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Topic: Saladin tithe

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1190

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	Saladin - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In retaliation, Saladin besieged Kerak, Raynald's fortress in Oultrejordain, in 1183 and 1184.
		Saladin initially was unwilling to grant terms of quarter to the occupants of Jerusalem until Balian of Ibelin threatened to kill every Muslim in the city, estimated between 3,000 to 5,000, and to destroy Islam’s holy shrines of the Dome of the Rock and the Aqsa Mosque if quarter was not given.
		Saladin is buried in a mausoleum in the garden outside the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Saladin (2449 words)

	Saladin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saladin was born into a Kurdish family in Tikrit near the river Tigris and was sent to Damascus to finish his education.
		In July of 1187, Saladin invaded the Kingdom of Jerusalem and annihilated the Crusader army at the Battle of Hattin, a major disaster for the Crusaders and a turning point in the history of the Crusades.
		Saladin's relationship with Richard was one of chivalrous mutual respect as well as military rivalry; both were celebrated in the courtly romances that developed in northern Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saladin (1618 words)

	Tithes
		At the triennial tithe, a third decimation was made and a tenth part was consumed at home by the householder with his family, the Levities, strangers, and the poor.
		Tithes are of three kinds: predial, or that derived from the annual crops; mixed, or what arises from things nourished by the land, as cattle, milk, cheese, wool; and personal or the result of industry or occupation.
		The right to receive tithes was granted to princes and nobles, even hereditarily, by ecclesiastics in return for protection or eminent services, and this species of impropriation became so intolerable that the Third Council of Lateran (1179) decreed that no alienation of tithes to laymen was permissible without the consent of the pope.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/t/tithes.html (1021 words)

	Saladin tithe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Saladin tithe, or the Aid of 1188, was a tax, or more specifically a tallage, levied in England and to some extent in France in 1188, in response to the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin in 1187.
		In July of 1187, the Kingdom of Jerusalem was defeated by Saladin at the Battle of Hattin, and in October Saladin captured Jerusalem itself.
		In January of 1188, Henry II of England and Philip II of France discussed the crusade at Le Mans, with the archbishop of Tyre in attendance, and on February 11, Henry began to organize the preaching of the crusade in England at Geddington.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saladin_tithe (712 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Tithes
		tithe was carried by the head of the household to the sanctuary to serve as a sacred feast for his family and the Levites.
		tithes was adopted from the Old Law, and early writers speak of it as a divine ordinance and an obligation of conscience.
		tithes by civil law is to be found in the capitularies of Charlemagne, at the end of the eighth century.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14741b.htm (1177 words)

	Tithe - Information at Halfvalue.com
		However, biblically, tithes are received by priests and high priests according to Hebrews 7:5, the sons of Levi were commanded by God to receive tithes, the sons of Levi were appointed to be priests (Deuteronomy 18:1).
		Tithes were local religious tax-like payments paid in Ireland by members of other faiths as well as its own adherents to maintain and fund the established state church, the Anglican Church of Ireland, to which only a small minority of the population belonged.
		The tithe crossed the Atlantic with the Spanish Empire; however, the Indians who made up the vast majority of the population in colonial Spanish America were exempted from paying tithes on native crops such as corn and potatoes that they raised for their own subsistence.
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Tithe (3644 words)

	Third Crusade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was this final act of outrage by Raynald that prompted Saladin to attack the city of Tiberias in 1187.
		Saladin honored tradition with King Guy; Guy was sent to Damascus and eventually ransomed to his people, one of the only captive crusaders to avoid execution at the hands of Saladin.
		Saladin attempted to lure Richard's forces out to be easily picked off, but Richard maintained his formation until the Hospitallers rushed in to take Saladin's right flank, while the Templars took the left.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Third_Crusade (1832 words)

	Ayyubid Egyptian
		Saladin eventually succeeded the defeated Fatimid faction and his uncle as vizier in 1169.
		In the battle alone the Crusader army was largely annihilated by the army of Saladin in what was a major disaster for the Crusaders and a turning point in the history of the Crusades.
		In October, 1187, Saladin captured the city of Jerusalem, which was led in defense by Balian of Ibelin.
	dba.spearhead1944.com /Ayyubids/ayyubid.htm (620 words)

