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1692

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	Salem Witch Trials - MSN Encarta
		Salem Witch Trials, trials that occurred during the years 1692 and 1693 in the eastern counties of colonial Massachusetts in which people were accused of being witches.
		Trials of women and men for witchcraft were common in Europe from the 1300s to the end of the 1600s.
		In the Salem cases, as in previous witchcraft trials, the suspects were all indicted by grand juries and found guilty by juries of their neighbors, according to the rules of criminal procedure then in force.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_701701818/Salem_Witch_Trials.html (1080 words)

	Salem Witch Trials: Witchcraft
		The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings by local magistrates and county court trials to prosecute people alleged to have committed acts of witchcraft in Essex, Suffolk and Middlesex Counties of Massachusetts in 1692 and 1693.
		The trials in 1692 were all held in Salem Town by the Court of Oyer and Terminer, with the Superior Court of Judicature hearing cases in 1693 in the individual county court seats: Salem Town, Ipswich, Boston, and Charlestown.
		The Salem witchcraft trials of 1692, which resulted in 19 executions, and 150 accusations of witchcraft, are one of the historical events almost everyone has heard of.
	www.lycos.com /info/salem-witch-trials--witchcraft.html (620 words)

	JURIST – The Salem Witchcraft Trials
		The degree to which defendants in Salem were able to take advantage of their modest protections varied considerably, depending on their own acuteness and their influence in the community.
		There was even testimony that while being transported under guard past the Salem meeting house, she looked at the building and caused a part of it to fall to the ground.
		Seeing the futility of a trial and hoping that by avoiding a conviction his farm, that would otherwise go the state, might go to his two sons-in-law, Corey refused to stand for trial.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /famoustrials/salem.php (2905 words)

	JURIST - The Salem Witchcraft Trials
		In 1688, John Putnam, one of the most influential elders of Salem Village, invited Samuel Parris, formerly a marginally successful planter and merchant in Barbados, to preach in the Village church.
		It was easy to believe in 1692 in Salem, with an Indian war raging and the village in political turmoil, that the devil was close at hand.
		One of the judges, Nathaniel Saltonstall, aghast at the conduct of the trial, resigned from the court.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /trials7.htm (2926 words)

	Salem Press
		The witchcraft fever continued to spread, but the accused were confident that the distinguished judges Bartholomew Gedney, Samuel Sewall, John Richards, William Sergeant, Wait Winthrop, Nathaniel Saltonstall (later replaced by Jonathan Corwin), and Presiding Justice William Stoughton represented some of the best minds in the colony and would deal justly with the witchcraft problem.
		Although the Salem trials were not the last, because of the Massachusetts authorities' actions in discovering, acknowledging, and disowning their errors, the Salem experience helped to end witchcraft trials in Western civilization.
		Investigates the assumptions surrounding the trials, the mythologizing of the event, and the stereotyping of witches regarding gender and age.
	salempress.com /Store/samples/great_events_from_history_seventeenth/great_events_from_history_seventeenth_salem.htm (2194 words)

	Salem Witch Trials
		Although the accusations of witchcraft at Salem described by Cotton Mather in The Wonders of the Invisible World have become the most notorious example of the hysteria about witches, the events of 1692-1693 were neither the first nor the only instances of such accusations in New England.
		The true end to the trials of the Court of Oyer and Terminer, however, came on October 3, 1692 when Increase Mather, father of Cotton Mather, preached a sermon that was soon published as Cases of Conscience Concerning Evil Spirits Personating Men.
		Boyer and Nissenbaum argue that what happened at Salem was the outgrowth of conflicts between the rising mercantile class and the people who were tied to a land-based economy--that is, that the wealth and power of the merchants "were achieved at the expense of the farmers" (Karlsen 212).
	www.wsu.edu /~campbelld/amlit/witch.htm (971 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Books: Salem Witchcraft Trials, by Peter Charles Hoffer, Paperback
		Between January 1692 and May 1693 in Salem, Massachusetts, neighbors turned against neighbors and children against parents with accusations of witchcraft, and nineteen people were hanged for having made pacts with the devil.
		The narrative divides into twelve chapters: two for the village and people of Salem; two for the accusers and their accusations; two for the judges and the law; four for the trials (only five trials are analyzed, although others are mentioned); and two for the end of the epidemic and apologies.
		Hoffer provides an analysis of the trials of five individuals: Bridget Bishop, the disreputable woman; Rebecca Nurse, the good wife; John Proctor and George Burroughs, the scoffers; and Giles Corey, the hard man (who refused to take part in the trial and was pressed to death under a pile of rocks).
	search.barnesandnoble.com /textbooks/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?userid=2TKUPA4KCA&isbn=0700608591&TXT=Y&itm=3 (3540 words)

