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	Sakharov, Andrei
		Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union.
		Sakharov continued to work at Sarov, playing a key role in the development of the first megaton-range Soviet hydrogen bomb, using a design known as "Sakharov's Third Idea" in Russia and the Teller-Ulam design in the United States.
		Sakharov died of a heart attack in 1989 at the age of 68, and was interred in the Vostryakovskoye Cemetery in Moscow.
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /preview/Andrei_Sakharov (1611 words)

	Quantum gravity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Quantum gravity is the field of theoretical physics attempting to unify the theory of quantum mechanics, which describes three of the fundamental forces of nature, with general relativity, the theory of the fourth fundamental force: gravity.
		Gravity particles would attract each other and adding together all of the interactions results in many infinite values which cannot easily be cancelled out mathematically to yield sensible, finite results.
		Loop quantum gravity is the fruit of an effort to formulate a background-independent quantum theory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quantum_gravity (1571 words)

	Gravity - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Gravity is small unless at least one of the two bodies is large or one body is very dense and the other is close by, but the small gravitational interaction exerted by bodies of ordinary size can fairly easily be detected through experiments such as the Cavendish torsion bar experiment.
		Combining gravity with these forces of quantum mechanics to create a theory of quantum gravity is currently an important topic of research amongst physicists.
		Speed of gravity: Einstein's theory of relativity predicts that the speed of gravity (defined as the speed at which changes in location of a mass are propagated to other masses) should be consistent with the speed of light.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/g/r/a/Gravity.html (4566 words)

	Quantum gravity Summary
		Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces of nature.
		Quantum gravity is the field of theoretical physics attempting to unify the theory of quantum mechanics, which describes three of the fundamental forces of nature, with general relativity, the theory of the fourth fundamental force: gravity.
		Gravity particles would attract each other and adding together all of the interactions results in many infinite values which cannot easily be cancelled out mathematically to yield sensible, finite results.
	www.bookrags.com /Quantum_gravity (2330 words)

	ImmInst.org -> Gravity, Casimir, and Quantum Electrodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As a result, attempts to unify gravity with the other forces (electromagnetic, strong and weak nuclear forces) or to develop a quantum theory of gravity have foundered again and again on difficulties that can be traced back to a lack of understanding at a fundamental level.
		Specifically, Sakharov suggested that gravity might be an induced effect brought about by changes in the zero-point energy of the vacuum, due to the presence of matter.
		Although Sakharov did not develop the concept much further, he did outline certain criteria such a theory would have to meet such as predicting the value of the gravitational constant G in terms of zero-point-energy parameters.
	www.imminst.org /forum/index.php?act=ST&f=9&t=11929&s= (3058 words)

	Andrei Sakharov - ExampleProblems.com
		Sakharov, in association with Igor Tamm, proposed confining extremely hot ionized plasma by torus shaped magnetic fields for controlling thermonuclear fusion.
		The Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, established in 1985 and awarded annually by the European Parliament for people and organizations dedicated to human rights and freedoms, was named in his honor.
		Sakharov and the "Sakharov Drive" were featured in Arthur C. Clarke's novel 2010: Odyssey Two.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php?title=Andrei_Sakharov&printable=yes (1221 words)

	Andrei Sakharov - Japan
		Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union.
		Sakharov continued to work at Sarov, playing a key role in the development of the first megaton-range Soviet hydrogen bomb using a design known as "Sakharov's Third Idea" in Russia and the Teller-Ulam design in the United States.
		Sakharov, in association with Igor Tamm, proposed confining extremely hot ionized plasma by torus shaped magnetic fields for controlling thermonuclear fusion that led to the development of the tokamak device.
	andrei-sakharov.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Andrei_Sakharov (1994 words)

	Andrei Sakharov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union.
		Sakharov, in association with Igor Tamm, proposed confining extremely hot ionized plasma by torus shaped magnetic fields for controlling thermonuclear fusion that led to the development of the tokamak device.
		Sakharov died of a heart attack in 1989 at the age of 68, and was interred in the Vostryakovskoye Cemetery in Moscow.
	alprazolam.tfres.net /wiki/Andrei_Sakharov (1492 words)

	Quantum gravity - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Finally, string theory started out as a generalization of quantum field theory where instead of point particles, string-like objects propagate in a fixed spacetime background.
		Although string theory had its origins in the study of quark confinement and not of quantum gravity, it was soon discovered that the string spectrum contains the graviton, and that "condensation" of certain vibration modes of strings is equivalent to a modification of the original background.
		Quantum gravity, Overview, Historical perspective, The incompatibility of quantum mechanics and general relativity, Theories, Weinberg-Witten theorem, Quantum gravity theorists, See also, In Popular Culture, External links and Quantum gravity.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Quantum_gravity (1258 words)

