the Maghreb as a step towards a wider unity, Arab and African.
		Although the SADR constitution contemplates a multi-party system after achieving independence, currently it is the Polisario Front organised as a party which articulates the SADR which is conceived as the ultimate aim of the Saharawi struggle for liberation.
		The most obvious example is that the roles of the president of the SADR and the head of the Saharawi state are exercised by the Secretary General of the Polisario Front (maximum authority of this organisation), who is at the same time the chief of the Saharawi Popular Liberation Army.
	www.wsahara.net /sadr.html (1610 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
		The creation of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was announced in Bir Lehlou in Western Sahara on February 27 1976, as the Polisario declared the need for a new entity to fill what they considered a political void left by the departing Spanish colonizers.
		The SADR's government structure consists of a Council of Ministers (a cabinet led by the Prime Minister), a judicial branch (with judges appointed by the President) and the parliamentary Sahrawi National Council (SNC, present speaker is Mahfoud Ali Beiba).
		The SADR is not a member of the Arab League, nor of the Arab Maghreb Union, both of which include Morocco as a full member.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic (1181 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The creation of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was announced in Bir Lehlou in Western Sahara on February 27 1976, as the Polisario declared the need for a new entity to fill what they considered a political void left by the departing Spanish colonizers.
		The SADR's government structure consists of a Council of Ministers (a cabinet led by the Prime Minister), a judicial branch (with judges appointed by the President) and the parliamentary Sahrawi National Council (SNC, present speaker is Mahfoud Ali Beiba).
		The SADR is not a member of the Arab League, nor of the Arab Maghreb Union, both of which include Morocco as a full member.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic (1342 words)

	AfricaSpeaks.com - Map of Africa and Resource Links
		- The name is derived from Spanish description of the area as the land of the Moors, a term used to describe Arab rulers of Southern Spain.
		Used by Arabs to describe what is today Sub-Sahran Africa, i.e.
		Also known as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic after its people, the Sahrawi Arabs.
	www.africaspeaks.com /maps (1845 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Moroccan Wall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Many of Western Sahara's native Sahrawi people live as refugees in camps in the Tindouf province of Algeria, where the Polisario is based.
		The Moroccan Wall, dubbed by the Sahrawis The Wall of Shame, is a 2,500km-long system of defensive walls, known as berms: sand walls about three meters in height with bunkers, fences and landmines, running mainly through the Morocco-occupied Western Sahara.
		The Moroccans refer to this barrier as “the berm”, and this is the term employed in a number of UN Security Council and General Assembly documents, reports, and press releases, which occasionally expand the term to “the defensive berm”.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Moroccan-Wall (1420 words)

	Democratic Multilateral Alternatives
		The Heads of State and Government cast the Council of Europe as the guardian of democratic security - founded on human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
		Democratic security is an essential complement to military security, and is a pre-requisite for the continent's stability and peace.
		In 1994 the region's 34 democratically elected presidents and prime ministers met in Miami for the First Summit of the Americas, where they established broad political, economic and social development goals.
	www.eyeontheun.org /view.asp?l=11&p=39 (1063 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Polisario Front - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The SADR and Polisario are both based in the Sahrawi refugee camps south of the Algerian border town of Tindouf, but has its symbolic temporary capital of Bir Lehlou in north-eastern Western Sahara.
		The Sahrawi republic's constitution however gives a hint of the movements ideological context: in the early 1970s Polisario adopted a vaguely socialist rhetoric, in line with most national liberation movements of the time, but this was eventually abandoned in favour of a non-politicized Sahrawi nationalism.
		This is shift in policy, as the Polisario traditionally confined political appointments to diaspora Sahrawis, for fear of infiltration and difficulties in communicating with Sahrawis in the Moroccan-controlled territories.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Polisario_Front (4159 words)