	Article-In the Devil's Snare- The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692
		This acclaimed history illuminates the horrifying episode of Salem with visceral clarity, from those who fanned the crisis to satisfy personal vendettas to the four-year-old "witch" chained to a dank prison wall in darkness till she went mad.
		The Salem Witch Trials is based on over twenty-five years of archival research--including the author's discovery of previously unknown documents--newly found cases and court records.
		In her analysis of the cultural construction of gender in early America, Elizabeth Reis explores the intersection of Puritan theology, Puritan evaluations of womanhood, and the Salem witchcraft episodes.
	www.minihttpserver.net /z_book/A_in_the_devils_snare_-0375706909.htm (1739 words)

	Salem Witch Museum Education - Salem, Massachusetts
		A strong belief in the devil, factions among Salem Village fanatics and rivalry with nearby Salem Town, a recent small pox epidemic and the threat of attack by warring tribes created a fertile ground for fear and suspicion.
		All would await trial for a crime punishable by death in 17th-century New England, the practice of witchcraft.
		The parallels between the Salem witch trials and more modern examples of "witch hunting" like the McCarthy hearings of the 1950's, are remarkable.
	www.salemwitchmuseum.com /education/index.shtml (453 words)

	Salem Witchcraft Trials: 1692
		This was the year of the Salem Witchcraft Trials when 19 people were executed on the charge of witchcraft.
		She was hanged on Gallows Hill in Salem Town on June 10 still claiming to be wronged by the courts and that she was innocent of any crime.
		The last hanging was held on September 22 and the trials were soon stopped by the governor who ordered that no convictions could be made due to intangible evidence.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/USA/Salem.html (415 words)

	Salem Witchcraft Trials Stopped! All Released and Pardoned
		The trials began in June last year, when Tituba, the little Indian slave of Salem's new Village Minister, was accused of witchcraft after the 6-year-old daughter of the house became ill, throwing fits and complaining of pain and fever.
		A prominent townsman and benefactor, he was nevertheless identified by several of his accusers as the ringleader of all the witches, who accused him of having bewitched solders during a failed military campaign in 1689-90, the first in a series of military disasters that were blamed on an Indian-Devil alliance.
		Conveniently forgetting that many of the judges involved in these trials had also been conspicuous in the disastrous frontier wars, the judges and juries had found a scapegoat for those failures and his punishment was harsh indeed.
	www.dailypast.com /north-america/salem-witch-trial.shtml (1289 words)

	Salem Witchcraft Trials Salem Massachusetts
		Salem and the rest of New England, and particularly the north and northwest areas, were besieged by frequent Indian attacks, which created an atmosphere of fear that contributed greatly to the hysteria.
		Samuel Parris, in breaking away from Salem Town to form their own distinct township; the other half wanted to remain part of Salem Town, retaining the merchant ties, and refused to contribute to the maintenance of Parris and his family.
		Logo Salem Witch Museum Education The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 In January of 1692, the daughter and niece of Reverend Samuel Parris of Salem...
	www.bostoncitylinks.com /salem.html (1485 words)

	About the USA > Society > Native Americans
		Salem Village, as much of colonial New England, was undergoing an economic and political transition from a largely agrarian, Puritan-dominated community to a more commercial, secular society.
		Salem's obscure struggle for social and political power between older traditional groups and a newer commercial class was one repeated in communities throughout American history.
		The Crucible depicts the Salem (Massachusetts) witchcraft trials of the 17th century in which Puritan settlers were wrongfully executed as supposed witches.
	usa.usembassy.de /sf_salemwitchtrials.htm (897 words)

	Salem Witchcraft Trials
		The Salem Witch Trials weren't based as much on the Puritans and their God versus Satan and his followers as it was on human greed, the greed of one man in particular.
		The Salem Witchcraft incident began when two young girls, 11 year old Elizabeth Parris, daughter of Samuel Parris, and her cousin Abigail Williams began to behave oddly (Zeichner 1, 2).
		The trial was resumed after several leading ministers advised the court that such evidence might be used but only with 'exquisite caution' (Zeichner 1, 1).
	www.davidstuff.com /historical/salem.htm (898 words)

	Salem witch trials at AllExperts
		The Salem witch trials, which began in 1692 (also known as the Salem witch hunt and the Salem witchcraft episode), resulted in a number of convictions and executions for witchcraft in both Salem Village and Salem Town, Massachusetts.
		The witch trials ended in January of 1693, although people already jailed for witchcraft were not all released until May 1693 (Chronology).
		She believes that those afflicted in Salem, and those who seemed to have been bewitched over the centuries, suffered from encephalitis lethargica, a disease whose symptoms match some of what was reported in Salem and could have been spread by birds and other animals (Aronson).
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/sa/salem_witch_trials.htm (1986 words)

