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Topic: Salicin

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	Relief, A Natural Aspirin alternative, NutriBiotic
		NutriBiotic Relief tablets contain salicin, which the body converts to salicylic acid and has the same effect on the body as aspirin without any of the harsh side effects.
		The body converts salicin to salicylic acid, which has the same effect on the body as aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) without the harmful side effects.
		Salicin must be metabolized in the body before it becomes salicylic acid, therefore it will take longer to begin acting than aspirin, but the effect may last longer.
	www.nutribiotic.com /Relief.htm (632 words)

	Chrysomelid Beetle Herbivores and Salix Phenolglycosides
		Salicortin and salicin, the primary phenolglycosides, are found in the bark and leaves of Salix spp.
		vitellinae, salicin is the plant precursor used to synthesize the volatile irritant salicylaldehyde.
		Salicin and salicortin are the identified toxic compounds found in willow, birch and poplar species, all in the family Salicaceae.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1994/seidl.html (2129 words)

	White Willow Bark P.E. Salicin willow extracts ,Willow withe ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Extracts of the bark were first tested between 1821 and 1829, during which time salicin was isolated and identified, but it wasn't until 1874 it was conclusively shown to reduce the aches and soreness of rheumatism.
		Salicin, the original component of white willow bark, is converted to salicylic acid within the body.
		The concentration of salicin in the bark is small, but effective, at least for certain individuals and certain conditions.
	www.pharmahg.co.uk /m377zohints/_disc377/000000b5.htm (1205 words)

	Patent 6,967,031
		One embodiment of the invention is a composition comprising silymarin, salicin, at least one B vitamin, magnesium, molybdenum and manganese.
		Salicin is converted to aspirin in vivo and provides a delayed pain relieving affect after the ingestion of the compositions disclosed herein.
		Salicin's inhibitory effect on prostaglandin synthesis in nerve cells is the mechanism by which salicin relieves pain.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2005/Nov2005/112205/6967031_Alcohol112205.htm (2878 words)

	[No title]
		Salicin is a glycoside, which acts as a precursor compound for the synthesis of acetyl salicylic acid.
		Salicin is a glycoside occurring as white crystals or powder.
		Salicin does not irritate the stomach as acetyl salicylic acid.
	www.siu.edu /~ebl/leaflets/salicin.htm (613 words)

	salicin--Shaanxi Huike Botanical Development Co., Ltd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The bark of the white willow tree is a source of salicin and other salicylates – compounds which are similar in structure to aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid).
		Salicin is prepared from a decoction o~ the bark by first precipitating the tannin by milk of lime, then evaporating the filtrate to a soft extract, and dissolving out the salicin by alcohol.
		Populin, a benzoyl salicin, is a glucoside found in the leaves and bark of Populus tremula.
	www.huikes.com /product/english/salicin.html (633 words)

	White Willow - An Natural pain Reliever
		Aspirin quickly replaced natural sources of salicin and salicylic acid because it was more potent and caused fewer side effects (salicylic acid can be irritating to the stomach).
		The glycoside salicin, from which the body can split off salicylic acid, is the basis of the anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects of willow.
		Salicin, salicylic acid, and aspirin have all been shown to reduce inflammation, lower fever, and relieve pain.
	www.bodyandfitness.com /Information/Herbal/Research/whitewillow.htm (918 words)

	C13H1807 SALICINUM SAL... - Online Information article about C13H1807 SALICINUM SAL... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Salicin is prepared from a decoction o the bark by first precipitating the See also:
		extract, and dissolving out the salicin by See also:
		Populin, a benzoyl salicin, is a glucoside found in the leaves and bark of Populus tremula.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /SAC_SAR/SALICIN_SALICINUM_C13H1807.html (405 words)

	SALICINUM. - THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PURE MATERIA MEDICA By TIMOTHY F. ALLEN, A.M., M.D.
		Next day, the first on which Salicin was given, the temperature fell after the dose of 30 grains, 0.4° in one hour and a half, and remained depressed for about three hours, and then rose to its original height in spite of the continuance of the medicine.
		The only effect, therefore, of the Salicin, was very slight and temporary depression of the temperature, not maintained by the continuance of the medicine, and the diurnal fall was not quite so great as on the two previous days, though within the limits of the variation of health.
		Next day, when 3 drachms of Salicin, in divided doses, was given, the temperature was not even temporarily depressed; in fact; it rose 0.6° between 9 A.M. and 1 P.M., and then slowly fell 0.3° till 3.30 P.M. The evening fall began between 7 and 8 P.M., and the diurnal variation amounted to 1.5°.
	www.homeoint.org /allen/s/salic.htm (868 words)

	White Willow Bark P.E., China plant extract, herb extracts manufacturer
		As 'nature aspirin', salicin is used to treat mild fevers, colds, infections (influenza), acute and chronic rheumatic disorders, headaches, and pain caused by inflammation.
		In its natural form, salicin passes harmlessly through the gastrointestinal tract, converted to salicylic acid in the blood and the liver.
		Salicin is thought to be the source of the anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving actions of willow.
	www.asia-chem.com /plant_extracts/willow_bark.htm (314 words)

