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Topic: Sailing ballast

	Sailing yacht - Patent 5163377 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A heavy streamlined ballast appendage is mounted at good depth separate from and under the mid-body of the hull by means of a narrow strut swingable to port or starboard from a bearing in the hull to adjust the lateral position of the ballast and the amount of counter-heeling force.
		Ballast 44 is carried at the lower end of a strut 46 which is mounted and supported in a bearing block 47 laid internally in the bilge and in the lowermost part of the hull.
		The sailing waterline is approximately in the middle of the lower hull in height at the midsection.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5163377.html (0 words)

	Scuttlebutt News Center: Water Ballast - Dealing With Discharge
		It is necessary for the trim and stability of a sailing yacht designed or constructed to use ballast water for the ballast to be trimmed as frequently as the direction and force of the wind changes.
		Ballast water on pleasure yachts may be continually pumped in and out and transferred from side to side as the boat tacks and the wind changes.
		Ballast Water taken up outside coastal waters during a Ballast Water exchange with an efficiency of at least 95% may be regarded as Untreated Ballast Water for this purpose.
	www.sailingscuttlebutt.com /news/04/0421waterballast (0 words)

	Sailing ballast - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ballast is used in sailboats to provide moment to resist the lateral forces on the sail.
		Since the ballast needs to be as low as possible, it is often placed into a centerboard or retracting keel, requiring a heavy duty crank to lift the massive foil.
		One disadvantage of water ballast in cargo vessels (which use ballast to maintain correct trim when not fully laden) is the dispersal of marine organisms, picked up with the water in one area and dumped with the ballast in another area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sailing_ballast (0 words)

	MAXI MARINE - All About Water Ballast Systems - New External Water Ballast System for Sailboats
		External water ballast requires no active pumping for the emergency release of water on the leeward side of the boat and is also compliant with the 10 degree (heel) static rule for offshore safety (both sides 2x10°=20°).
		sails and carbon fiber masts, or use of bulbed keels to lower the center of gravity.
		Adding water ballast or crew on the boat's rail is the least expensive and most dramatic stabilizing force, especially within the optimal heeling/performance range for the modern sailboat.
	www.maximarine.com /waterballast.html (0 words)

	Myth #6 WATER BALLAST IS INFERIOR TO OTHER BALLAST
		The notion that the least cost ballast, water, and water in movable form (caskets) was used by almost all square riggers should distress those advocating external movable (canting) bulb ballasted keels which are competing with movable water ballast designs.
		Where the canting keel sailing machine may better in normal wind behind her she suffers in light wind because the canting keel form of movable ballast can not be moved off the vessel.
		To quantify things, water ballasted designs like the Mac26x, where the ballast is located as far outboard as possible, are roughly four times more stable at 10 degrees of heel, three times more stable at 30 degrees, and twice as stable at 50 degrees than similer vessels with weighted centerline keels.
	www.amasci.com /~mighetto/p06.htm (0 words)

	Sailboat Design and Stability
		A number of measurements and formulas are used to describe the sailing characteristics and stability of sailboats.
		Ballast Displacement Ratio (Ref 1): This ratio is calculated by dividing the sailboat's ballast by the boat's displacement and converting the result to a percentage.
		However, according to Adlard Coles' "Heavy Weather Sailing" (Ref. 3) thirtieth anniversary edition, "The effects of large movements of the VCG on the propensity to capsize was surprising small".
	www.sailingusa.info /design_winds.htm (0 words)

	Myth #9 MAC26X NOT RACABLE - PHRF, IRC, ISAF and US Sailing
		Sailing schools generally choose keelboats like Solings for a lot of reasons, but not because they are as good as small boats at learning how to sail.
		ballast section, water ballasted designs like the Mac26x, where the ballast is located as far outboard as possible, are roughly four times more stable at 10 degrees of heel, three times more stable at 30 degrees, and twice as stable at 50 degrees than similer vessels with weighted centerline keels.
		The combined factors of hard chine and off centerline water ballast means that when fully ballasted and crewed by four (the recommended number for racing in normal wind) the X will carry a full Genoa in 15-18 knots of wind before reefing the main is required to keep her on her feet.
	www.eskimo.com /~mighetto/p09.htm (0 words)

	Canting/sliding ballast - Sailing Anarchy Forums
		The ballast would still be well to windward, but you wouldn't have the hydro drag of the keel and bulb (although there is the aero drag of the beam).
		The same sort of thing happens to a Pacific flying proa, but their "ballast" is the weight of the windward float (which is normally above the water) and they use the volume buoyancy of the float to prevent capsizing to windward.
		They are both on the market in the, a Schock 40 with canting ballast and a fore and aft canard for steering and the Riptide 35 with a water ballast system, dumps all the weight downwind.
	www.sailinganarchy.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=2135 (0 words)