	Gravity - Information at Halfvalue.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Gravitation is the attractive influence that all objects exert on each other, while "gravity" specifically refers to a force which all massive objects are theorized to exert on each other to cause gravitation.
		Induced gravity (1967), a proposal by Andrei Sakharov according to which general relativity might arise from quantum field theories of matter.
		Tensor-vector-scalar gravity (TeVeS) (2004), a relativistic modification of MOND by Jacob Bekenstein
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Gravity (2079 words)

	Zero Point Energy (ZPE)
		As a result, attempts to unify gravity with the other forces (electromagnetic, strong and weak nuclear forces) or to develop a quantum theory of gravity have foundered again and again on difficulties that can be traced back to a lack of understanding at a fundamental level.
		Specifically, Sakharov suggested that gravity might be an induced effect brought about by changes in the zero-point energy of the vacuum, due to the presence of matter.
		Although Sakharov did not develop the concept much further, he did outline certain criteria such a theory would have to meet such as predicting the value of the gravitational constant G in terms of zero-point-energy parameters.
	www.ldolphin.org /zpe.html (2233 words)

	Puthoff NASA paper
		Searching to derive Einstein's phenomenological equations for general relativity from a more fundamental set of assumptions, Sakharov came to the conclusion that the entire panoply of general relativistic phenomena could be seen as induced effects brought about by changes in the quantum-fluctuation energy of the vacuum due to the presence of matter.
		This, combined with newly-emerging concepts of the relationship of gravity, inertia and warp drive to properties of the vacuum as a manipulable medium, indicate yet further reaches of possible technological development, although requiring yet unforeseen breakthroughs with regard to the possibility of engineering vacuum fluctuations to produce desired results.
		Sakharov, A. (1968) "Vacuum quantum fluctuations in curved space and the theory of gravitation", Sov.
	www.keelynet.com /gravity/putnasa.htm (3478 words)

	Gravitation
		In common usage "gravity" and "gravitation" are either used interchangeably, or the distinction is sometimes made that "gravity" is specifically the attractive force of the earth, while "gravitation" is the general property of mutual attraction between bodies of matter.
		Gravity was rather poorly understood until Isaac Newton formulated his law of gravitation in the 17th century.
		Induced gravity (1967), a proposal by Andrei Sakharov according to which general relativity might arise from quantum field theories of matter.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Gravitation (2131 words)

	Can the Vacuum be Engineered for Spaceflight Applications? Overview of Theory and Experiments
		Searching to derive Einstein's phenomenological equations for general relativity from a more fundamental set of assumptions, Sakharov came to the conclusion that the entire panoply of general relativistic phenomena could be seen as induced effects brought about by changes in the quantum-fluctuation energy of the vacuum due to the presence of matter.
		This, combined with newly-emerging concepts of the relationship of gravity, inertia and warp drive to properties of the vacuum as a manipulable medium, indicate yet further reaches of possible technological development, although requiring yet unforeseen breakthroughs with regard to the possibility of engineering vacuum fluctuations to produce desired results.
		Sakharov, A. (1968) "Vacuum quantum fluctuations in curved space and the theory of gravitation", Sov.
	www.padrak.com /ine/ZPEFLIGHT.html (3366 words)

	Quantum gravity: progress from an unexpected direction
		Quantum gravity, the as yet unconsummated marriage between quantum physics and Einstein's general relativity, is widely (though perhaps not universally) regarded as the single most pressing problem facing theoretical physics at the turn of the millennium.
		In contrast, the general relativity community views the geometrical nature of Einstein's gravity as sacrosanct, and would by and large be quite willing to do a little drastic surgery to the foundations of quantum physics if they felt it unavoidable [2].
		On the other hand, ``Lorentzian lattice quantum gravity'' has irritated both brane theorists and general relativists (and more than a few lattice physicists as well): It does not have, and does not seem to require, the complicated superstructure of supersymmetry and all the other technical machinery of brane theory/ string theory.
	www.phys.lsu.edu /mog/mog19/node12.html (796 words)

	Dr. Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
		Sakharov continued to work at Sarov, playing a key role in the development of the first megaton-range Soviet hydrogen bomb using a design known as andquot;Sakharov's Third Ideaandquot; in Russia and the Teller-Ulam design in the United States.
		The Sakharov Prize, established in 1988 and awarded annually by the European Parliament for people and organizations dedicated to human rights and freedoms, was named in his honor.
		Sakharov and the "Sakharov Drive" were mentioned in Arthur C. Clarke's novel 2010: Odyssey Two.
	www.flickr.com /photos/65193799@N00/515399703 (2745 words)

	Re: Quantum Gravity Theories
		Loop quantum gravity and other so called canonical theories of quantum gravity are more like general relativity in that they look at gravity as being a consequence of the geometry of space time.
		Sakharov induced gravity- This theory says that we should not quantize the gravitaional field.
		That gravity is a sort of van der wall force.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2005-04/msg0068398.html (529 words)

