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	Saint Mungo: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Saint Mungo is said to have arrived in Glasgow in about 540 (additional info and facts about 540) CE (A ductile gray metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group).
		Saint Mungo is said to have died in the early 7th century CE.
		Saint Mungo is said to have performed four religious miracles in Glasgow, which are represented in the city's coat of arms.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sa/saint_mungo.htm (395 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Kentigern
		The Bird commemorates the pet robin owned by Saint Serf, which was accidentally killed by monks who blamed it on Saint Kentigern.
		The Fish was one caught by Saint Kentigern in the Clyde River.
		The Tree is symbol of an incident in Saint Kentigern's childhood.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintk04.htm (347 words)

	Saint Mungo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saint Mungo, also known as Saint Kentigern, is by tradition an apostle to Strathclyde and patron saint and legendary founder of the city of Glasgow.
		Saint Mungo's legend puts his death in the early 7th century.
		Saint Kentigern School is an exclusive boys-only private junior school, while Saint Kentigern College is a prestigious co-ed college.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saint_Mungo (569 words)

	Saint Mungo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Saint Mungo also known as Saint Kentigern traditional apostle to Strathclyde and patron saint and alleged founder of the city Glasgow.
		Saint Mungo is said to have arrived Glasgow in about 540 CE.
		Saint Mungo is said to have performed religious miracles in Glasgow which are represented the city's coat of arms.
	www.freeglossary.com /Saint_Kentigern (360 words)

	Saints of January 14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Saint Euphrasius may be identical with Saint Eucrathius, a correspondent of Saint Cyprian; or else, a bishop martyred in Africa by the Arian Vandals (Benedictines).
		Saint Thenaw (Thaney, Thenog, Theneva), a British princess, and the grandson of, perhaps, Prince Urien.
		In art Saint Kentigern is represented as an enthroned bishop with a monk at his feet presenting a salmon with a ring in its mouth; a queen with a ring and a king with a sword are near him.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0114.htm (2757 words)

	Catholic Culture : Liturgical Year : January 13, 2005 : Hilary; Kentigern (Scotland)
		When it was discovered that she was pregnant of an unknown man, she was hurled from a cliff and, when discovered alive at the foot of the cliff, was set adrift in a boat on the Firth of Forth.
		She reached Culross, was given shelter by St. Serf, and gave birth to a child to whom Serf gave the name Mungo.
		Raised by the saint, he became a hermit at Glasgow and was so renowned for his holiness that he was consecrated bishop of Strathclyde about 540.
	www.catholicculture.org /lit/calendar/day.cfm?date=2005-01-13 (983 words)

	St. Kentigern
		According to Jocelyn's life of Kentigern, the saint was born at Culross in Fife, and brought up until manhood by St. Serf (or Servanus) at his monastery there; but Skene shows that this connection between the two saints involves an anachronism, as St. Serf really belongs to the following century.
		At the age of twenty-five we find Kentigern (the name means "head chief", but he was popularly known as Mungo — in Cymric, Mwyn-gu, or "dear one"), beginning his missionary labours at Cathures, on the Clyde, the site of modern Glasgow.
		The two saints embraced, held long converse, and exchanged their pastoral staves.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/k/kentigern,saint.html (480 words)

	Saint Kentigern, Saints in the Christian Church
		Saint Kentigern (also called St Mungo) was an illegitimate child born at Culross on the coast of Fyfe, Scotland.
		He was fostered by an old Christian missionary called Saint Serf who gave him the name Mungo which means 'dearest friend'.
		Saint Kentigern died on 13th January 603 and he is remembered on this day each year by a service in Glasgow Cathredral, where his tomb was once a place of pilgrimage.
	www.request.org.uk /main/dowhat/saints/kentigern.htm (244 words)