	Water Ballast/Manufacturer - SailNet Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Moveable water ballast is the type of water ballast used by the Volvo round the world ocean racers and consists of a tank on either side of the boat and water is shifted from side to side every time the boat is tacked or jibed.
		In my book, even if water ballast reduces towing weight (which is questionable since the retractable bulb keel boats do not have to weight that much more than a dry water ballast boat), I really think its too much of a compromise in performance and safety for my taste.
		There are people who are perfectly comfortable with water ballast, but having been aboard a variety of boats from 20 to 41 feet that have been knocked down to close to 90 degrees, I see water ballast as too much of a risk for my taste.
	sailnet.com /forums/buying-boat/3503-water-ballast-manufacturer.html (0 words)

	Stock Yacht Projects Ltd - Project 3: Dark Star
		The water ballast tanks, extending between the cockpit and mast bulkheads at the point of maximum beam, fill the space under the side decks normally used for storage or pilot berths and are similarly trimmed with cedar.
		Initially the weather ballast tank was empty and as it filled you could feel the power come into the boat as it stiffened and drove into the short chop.
		Tacking the blade jib was easy, however, not being used to sailing with ballast tanks, it was easy for me to forget to allow another 45 seconds to transfer tanks prior to putting the helm over.
	www.stockyachts.co.nz /structure/project-3-dark-star.htm (0 words)

	Sailing Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The test boat was equipped with Ullman sails, which were kept aloft by an Omohundro carbon spar with three pairs of aerodynamic spreaders and discontinuous rod rigging.
		The upwind sail area totals 884 square feet, but the real story is the asymmetrical chute with 1,402 square feet of sail area, bringing the total canvas for off-the-wind operation to nearly 2,000 square feet.
		Needless to say this is a lot of horsepower, and it provides a real kick in the pants, especially on a boat that weighs a scant 7,000 pounds and balances on 7 feet of waterline beam.
	www.sailnet.com /sailing/01/btjuly01.htm (0 words)

	sandbagger.org: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		All of these are craft that take daring to be sailed hard, and rely for their speed on the basic fact known to all boatmen: to go really fast, move your weight out from the mast, not under it.
		In a relatively lightly built, widebeamed, shallow-draft boat with as large a rig as the sandbagger’s (her sail area is 1,136 sq ft), the stresses imposed on the centerboard trunk are immense.
		Otherwise, BULL’s test sails seem to have served as much for training the crew how to sail such a boat: when to move and where to move to; when to shift ballast and where to shift it to; weight-distribution configurations were tested and discarded or repeated all summer long.
	www.sandbagger.org /history.shtml (0 words)

	Glossary
		Ballast - There have been two general types of ballast in sailing history: rock and water.
		Like rock ballast, this water is accumulated in one port and expelled in another.
		Ballast water "teems with planktonic larvae" and provides good conditions for planktonic survival for the voyage (Bertness 1999).
	www.clarku.edu /departments/biology/biol201/2004/bwhitman/glossary.htm (0 words)

	PCPOW calculus question (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		After launching, the transom valve is opened and a tank in the bottom of the hull is gravity filled with 1400 lbs.
		The tank in which the water ballast is stored is a rectangular prism with dimensions length, width and height in a ratio of 11 to 2 to 1.
		This is not a problem because water is entering into the ballast tank and you often have water in the tank to provide ballast while sailing.
	www.kent.k12.wa.us /pcpow/questions/calc/0202sailboat (0 words)

	Effectiveness of Ballast Water Exchange
		Ballast water exchange has been a primary tool for control of bioinvasions caused by global transport of organisms between source and recipient ports.
		Experiments were performed aboard crude-oil tankers while these vessels were sailing in ballast between various west-coast refineries (California, Oregon, and Washington) and Valdez, AK.
		For tracers, Rhodamine dye and 1µ fluorescent microspheres were introduced via tank-top openings during the initial ballasting operation, performed in the sally port prior to sailing.
	sgnis.org /publicat/gsmith.htm (0 words)

	Canoe Ballast for Sailing - WCHA Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The canoe is a OTCA 17' and I have the 44 sqft sail.
		This actually works out pretty well as it's quite useful to be able to shift your weight in and out and fore and aft as you sail and the boat will respond to your actions.
		Some of the old canoes designed specifically as sailing craft did use weighted metal centerboards for additional ballast, but they usually had very large sailplans compared to the typical add-on sail rigs for regular canoes that are most common these days.
	forums.wcha.org /showthread.php?t=685 (0 words)