	Salem Massachusetts - What about Witches The Witch Trials
		The events which led to the Witch Trials actually occurred in what is now the town of Danvers, then a parish of Salem Town, known as Salem Village.
		Launching the hysteria was the bizarre, seemingly inexplicable behavior of two young girls; the daughter, Betty, and the niece, Abigail Williams, of the Salem Village minister, Reverend Samuel Parris.
		Eerie memorabilia associated with the trials, such as the "Witch Pins" used in the examination of witches and a small bottle supposed to contain the finger bones of the victim George Jacobs can be found in the Clerk's Office in the Essec Superior Court House, Salem.
	www.salemweb.com /guide/witches.shtml (516 words)

	The Salem Witchcraft GIS
		Witchcraft in Salem Village From the Electronic Text Center and the Danvers Archival Center
		The GIS of "Salem Village in 1692" is part of an electronic Research Archive of primary source materials related to the Salem witch trials of 1692.
		First, the GIS gives visual representation of the social context of the witch trials episode by placing the nearly 300 people mentioned in the court records in their actual household locations in the Village.
	fisher.lib.virginia.edu /libsites/salem (372 words)

	The Salem Witchcraft Trials (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Salem Witchcraft trials in Massachusetts during 1692 resulted in nineteen innocent men and women being hanged, one man pressed to death, and in the deaths of more than seventeen who died in jail.
		The protests from the people against the trials were not heard at first, and the members of the court insisted on treating people accused of being witches as the Devil's servants.
		Witches on trial were encouraged to give names of their fellow witches and/or to confess to their evil deeds, and in exchange they would be granted a less severe punishment.
	www.onlineessays.com /essays/history/his205.php (2979 words)

	The Salem Witchcraft Trials (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The concept of witchcraft was not unique in the world at this time, but nowhere else in America has it had such a concentrated impact and devastating results.
		I attempted to narrow the field of witchcraft down and focus on witchcraft in New England, however, a large portion of the resources refer to Salem because it was the largest incidence of witchcraft trials that happened in America.
		4 Mary Beth Norton, In the Devil’s Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~naomin/WitchcraftTrials.html (3164 words)

	Salem Witchcraft History
		In 1692, in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, 24 people were killed after being tried as witches.
		Salem was a prime spot for this event, and it the witchcraft trials were a culmination of many factors.
		The unfortunate combination of economic conditions, congregational strife, teenage boredom, and personal jealousies account for the spiraling accusations, trials, and executions that occurred in the spring and summer of 1692.
	home.texoma.net /~adwignall (2624 words)

	Untitled Document
		The beginnings of witchcraft in Salem and its impact on society will be determined through class discussion.
		The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 will be examined in depth using court documents and films to illustrate the processes.
		Punishment for those convicted of witchcraft as well as “tests” done to determine the innocence of those accused will be examined in terms of humanitarianism and societal impact.
	www.albany.edu /~as491996/syllabus.html (1263 words)

	The Salem Witchcraft Trials
		Between January 1692 and May 1693 in Salem, Massachusetts, neighbors turned against neighbors and children against parents with accusations of witchcraft, and nineteen people were hanged for having made pacts with the devil.
		Peter Charles Hoffer, a historian long familiar with the Salem witchcraft trials, now reexamines this notorious episode in American history and presents many of its legal details in correct perspective for the first time.
		It sheds important light on the period and shows that our horror of these infamous proceedings must be tempered with sympathy for a people who gave in to panic in the face of a harsh and desolate existence.
	www.kansaspress.ku.edu /hofsal.html (465 words)

	Salem Witchcraft Trials: Surfing the Net with Kids
		On March 1, one of the girls confessed to witchcraft during an interrogation.
		The witchcraft scare spun out of control for about a year, until Governor William Phips pardoned the remaining prisoners in 1693.
		The Salem Witch Hunt topic at Famous American Trials is quite extensive, with lots of original source documents, a photo gallery, a time line, and a good bibliography.
	www.surfnetkids.com /salem_witchcraft.htm (600 words)

	Salem Witch Craft Trials
		The doctor, who knew nothing about nerves and believed in witchcraft, finally decided, as was usual when the diagnosis was in doubt, that the actions of the girls in their fits and contortions could only be explained on the basis of witchcraft.
		They were all attributed by the people to witchcraft, and presently the children under this favorable notice began to extend their activities to the meeting-house on Sundays, crying out that they saw yellow birds sitting on the minister's hat, and other similar nonsense.
		Mary Lacy of Andover was accused of witchcraft and admitted to it.
	www.coryfamsoc.com /resources/articles/witch.htm (5878 words)

	Salem Tarot: Salem Witchcraft from the 1692 trials to Witches today!
		Salem is the historic setting of the infamous witch trials of 1692, during which twenty innocent people were executed, accused by the local authorities of worshiping the devil.
		Witchcraft is not and has never been a form of Satanism.
		Witchcraft is the "Craft of the Wise," and is one of the oldest religions known to man. Witches believe in a Goddess who is the energy of creation.
	www.salemtarot.com /witchcraft_in_salem.html (424 words)

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