	Summary 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The effect of the phenolic glycoside, salicin, on food intake of the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) was studied in a series of feeding experiments.
		After prolonged (20 days) exposure to salicin, food intake (19 g kg-0.75 day -1) was still reduced relative to controls (31 g kg-0.75 day-1) but not reduced to the same extent as in the short-term experiments.
		Similarly, administration of 1.3 g salicin by gavage had no significant effect on the subsequent intake of salicin compared to controls that were gavaged with water.
	www.anu.edu.au /BoZo/BillsLab/research/summ6.html (229 words)

	Chrysomelid Beetle Interactions with Salicaceae
		Salicin is present in the bark of 11 European Salix species, while other phenolic compounds vary in type, location and concentration.
		Although certain chrysomelid species select their host plants based on salicin content, it is apparent that the phenolics produced by Salicaceae have a much broader role.
		In a study relating altitudinal gradient to mortality in C anaecolis, Smiley and Rank (1986) hypothesized that larvae were limited at higher elevations by cold, and by predation on lower ground.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_1996/dernburg.html (3334 words)

	FEBS Abstract
		Cellobiose, arbutin, salicin, and esculin are sugars belonging to a group of saccharides called (beta)-glucosides consisting of two units joined by a (beta)-glycosidic bond.
		All these observations indicate that for salicin, arbutin, and esculin assimilation at least two different systems are used.
		Salicin, arbutin, and esculin are transported via PEP-PTS, which undergoes regulation by CcpA and BglR control proteins, whereas cellobiose is assimilated through cellobiose-specific PEP-PTS regulated by CcpA, only.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /febsabstracts2004/abstract.asp?id=17991 (362 words)

	[No title]
		Salicin, the main component of the Salix species, is stable under acidic conditions (with or without pepsin) and in human saliva (pH 7.2) (3).
		Enzymes converted in vitro salicortin (acetyl-) to salicin (acetyl-); salicin and salicortin to saligenin and salicylic acid; and tremulacin to tremuloidin (5,6,7,8).
		The urinary metabolite spectrum of oral salicin was similar to that of oral acetylsalicylic acid (Table 1) (3,12).
	www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de /~cn6/iasp/sig-rp/willow.html (1286 words)

	Plant toxins: a double-edged sword - toxins may work against the plant itself Science News - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Salicin, a toxin produced by willows, so improves one kind of willow-eating beetle's survival that the willows that produce the most salicin end up suffering the most beetle-inflicted leaf damage, report researchers at the University of California at Irvine in the Aug. 16 SCIENCE.
		By measuring both leaf damage and salicin content in individual willow shrubs, the researchers discovered that the more salicin a willow produced, the more heavily it was damaged.
		They also suggest that, more generally, repeated exploitation of secondary compounds by plant-eating insects may account for the great diversity of secondary chemicals that plants produce: That is, every time an insect herbivore adapts to a plant's toxins, the plant is forced to produce a new one.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_v128/ai_3898123 (619 words)

	Willow - [Alternative Medicine]
		In the late 19th century, the constituent salicylic acid was isolated from willow bark and went on to become the model for the development of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).
		The glycoside salicin, from which the body can split off salicylic acid, is thought to be the source of the anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving actions of willow.
		Another trial found that 1360 mg of willow bark extract per day (delivering 240 mg of salicin) for two weeks was somewhat effective in treating pain associated with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/cam/hn-2182009.htm (721 words)

	Professional Nursing Today: The History Of Asprin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1838, the Italian chemist, Raffaele Piria, succeeded in splitting salicin to obtain salicylic acid, which was derived from methyl salicylate, isolated from oil of wintergreen.
		In addition to its antipyretic properties, salicylic acid was also found to have anti-inflammatory effects relieving stiffness and pain in rheumatic fever patients, as well as being used as a pharmaceutical and food preservative.
		Due to later reports that salicin was less efficacious than sodium salicylate and often produced skin rashes, salicin last appeared in the British Pharmaceutical Codex (BPC) in 1954.
	www.medpharm.co.za /pnt/2000/first/asprin.html (826 words)

	Applied Health White Willow Bark
		Research throughout the last century identified and isolated salicin as the primary active ingredient, though other components also possess mild analgesic properties.
		From salicin, salicylic acid and finally acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) were derived.
		The latter substance has a more concentrated action than salicin, but its action is no different.
	www.appliedhealth.com /nutri/page8502.php (697 words)

	ThirdAge: White Willow
		They extracted the substance salicin from white willow, which was soon purified to salicylic acid.
		1,2 This may be partly due to the fact that most of the salicylic acid provided by white willow comes from salicin and other chemicals that are only converted to salicylic acid after absorption into the body.
		4 The higher-dose group received extract supplying 240 mg of salicin daily; in this group, 39% were pain free for at least 5 days of the last week of the study.
	www.thirdage.com /healthgate/files/21882.html (1039 words)