	Grand Prix Sailor 7/16/98
		These reports may not be republished or redistributed, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of Sailing World.
		Most of the stars, of course, are away sailing in the Northern Hemisphere summer and probably regret deeply that their schedules will not allow them to lend a hand.
		"The sail issue was a pretty big developmental area, and Team EF took advantage of it," said Kostecki.
	old.cruisingworld.com /gps/1998/gps2998.htm (2348 words)

	Harmonie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		She was sailing in ballast, and was carrying 9 cabin passengers and 247 steerage passengers.
		One boy was sick with chronic dysentery at arrival to the quarantine station at Grosse Île.
		She was sailing in ballast, and was carrying 258
	www.webfamilytree.com /harmonie.htm (0 words)

	Sailing Source (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		So if you want a boat that has a swinging ballast strut with fore and aft rotating blades, you are going to need a license.
		Much of the regatta was sailed in very light air and/or drifting conditions that left many boats frustrated.
		Perhaps the absence, or presence, of internal lead ballast is a factor the weight disparity being discussed.
	www.sailingsource.com /scuttlebutt/1846.php (0 words)

	Water Ballast - Sailing Anarchy Forums
		What are the advantages and disadvantages of sailing with full water tanks.
		The heeling moment is likely even from tack to tack but will a heavier boat carry throught the chop better.
		I sorta remember that some Farr 40s were sailing with full tanks in certain conditions but am not sure if this is still the case.
	www.sailinganarchy.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=34571 (0 words)

	Water Ballast
		It has been widely copied, and is now the standard throughout the trailerable sailboat industry.
		After launching, the transom valve is opened and a tank in the bottom of the hull is gravity filled with 1150 lbs of sea water.
		Under power or sail, the ballast makes the boat stable and self righting.
	www.macgregorsailboats.com /water_ballast.html (0 words)

	Ballast - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Track ballast, railway track-bed, on which sleepers and track is laid
		Ballast tanks, a device used on submarines and other submersibles to control buoyancy
		Ballast (electrical), used to stabilize the current flow in lamps
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ballast (0 words)

	Nockamixon Sail Club Inc
		Ballast: centerboard, 50 pounds (modifed with lead bulb, 105 pounds).
		Additional ballast: 500 pounds of cement/lead in PVC tubes (replaced water ballast).
		Sails: 254 sq ft, main and jib; options:#1 and #2 genoa;
	www.voicenet.com /~ctourtel (0 words)

	CBTFCo.com \| Inventors of Canting Ballast Twin Foil™ Technology
		Canting Ballast Twin Foil™ (CBTF™) technology is an elegant yet practical and effective solution that incorporates the significant advantages of movable ballast into cruising and racing sailboat designs.
		Because of the advantageous position of the ballast, a CBTF design needs only about half of the ballast required for a conventional keelboat and can be achieved at the touch of a button rather than the efforts of a large crew.
		The CBTF patents cover sailing yachts using a canting keel or ballast with fore and aft controllable foils or rudders to affect changes in side force and/or maneuvering, including sections with trim tabs and jibing daggerboards.
	www.cbtfco.com (0 words)

	RC Model Dinghy Sailing - RC Groups
		I've actually sailed the A600 and it is one of the most fun small rc sailbaots there is.I can only imagine the higher performance available with the Musto Skiff!
		Movable ballast sailing puts the stability of the boat at your fingertips in addition to sail control and rudder.
		The added dimension is exciting in rc sailing and while it takes a little practice to master is loads of fun.
	www.rcgroups.com /forums/showthread.php?p=2812301 (0 words)

	JSA of LIS - Junior Sailing Association of Long Island Sound
		A sailor's age on December 31 of each year shall be considered his/her age for any Pixel event during that year.
		For a two-person crew, the helmsperson and crew must weigh a minimum of 190 pounds fully dressed for sailing.
		No waivers will be given for this minimum weight.
	www.jsalis.org /Boat_Classes/Pixel.html (0 words)

	SCUTTLEBUTT 1924 -- September 15, 2005 - The Sailing Pro Shop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		boats have ballast or swing keels, or swing keels with water ballast in the
		US Sailing has nailed down the qualifying events that will be used to rank
		Such are the vagaries of sailing that it's the boat, the crew and
	www.sailingproshop.com /ubb/Forum28/HTML/001389.html (0 words)

	pre-owned Yachts for Sale in Greece: Traditional Yachts
		Originally, they were built to carry sails - mostly gaff or Lateen rigs.
		They had to carry stone ballast when sailing without load.
		Nowadays most of them have strong engines and the sails are smaller now, so not so much ballast is needed and there is more room for cargo.
	www.yachts-in-greece.com /traditionalgreek.html (0 words)

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