	Sahrawi
		By the time of decolonization in the 1950s-1970s, Sahrawi tribes in all these different territories had experienced roughly a generation or more of distinct experiences; often, however, their nomadic lifestyle had guaranteed that they were subjected to less interference than what afflicted sedentary populations in the same areas.
		The term Sahrawi in a political context has come to be employed in the late 20th century to refer to the inhabitants of the former Spanish Sahara, a territory colonized by Spain in the late 19th century, and controversially annexed by Morocco in 1975.
		A portion of the Sahrawi or Hassaniya Arabic speaking tribes in Morocco were refugees from the 1957 fighting in what was then Spanish Sahara, and previous rebellions in Western Sahara, all of which had been harshly suppressed - notably the early 20th century uprising under the Smara-based shaykh Ma al-Aynayn.
	articles.gourt.com /en/Sahrawi (3169 words)

	afrol News - Morocco recalls Ambassador from South Africa
		The Moroccan Foreign Ministry further claims that the recognition of the Sahrawi Republic constitutes a "new foreign policy of the South-African government." This is however denied by earlier statements made by both South African and Sahrawi representatives.
		Pressure from South African-aligned Arab states and the potential of using the recognition issue as a means to pressure Morocco had prevented South Africa from formally recognising the Sahrawi Republic until now, Mr Lamine said.
		Sahrawi representative Emhamed Khadad earlier told afrol News that his government however doubts the international legality of a decision to "nullify a recognition because a new government decides to do so." The recognition "has been done once and for all," Mr Khadad deduced.
	www.afrol.com /articles/13961 (766 words)

	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Template:Western Sahara infobox The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) (also Saharawi; Arabic: الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية, Spanish: República Árabe Saharaui Democrática (RASD)) is a largely unrecognised state that does not currently control the majority of its claimed territory, the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara.
		Template:Main The 1999 Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is basically a parliamentary constitution such as that of any European state, but with some paragraphs suspended until the achievement of "full independence".
		The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is currently recognized as a sovereign representative of Western Sahara by several dozen states, mostly African and other third world governments.
	www.recipeland.com /facts/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic (1123 words)

	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The SADR and Polisario are both based in the Sahrawi refugee camps south of the Algerian border town of Tindouf, but has its symbolic temporary capital of Bir Lehlou in north-eastern Western Sahara.
		The Sahrawi republic's constitution however gives a hint of the movements ideological context: in the early 1970s Polisario adopted a vaguely socialist rhetoric, in line with most national liberation movements of the time, but this was eventually abandoned in favour of a non-politicized Sahrawi nationalism.
		This is shift in policy, as the Polisario traditionally confined political appointments to diaspora Sahrawis, for fear of infiltration and difficulties in communicating with Sahrawis in the Moroccan-controlled territories.
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.html (5543 words)

	info: Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Qantara.de - The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic - Deserted in...
		Thirty years since the declaration of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic the people of this "non-country" are still waiting for peaceful independence and expecting war.
		Western Sahara - Sahara Occidental -Consequently, and in implementation of the principles and objectives enshrined in the AU and the UN Carters, the Republic of South Africa and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic have decided to...
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.html (326 words)

	Sahrawi Information
		By the time of decolonization in the 1950s-1970s, Sahrawi tribes in all these different territories had experienced roughly a generation or more of distinct experiences; often, however, their nomadic lifestyle had guaranteed that they were subjected to less interference than what afflicted sedentary populations in the same areas.
		The term Sahrawi in a political context has come to be employed in the late 20th century to refer to the inhabitants of the former Spanish Sahara, a territory colonized by Spain in the late 19th century, and controversially annexed by Morocco in 1975.
		A portion of the Sahrawi or Hassaniya Arabic speaking tribes in Morocco were refugees from the 1957 fighting in what was then Spanish Sahara, and previous rebellions in Western Sahara, all of which had been harshly suppressed - notably the early 20th century uprising under the Smara-based shaykh Ma al-Aynayn.
	www.bookrags.com /Sahrawi (3198 words)

	FMR 16 : published January 2003
		The Sahrawis refer to the camps as wilayas, or provinces, which in turn are subdivided inta da'iras, or municipalities.
		Sahrawis were never totally nomadic as by the 1960s a sizeable force was working in the phosphate industry.
		Louder Arab voices must be heard calling for the universal application of international law to put an end to the impunity with which occupying powers strip occupied peoples of their rights to self-determination and return.
	www.fmreview.org /text/FMR/16/07.htm (2765 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
		The Saharawi (or Sahrawi) Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is the long-form English translation of the government of Western Sahara.
		This body is recognized as a sovereign entity by over 70 states, and is a full member of the African Union, but has no representation at the United Nations.
		The SADR currently administers a minority of the territory of Western Sahara (east and south of the berm); the rest is administered by the Kingdom of Morocco.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Saharawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic (283 words)