	DYSART - LoveToKnow Article on DYSART (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Scarcely anything is left of the old chapel dedicated to St Dennis, which for a time was used as a smithy; and of the chapel of St Serf, the patron saint of the burgh, only the tower remains.
		Its name is said to be a corruption of the Latin desertum, a desert, which was applied to a cave on the seashore occupied by St Serf.
		In the cave the saint held his famous colloquy with the devil, in which Satan was worsted and contemptuously dismissed.
	89.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DY/DYSART.htm (540 words)

	Origin & History of Glasgow Street Names
		The roof of the portico of Saint Andrew's Church, which stands in the centre, contains the first example in Scotland of what is known in architecture as the flat arch, and it was looked upon as a marvel at the time.
		SAINT ENOCH SQUARE was opened in 1782, the first church and the present steeple having been erected two years prior.
		The name comes from Saint Thanew, whose cell was on the site of the Tron Church in Trongate Street; and, despite statements to the contrary, there is no proof of any building for religious purposes having occupied the square previous to that of 1780.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /gordon.adams1/GlasgowHistory/StreetNames.htm (14095 words)

	Scottish Saints, Tour Scotland.
		Saint Mirren (Mirin) An Irish abbot who came to Scotland and founded the first church of Paisley.
		Irish saint who came to Scotland and lived in a cave on the Holy island, off the coast of Arran.
		Greek saint of the fourth century, nowadays identified with Santa Claus.
	www.visitdunkeld.com /scottish-saints.htm (834 words)

	Inchcolm - Other Places
		Its founder is said to have been St. Servanus (St. Serf), who is known in the hagiographies as the founder of Culross Abbey, and the mentor and teacher of St. Kentigern.
		On 21st August 1243, Bishop Benham consecrated a further church on the island dedicated to Saints Stephen and Moac, and by 1580, the foundation was in the specific possession of St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews.
		The kirk was re-consecrated to the Gaelic saint in 1244.
	www.cyberscotia.com /inchcolm/other-places.html (1117 words)

	The Life of Saint Kentigern
		Since saints’ lives are meant to be models for holy living, parallels between the saint and Christ and between the saint and the apostles and prophets are recorded by the hagiographer.
		Saints occupied a place in heaven, but their followers also perceived them as present in the shrine of the cult where their relics were displayed.
		The translation of some saints was attributed to supernatural intervention on the part of the saint, as when a saint had miraculously made manifest his or her intention of being transferred to a new location, often because of insufficient veneration in the place of original interment.
	www.gypsyfire.com /Thesis.htm (19291 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Ternan
		Some say that he was consecrated by St. Palladius in 440, others that he was a monk of Culross in Fife, one of the monasteries founded by St. Serf, or Servan, the tutor of St. Kentigern.
		Kentigern died in 603, and St. Serf of Culross died in 583 (feast 1 July).
		In the "Aberdeen Martyrology" there is mention of "the Gospel of Matthew belonging to St. Ternan", which was enshrined in a metal case or cumdach (book shrine), covered with silver and gold, after the Irish fashion." St. Ternan is commemorated on 12 June.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14518b.htm (203 words)

	Saint Mungo's Church - Who is Saint Mungo?
		His early teacher, Serf, may have been responsible for giving Kentigern his popular monniker of Mungo, which means 'dear one'.
		Tradition suggests that Serf at Culross educated Mungo; Irish religious thought and practice grounded his religious training.
		An early story about Mungo is that he restored life to Serf's pet robin, who had been maliciously killed by some young hooligans.
	www.saintmungo.org /stmungo.html (531 words)

	Abbeys and priories in Scotland - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Abbey Church of Saint Mary, Saint Andrew and Saint Serf, Culross
		The Priory Church of Saint Mary, Saint Bridget and Saint Abrinca
		The Priory Church of Saint Mary, Saint Ebba and Saint Cuthbert, Coldingham
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /a/ab/abbeys_and_priories_in_scotland.html (560 words)