	Gravity - ExampleProblems.com
		The effect of the bending of spacetime is often misunderstood as most people seem to prefer to think of a falling object as accelerating when the facts do not support that assumption.
		There is no difference between weight you feel because of gravity or the rocket.
		There is a 43 arcsecond per century discrepancy between the Newtonian prediction (resulting from the gravitational tugs of the other planets) and the observed precessionTemplate:Fn.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php/Gravity (4546 words)

	Induced gravity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with emergent gravity.
		Sakharov proposed the idea of induced gravity as an alternative theory of quantum gravity.
		Basically, his idea is there is no need to quantize the gravitational field.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sakharov_induced_gravity (181 words)

	Gravity
		Gravity, hence, may be a characteristic of the interaction (or lack thereof) of long-wavelength quanta with matter.
		That gravity is due to surface area, and not mass, is a powerful and undeniable prediction of the particle approach to this gravitational model.
		Gravity is, therefore, an effect of the dampening of the electromagnetic field by a piece of matter.
	www.johnkharms.com /gravitation.htm (12400 words)

	Gravity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It has been suggested that Law of universal gravitation be into this article or section.
		Steven Weinberg noted that we would still build a suspension bridge to modern gravity theory with Newton's laws.
		Here, the acceleration of gravity is a constant, g, because in the vector equation above, r
	abcworld.net /Gravity (4420 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The entropy $S_R$ of the Rindler modes, or entanglement entropy, is always ultraviolet divergent, while the entropy of the "physical" modes is finite and it coincides in the induced gravity with $S^{BH}$.
		It enables us to argue that the energy distribution of the "physical" modes and distribution of the fl hole mass are equivalent in the induced gravity.
		Finally it is shown that the Noether charge Q is related to the entropy of the low frequency modes propagating in the vicinity of the bifurcation surface $\Sigma$ of the horizon.
	www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de /cgi-bin/abstracts/hep-th:9703178 (280 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Sakharov's 1967 notion of ''induced gravity'' is currently enjoying a significant resurgence.
		The basic idea, originally presented in a very brief 3-page paper with a total of 4 formulas, is that gravity is not ''fundamental'' in the sense of particle physics.
		Instead it was argued that gravity (general relativity) emerges from quantum field theory in roughly the same sense that hydrodynamics or continuum elasticity theory emerges from molecular physics.
	www.frontpagemag.com /GoPostal/commentdetail.asp?ID=9789&commentID=190835 (1585 words)

	Universal Theory - Dark energy AND matter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Gravity has to counteract the centrifugal force of stars in outer orbits in order to keep them stable in their place.
		The theory of General relativity predicts the gravitational radiation as an elusive form of radiation, which is responsible for gravity and space-time curvature.
		Taking a completely different track when addressing these difficulties in the sixties, the well-known Russian physicist Andrei Sakharov put forward the somewhat radical hypothesis that gravitation might not be a fundamental interaction at all, but rather a secondary or residual effect associated with other (non- gravitational) fields.
	www.universaltheory.org /dark_matter.htm (1386 words)

	[No title]
		Expressions are derived for the induced gravitational constant and for the induced cosmological constant in quantized matter theories on a background manifold, and a strategy is outlined for computing the induced constants in the case of an SU(n) gauge theory.
		The latter applies not only in the globally flat space-time geometry with zero gravity that is the domain of validity of Einstein’s 1905 theory of special relativity, it also applies equally to the variably curved space-time of gravity in Einstein’s 1915 theory of general relativity.
		Since the effect of gravity is fundamentally indistinguishable from the effect of a non-linear coordinate transformation (since all that matters is the metric and its first derivatives), the free-floating object is always in a "local inertial frame" that is literally free of gravitational field -- at least within some infinitesimal neighborhood of a world point.
	www.stealthskater.com /Documents/Sarfatti_6.doc (17160 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The first hint that these phenomena might themselves be traceable to roots in the underlying fluctuations of the vacuum came in a study published by the well-known Russian physicist Andrei Sakharov (1968).
		In this view the attractive gravitational force is more akin to the induced Casimir force discussed above, than to the fundamental inverse square law Coulomb force between charged particles with which it is often compared.
		Although speculative when first introduced by Sakharov, this hypothesis has led to a rich and ongoing literature, including contributions of my own (Puthoff, 1989, 1993) on quantum-fluctuation-induced gravity, a literature that continues to yield deep insight into the role played by vacuum forces.
	www.fixall.org /Puthoff.htm (3260 words)

	Quantum Gravity Theories
		Furthermore string theories only seem to work in a\nuniverse that is "super symmetric" and no experimental proof exist to back\nup any of it\'s claims.\n\nLoop quantum gravity and other so called canonical theories of quantum\ngravity are more like general relativity in that they look at gravity as\nbeing a consequence of the geometry of space time.
		That gravity is a\nsort of van der wall force.\n\nBy way of qualifying myself to answer this question..\n\nMyself and Alexander Klimets have been working in parallel on quantum\ngravity and have reached many of the same conclusions by following\ndifferent mathematical paths.
		Sakharov induced gravity- This theory says that we should not quantize the
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?p=540973 (993 words)

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