	White Willow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		White willow, like other willows, is a natural source of salicin, a precursor of modern aspirin, and indeed it has been used for centuries worldwide as a pain reliever.
		Although all parts of the plant contain some salicin, the best source is the mature bark, either fresh or dried.
		Like other salicin-producing plants, white willow also reduces fever and inflammation, probably by suppressing the action of prostaglandins (hormone-like substances), which are produced by the body in response to injuries.
	www.angelfire.com /biz3/nutramedic/whitewillow.html (247 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU Movie Gallery: Aspirin Video No. 2
		Salicylates are naturally occurring compounds that have long been used by humans for their medicinal properties.
		To relieve pain and fever, the Greek physician Hippocrates prescribed teas made from the salicin rich bark and leaves of the willow tree, Salix alba.
		Salicin, the parent of the salicylate drug family, was successfully isolated in 1829 from willow bark.
	www.microscopyu.com /moviegallery/chemicalcrystals/aspirin/t1/aspirin02.html (252 words)

	FEBS Abstract
		Salicin is probably transported via PEP-PTS which undergoes regulation by BglR and CcpA, whereas cellobiose is assimilated through cellobiose-specific PEP-PTS regulated by CcpA, only.
		All strains were cultivated in 2L fermentors with CDM medium supplemented with glucose, cellobiose, or salicin.
		The results show that the control of salicin uptake is mediated by the presence of both the substrate, i.e., salicin, and the carrier regulator BglR.
	www.blackwellpublishing.com /febsabstracts2004/abstract.asp?id=17993 (312 words)

	More - White Willow Bark Extract 620 mg
		In the 19th century the West discovered the active constituent in willow bark to be salicin, a natural chemical which the body first converts into saligenin and then into salicylic acid.
		As well, there have been various scientific studies done on white willow bark indicating that salicin is converted to salicylates in the blood.
		Their comparative blood level studies show that salicin (the precursor to salicylic acid found in willow bark) may reach peak levels more slowly, but it stays active much longer than products containing only salicylic acid such as aspirin.
	www.florahealth.com /Flora/Home/usa/Products/61480_More.asp?CategoryID=&ImageFlag= (943 words)

	Aspir Herb
		The Chinese and Greeks used willow bark thousands of years ago and the American colonists were surprised to find that the American Indians were already using willow bark to treat pain and fever.
		In a four-week, blinded study, 191 volunteers followed one of three daily regimens: 240 mg of salicin (high dose), 120 mg of salicin (low dose) or a placebo.
		Those who received the highest dosage of salicin experienced the most pain relief Only one allergic reaction, which researchers said was possibly related to the extract, was recorded.
	www.femhealth.com /aspirherb.html (315 words)

	White Willow Bark Information
		Salicin and salicylic acid are both found in willow bark and are precursors to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).
		Salicin is thought to be the principal active component in willow bark extracts.
		Salicin and other components of willow bark have fever-reducing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects
	www.vitaminherbuniversity.com /topic.asp?categoryid=4&topicid=1103 (344 words)

	Aspirin
		The father of modern medicine was Hippocrates, who lived sometime between 460 B.C and 377 B.C. Hippocrates has left historical records of pain relief treatments, including the use of powder made from the bark and leaves of the willow tree to help heal headaches, pains and fevers.
		By 1829, scientists discovered that it was the compound called salicin in willow plants which gave pain relief.
		Henri Leroux had extracted salicin, in crystalline form for the first time, and Raffaele Piria succeeded in obtaining the salicylic acid in its pure state.
	html.rincondelvago.com /aspirin.html (753 words)

	WholeHealthMD
		The active ingredient in white willow is salicin, which the body converts into salicylic acid.
		Capsules, tablets, and other supplement forms that contain a standardized amount of the active ingredient, salicin, are more reliable than teas made from white willow bark because the unrefined bark contains only small amounts of salicin.
		Although white willow bark is unlikely to cause the rare but potentially fatal condition called Reye's syndrome in such cases--it is metabolized differently than aspirin--the similarity to aspirin is close enough to warrant caution.
	www.wholehealthmd.com /ME2/dirmod.asp?type=AWHN_Supplements&id=8CB384A00AA045B8A880DB61A8DDD54A&tier=2 (747 words)

	Good Herbal Health - Can White Willow Relieve Pain?
		The salicin and salicylates are substances that are similar in structure to acetylsalicylic acid.
		Thus, the salicin of the white willow is a favorable alternative to the synthetically produced aspirin.
		In the eazol, the salicin of the white willow is combined with other powerful substances to more effectively produce these effects.
	www.good-herbal-health.com /natural-treatments/pain-relief/can-white-willow-relieve-pain.php (474 words)

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