	St. Mungo
		A saint called Serf who lived at Culross, took the mother and child under his protection.
		For all the romantic fantasy that clouds his true life-story, it is certain that St. Mungo was a strict ascetic, a devoted bishop, and a man well loved of God.
		That is why he is still honored in Glasgow, in the Welsh diocese of Menevia, and in the English dioceses of Salford and Lancaster, and is co-patron saint of the Archdiocese of Liverpool.
	www.stthomasirondequoit.com /SaintsAlive/id248.htm (684 words)

	Shevchenko, Taras
		serf, Shevchenko was orphaned when he was twelve and grew up in poverty and misery.
		Saint Petersburg, but two months later, in accordance with his wishes, his remains were transported to
		Shevchenko frequently turned in his paintings and drawings to literary, historical, and mythological motifs (eg, Diogenes [1856], Narcissus and Echo [1856], Saint Sebastian [1856], Robinson Crusoe [1856], Mermaids [1859]).
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/S/H/ShevchenkoTaras.htm (6371 words)

	WesternOrthodox.com - St. Kentigern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		ENTIGERN (whom the Scots on account of the sweetness of his ways called Mungo, that is, Dearly-Beloved) is said to have been the grandson of King Loth, (from whom is named that part of Scotland known as the Lothians,) in which case he was of the royal stock of the Picts in North Britain.
		In boyhood he was given over to the Monastery of Culross, under the tutelage of its Bishop and Abbot Saint Serf ; from whose teaching he made headway in the study of letters, and also in the things of God.
		Hence he later withdrew into a solitary place at Glasgow in Scotland, where he led a hard life, in constant meditation upon the things of heaven, until the faithful of those parts, moved by the fame of his holiness, duly chose him for their bishop.
	www.westernorthodox.com /kalendar/0213.htm (484 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Historical topics: S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Serfs were bound in service to a lord, working the lord's land without pay for a number of days every week and paying a percentage of their annual produce to the lord.
		Serfs also had to perform extra labour in busy seasons – such as the harvest – and in return they were allowed to cultivate a portion of the estate for their own benefit; they also served as soldiers in the event of emergency.
		Although serfs could not be sold like slaves, they were the property of the lord and were not free to leave the estate without the lord's permission, and they were included if the ownership of the land was transferred.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/h992_s.html (7756 words)

	St Mungo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Unfortunately, the surviving written material relating to him dates only from the 12th century, and it is difficult to determine what is fact and what is fiction.
		There are two Lives, one by a monk called Jocelin of Furness, and an another, possibly earlier, which is anonymous and incomplete; they were written at a time when Saints were expected to perform at least three miracles before breakfast to be entitled to be thus described.
		There, on the beach, she gave birth to Mungo, or Kentigern as his proper name is. (Mungo is the nickname given by St Serf, but there is debate as to what it means.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/plaza/aaj50/mungo.htm (1997 words)

	ADJURATION OF THE HOLY ANGELS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		SAINT MICHAEL, THE ARCHANGEL, Prince of the heavenly hosts, conqueror of the infernal dragon, you received from GOD the strength and power to destroy through humility the pride of the powers of darkness.
		SAINT GABRIEL, THE ARCHANGEL, Angel of the Incarnation, faithful messenger of GOD, open our ears for even the gentle warnings and appeals of the loving Heart of Our Lord.
		SAINT RAPHAEL, THE ARCHANGEL, arrow and medicine of Divine Love, wound our hearts, we implore you, with the burning love of GOD and let this wound never heal, so that even in daily life we might always remain upon the path of love and overcome all things through love!
	www.talkaboutreligion.com /group/alt.religion.angels/messages/86581.html (1814 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Life of St. Julian the Hospitaller
		I want to tell the tale of a saint's life who without pride and without greed, without cunning and without cowardice served the King of Majesty with a heart so pure and humble that he was crowned in glory.
		Saint Julien was a most noble man, as we read in his life.
		He was not the child of a serf, nor of a poor castellan but the son of Geoffry, the good Duke of Angers who rules over that province which included Angers and Torraine, Maine and Poitou.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/julian.html (23070 words)