	Third Crusade Information - TextSheet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Control of both Egypt and Syria allowed Saladin to surround the Crusader kingdom; on July 4, 1189, Saladin won the Battle of Hattin, and on October 2 Jerusalem surrendered.
		Saladin's army attempted to break the siege, but were turned away, and the city was taken on July 12.
		Saladin then attempted to retake Jaffa in July, but was defeated by Richard's now much smaller force on July 31.
	boj.sferahost.com /encyclopedia/t/th/third_crusade.html (669 words)

	[No title]
		The statue of Saladin at the entrance of the citadel in Damascus.
		Saladin initially was unwilling to grant terms of quarter to the European occupants of Jerusalem until Balian of Ibelin threatened to kill every Muslim in the city, estimated between 3,000 to 5,000, and to destroy Islam’s holy shrines of the Dome of the Rock and the Aqsa Mosque if quarter was not given.
		Saladin's liberation of Palestine from the European Crusaders was taken as the inspiration for the modern-day Arabs' struggle against Zionism.
	www.clarkandpartners.co.uk /wiki.php?title=Salahideen (3417 words)

	Encyclopedia: Saladin
		Events Saladin dies, and the lands of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria are split among his descendants.
		The Battle of Montgisard was fought between Saladin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem on November 25, 1177.
		Saladin This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Saladin (4418 words)

	Saladin Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Saladin managed to revitalize the economy of Egypt, he reorganized the military forces and with the advice of his father, he stayed away from any conflicts with Nur ad-Din, his formal lord, after he had become the real ruler over Egypt.
		While Saladin was consolidating his power in Syria, he generally left the Crusader kingdom — the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem — alone, although he was usually victorious whenever he did meet the Crusaders in battle.
		Saladin's relationship with Richard was one of chivalrous mutual respect as well as military rivalry; both were celebrated in the courtly romance s that developed in northern Europe.
	www.echostatic.com /index.php?title=Saladin (1586 words)

	Barony Of Vatavia, Protector of the Faith
		Saladin’s spiritual father, however, was Nur ed-Din, in whose court Saladin learned his passion for the holy war against the Franks.
		Saladin’s magnanimity was partially a desire to show that his faith was superior to the Christians.
		Saladin declined to kill his prisoners in reprisal, but let it be known that he would take no further prisoners.
	www.baronyofvatavia.org /articles/hisfig/saladin021983as17.php (1983 words)

	Tithe Summary
		The tithe became the means of livelihood for the Levites during the middle and later periods of the monarchy.
		In the early church, tithing became a means of securing a livelihood for church leadership, although in the earliest days of the Christian movement tithing seems to have been abandoned entirely in many Christian circles as a practice not in harmony with the Christian divergence from Jewish observances.
		The tithe remained of great importance for the church as a means of securing a stable institution, providing for ecclesiastical establishments, and offering resources for the care of the poor and the needy.
	www.bookrags.com /Tithe (4189 words)

	Tithes - Catholic Encyclopedia - Catholic Online
		Just as Abraham is there represented as offering tithes of the spoils of the enemy to the royal priest, Melchisedech, so in Genesis 28, Jacob is recorded as giving a tithe of all his possessions to the Lord.
		At the triennial tithe, a third decimation was made and a tenth part was consumed at home by the householder with his family, the Levites, strangers, and the poor.
		When property is inherited or donated, it is not subject to the law of tithes, but its natural increase is. There are many exempted from the paying of tithes: spiritual corporations, the owners of uncultivated lands, those who have acquired lawful prescription, or have obtained a legal renunciation, or received a privilege from the pope.
	www.catholic.org /encyclopedia/view.php?id=11586 (1375 words)

	b. The Crusades. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Saladin's steady advance led to a great appeal to the West; King Philip II of France and Henry II of England declined the crown of Jerusalem but levied a Saladin tithe (1188) to finance a Crusade.
		Christian attack on a caravan (said to be escorting Saladin's sister) provoked Saladin's holy war (1187–89): capture of Jerusalem (1187) without a sack and reduction of the Latin states to the cities of Antioch, Tyre, Tripoli, and a small area around each.
		Richard's negotiations with Saladin (Richard proposed a marriage of his sister Joan to Saladin's brother, who was to be invested with Jerusalem) resulted (1192) in a three-year truce allowing the Christians a coastal strip between Jaffa and Acre and access to Jerusalem.
	www.bartleby.com /67/505.html (1306 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Saladin tithe
		The Saladin tithe, or the Aid of 1188, was a tax, or more specifically a tallage, levied in England and to some extent in France in 1188, in response to the capture of Jerusalem by Saladin in 1187.
		In July of 1187, the Kingdom of Jerusalem was defeated by Saladin at the Battle of Hattin, and in October Saladin captured Jerusalem itself.
		In January of 1188, Henry II of England and Philip II of France discussed the crusade at Le Mans, with Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre in attendance, and on February 11, Henry began to organize the preaching of the crusade in England at Geddington.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Saladin_tithe (739 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		Saladin could not possibly agree to the terms, but the garrison had made the agreement in his name and he was bound by honor to accept it.
		Saladin himself went into the battle and was able to save his camp, at least, and to keep the retreat from turning into a rout.
		Saladin's troops plundered and slaughtered, and the garrison retreated to the city's fortress.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/thirdcru.html (5366 words)