	Western Sahara - Country Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The National Union of Sahrawi Women (NUSW) is a powerful force that has successfully brought together thousands of Sahrawi women to advocate for their involvement in political and economic processes in the search for peace.
		Keltoum Ahmed Laabid, a 24-year-old young Sahrawi woman was arrested in October 1992 in Smara for having participated in the demonstrations demanding the liberation of the Sahrawi prisoners and "disappeared".
		The 27th of February Camp, named after the day the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was proclaimed, originally contained a women's school and was therefore known as the "women's camp." Subsequently, the 27th of February has become a full-fledged camp where women participate in income generating activities and work as community leaders.
	www.womenwarpeace.org /western_s/western_sahara.htm (3323 words)

	[No title]
		Flown on UN planes and accompanied by UN civilian police officers, many Sahrawis were able to see their close relatives for the first time in 30 years.
		Only Sahrawis whose views are consonant with the Moroccan government hold seats in the Moroccan parliament.
		The overwhelming majority of Sahrawis are Sunni Muslim, and the Moroccan authorities generally respect freedom of worship.
	www.freedomhouse.org /inc/content/pubs/fiw/inc_country_detail.cfm?country=6886&pf (1220 words)

	The Militant - September 17, 2001 -- Western Sahara freedom fighters host revolutionary youth
		Mohamed Mouloud, general secretary of the Ujsario, welcomed the delegation to the Sahrawi camps--located in southwestern Algeria, in the middle of the Sahara desert near the border with Western Sahara--and gave a brief overview of the Sahrawi fight for self-determination.
		The Association of Family Members of Sahrawi Prisoners and Disappeared (AFAPREDESA) issued a statement that was widely distributed at the world youth festival and to the visiting delegation, stating their position on the UN proposal.
		The Sahrawi struggle has a decades-long record of fighting against imperialist domination and of championing the position that the natural resources of the country are the patrimony of the Sahrawi people, a position that the imperialist powers view as a threat to their domination of the region.
	www.themilitant.com /2001/6535/653550.html (1920 words)

	Western Sahara - Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic
		The SADR is recognized by 44 nations (not including 23 nations that have cancelled their earlier recognitions and 12 nations that have frozen their relations), and a full member of the African Union.
		The exiled government of the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a form of single-party parliamentary and presidential system, but according to its constitution, this will be changed into a multi-party system at the achievement of independence.
		The Sahrawis are Muslims of the Sunni sect and the Maliki law school.
	www.naturemagics.com /world-guide/western-sahara.shtm (4753 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus - Self-Determination - Regional Conflict Profile - Western Sahara
		Traditionally inhabited by nomadic Arab tribes with a long history of resistance to outside domination, the area known as Spanish Sahara was occupied by Spain during much of the twentieth century and held for more than a decade after most African countries achieved their independence.
		The Polisario proclaimed independence as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and--with Algerian-supplied weaponry--fought the occupying armies.
		Despite initial demands by the UN Security Council in 1975 for Morocco to withdraw its occupation forces unconditionally and respect the Sahrawi's right to self-determination, the UN agreed in 1991 to organize and oversee a referendum whereby voters in the territory could choose between independence or incorporation into Morocco.
	selfdetermine.irc-online.org /conflicts/sahara_body.html (729 words)

	Western Sahara
		The flag of the SADR follows the pan-Arab colours and is similar to the PLO flag [now the flag of the Palestine Authority, ed.
		The height of the triangle is equal to 1/3 the length of the flag.
		At that time the SADR would be a single party country and logically the identification between party symbol and state symbol was total.
	www.fotw.us /flags/eh.html (972 words)

	LRB \| Jeremy Harding : Behind the Sandwall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The key to the difficulty lies in the suggestion that Western Sahara and therefore the Sahrawis are ‘really’ Moroccan by virtue of a history that predates the settling of formal colonial boundaries – a hollow claim in terms of modern international jurisprudence, but one on which Rabat has always insisted.
		Thirty years later, during another uprising, the Sahrawis were supported by contingents of fighters from Morocco (by now independent) and eventually crushed by a joint French-Spanish operation; at the end of the uprising, many found themselves in southern Morocco, where they were disarmed and eventually integrated into the Moroccan army.
		Sahrawis would be asked whether they wished to accept the fait accompli of ‘integration’ with Morocco or become citizens of a new and independent state, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, as Polisario proposed.
	www.lrb.co.uk /v28/n04/print/hard01_.html (5179 words)

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