	Dunning Parish Historical Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Saint Serf is said to have killed a dragon here, and there is a thorn tree planted in Jacobite times as well as a monument to Maggie Wall, burnt as a witch in 1657.
		Dunning is still very much a living, working village, its residents a mix of all ages and interests.
		Hundreds of summer visitors are drawn to the village by road signs advertising St Serfs church.
	www.dunning.uk.net (356 words)

	Saints of Scotland
		This page will include not only those Saints who were from Scotland and those who traveled there, but also those Saints who have been venerated in Scotland and who share their names with many of Scotland's churches and landmarks.
		Churches with the titles of modern saints are in a minority, for Patrick takes the lead with 12; Ninian, Scotland's first apostle, has 6; Columba 5; Mungo 4; David 3; and Margaret 2.
		From Saints of Scotland by Edwin Sprott Towill.
	albanach.org /scotsaints.html (1223 words)

	Families Online - Edinburgh News January 2005
		Staff and parents at Saint Serf's Nursery are delighted to announce their successful move to new premises.
		Lara ODonnell, her team and of course all the children are now happily settled into the larger space available to them at Wardie Residence Club at 125 Granton Road.
		Saint Serf's Nursery caters for pre-school children aged 3-5 years.
	www.familiesonline.co.uk /article/static/1026 (1515 words)

	This Month in Scottish History - January
		Four years later, with the support of William Rufus and supposedly inspired by visions of Saint Cuthbert, Edgar deposed and imprisoned his uncle, as well as his brother Edmund, and became king at age 23.
		A virtual vassal of William II and Henry I of England, one of his sisters was married to the latter though he himself died unmarried and the kingdom passed peacefully to his next brother, Alexander I. The king with the Saxon name was buried at Dunfermline with his parents.
		It is thought he was a son of Thenew or Enoch, a daughter of the King of Lothian, and born at Culross, in Fife, where he was taught in a monastery by Saint Serf.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/shepherd/january.htm (2676 words)

	TheGlasgowStory: Glasgow Coat of Arms
		It incorporates a number of symbols and emblems associated with the life of Glasgow's patron saint, Kentigern (often known by his nickname, Mungo) which had been used on official seals prior to that date.
		Perched on top of it is a robin which was a favourite of young Kentigern's tutor Saint Serf and which Kentigern brought back to life after jealous fellow pupils had killed it.
		The fish is a salmon, caught in the River Clyde by one of Kentigern's monks.
	www.theglasgowstory.com /image.php?inum=TGSA05045&urltp=index.php (290 words)

	artists illustrating boys fashions: nationalities -- Russia
		Figure 1.--This painting by M.V. Nestorov is the "Youth of Saint Sergey Radonezhsky".
		Perov is best known for his sympathetic genre scenes and portraits, including serfs and peasants.
		He appears to have painted genre scences, incliding one 1839 portrait of a serf sheaperd boy in southern Russia.
	histclo.com /art/nat/anat-rus.html (831 words)

	History 1023 - Saunders - Study Guide Chapter 15
		The main difference between a serf and a slave in medieval Europe was
		A. a slave had very little personal freedom, while a serf could make all personal decisions for himself, including such things as marriage and choice of work.
		B. a slave could be bought and sold, while a serf could not.
	www.clt.astate.edu /lsaunders/1013Chpt12.htm (732 words)

	Princes Gagarin Family Tree
		Saint Olga, 890 + 969, Princess of Kiev (945-969)
		Saint Vladimir I "The Great", Grand Prince of Kiev (980-1015), 956 +15.VII.1015; m.
		of Prince Nicolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn and Ekaterina Alexandrovna Golovina; in 1786 she had 180 serfs at Ivashko, district of Zvenigorod.
	www.gagarin.com /tree.html (608 words)

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