	Saladin
		Saladin (1137 or 1138—1193; Kurdish: Selaheddîn Eyûbî; Arabic: Salah ad-Din Yusuf Ibn Ayyub.
		Saladin was born into a Kurdish family in near the river and was sent to to finish his education.
		Saladin revitalised the economy of Egypt, reorganised the military forces and, following the advice of his father, he stayed away from any conflicts with Nur ad-Din, his formal lord, after he had become the real ruler over Egypt.
	users.bigpond.net.au /gary_fletcher/saladin.html (1295 words)

	Saladin information - Search.com
		Saladin was born into a Kurdish family in Tikrit and was sent to Damascus to finish his education.
		"Saladin, king of Egypt" from a 15th century illuminated manuscript; the "globus" in his left hand is a European symbol of kingly power.
		Saladin's rule forms the basis for the third campaign in the real-time strategy computer game Age of Empires II, where he is portrayed favourably, yet vicious when threatened.
	www.search.com /reference/Saladin (2157 words)

	Encyclopedia: Third Crusade
		Events May 22 - Murder attempt by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo May 29 - Frederick Barbarossa is defeated in the Battle of Legnano by the Lombard League leading to the pactum Anagninum (the Agreement of Anagni) September 17 - Seljuk Turks defeat Manuel...
		Guy took a drink and passed the goblet to Raynald, unknowingly violating the Muslim rule of hospitality stating that one who receives food or drink is under the protection of the host.
		The Battle of Arsuf was a battle of the Third Crusade in which Richard I of England defeated Saladin at Arsuf.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Third-Crusade (4769 words)

	Third Crusade
		Control of both Egypt and Syria allowed Saladin to surround the Crusader kingdom; on July 4, 1189, Saladin won the Battle of Hattin, and on October 2 Jerusalem surrendered.
		Saladin's army attempted to break the siege, but were turned away, and the city was taken on July 12.
		Saladin then attempted to retake Jaffa in July, but was defeated by Richard's now much smaller force on July 31.
	www.fastload.org /th/Third_Crusade.html (678 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Henry II, King of England: The Saladin Tithe, 1188
		Since the Saladin Tithe was taken of rent and movables to provide funds for the Third Crusade, it can be regarded as an ecclesiastical tithe.
		Furthermore, Saladin had moved his field army to the vicinity of the city shortly after the siege of Acre had begun, so that the besiegers bad both to deal with the garrison of the town and with a field army which continually harassed them and hampered their communications and their supply routes.
		Saladin's princes persuaded him on these and similar scores and, lest their last state be worse than the first, he agreed that they should make peace on the best terms they could get.
	www.nipissingu.ca /department/history/MUHLBERGER/2425/crusade.htm (2969 words)

	Saladin - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Saladin ( 1137 or 1138 – 1193 ; Salah al Din Yusuf Ibn Ayyub ; صلاه الدين يوسف ابن ايوب ; Salah al Din means "The Righteousness of the Faith) founded the ethnically Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria.
		Saladin marched on Damascus, and was welcomed into the city.
		This Crusade took back Acre, and Saladin was defeated by King Richard I of England at the Battle of Arsuf in 1191.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Saladin (1141 words)

	Assemblies of the French Clergy
		The Dime Saladine (Saladin Tithe) was inaugurated when Philip August (1180-1223) united his forces with those of Richard of England to deliver Jerusalem from Saladin.
		At a later period the contributions of the clergy were increased, and during the reign of St. Louis (1235-70) we find record of thirteen subsidies within twenty-eight years.
		In each diocese there was a board of elected delegates presided over by the bishop, whose duty it was to apportion the assessments among the beneficed ecclesiastics.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/a/assemblies_of_french_clergy.html (3346 words)

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