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Topic: Salish language

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	Salishan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Salishan (also Salish) languages are a group of languages of western Canada and the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
		Edward Sapir suggested that the Salishan languages may be related to the Wakashan and Chimakuan languages in a hypothetical Mosan family.
		The Salishan languages, principally Chehalis, contributed greatly to the vocabulary of the Chinook Jargon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salish (457 words)

	Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation are the Bitterroot Salish, Kootenai and Pend d'Oreilles Tribes.
		The Salish (Flatheads) initially lived entirely east of the Continental Divide but established their headquarters near the the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains.
		Isaac Stevens, the new governor and superintendent of Indian affairs for Washington Territory, was intent on obtaining cession of the Bitterroot Valley from the Salish.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Confederated_Salish_and_Kootenai_Tribes_of_the_Flathead_Nation (1137 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		SALISH [Salish] indigenous people of North America, also known as the Flathead, who in the early 19th cent.
		Their language belongs to the Salishan branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan linguistic stock (see Native American languages).
		By the Garfield Treaty (1872) the Salish agreed to move north to the valley of the Flathead lake and river.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:Salish (357 words)

	In the Language of Our Ancestors \| Native Students \| NW Education
		A second language is more easily acquired early on as children develop their language skills, rather than at a later stage.
		It is language immersion for the youngest members of a Native population.
		The first language of two-thirds of American Indian youth today is Indian English, according to a research report by Washington state's Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction and the Evergreen Center for Educational Improvement at Evergreen State College in Olympia.
	www.nwrel.org /nwedu/09-03/language.php (2447 words)

	AICS: Tribal Language Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The eighth grade Nez Perce language teacher is expanding her students' knowledge of the Nez Perce language and culture through a study of Nez Perce place names and the meanings behind the names.
		Language classes are also going to be offered at the tribal community center for people of all ages and levels of Passamaquoddy language proficiency; middle school language students are responsible for preparing newspaper announcements for these classes.
		Native language students in the middle school in Cherokee, North Carolina are developing a bilingual tribal timeline in conjunction with an elementary school language class.
	www.ldoe.org /cetia/triblang.htm (3056 words)

	GeoNative - Salish
		Salish izena "Salst" hitzetik dator: Okanagan hizkuntzan (Salish familiakoa, hain zuzen) "pertsona" esan nahi du.
		Horri honetan, honako hizkuntza Salish hauek ditugu: Itsasarteko Salishera, Spokane Salishera, Shuswap, Nuxalk (Bella Coola), Lushootseed (Puget Soundeko Salishera), Coeur d'Alene.
		Straits Salish was the language spoken in the westernmost US-Canada border area, between Puget Sound, Olympic peninsula, Vancouver Island, in the islands and shores of the sea straits of that region, in present day British Columbia (Canada) and Washington (US).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/salish.html (1176 words)

	billingsgazette.com
		Salish is by far the largest of the three tribal groups that comprise the Flathead Nation.
		The Pablo resident is a founder of the Salish language-immersion school, Nk(w)usm (One Fire) in Arlee.
		Deliberate repression of the Indian language by religious and civil authorities for two generations - now referred to politely as "the boarding school experience" in tribal cultures throughout the Western United States - had severely eroded the language by the time Brown was born.
	www.billingsgazette.com /index.php?id=1&display=rednews/2003/12/07/build/state/30-salish.inc (759 words)

	Salish, Central Coast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Central Coast Salish share the same culture but speak 4 distinct languages of the Coast Salish language family.
		Three of these groups are known by indigenous names: Halkomelem, the largest group, and Squamish bear the names for their respective languages; Nooksack, now entirely in Washington state, is an anglicization of the native name by which other Coast Salish groups knew them.
		Straits Salish perfected the reef net, a unique trap set between pairs of canoes at owned locations in the sea where Fraser-bound salmon were known to pass.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001484 (220 words)

	Salish 100 - University of Victoria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The language is a Coast Salish language known in the linguistic literature as Halkomelem.
		The Hul'q'umi'num' language is spoken on Vancouver Island from Malahat in the south to Nanoose Bay in the north, with some dialect differences.
		Hul'q'umi'num' is widely recognized as a language of culture and ceremony and widely used beyond its traditional territory.
	web.uvic.ca /hrd/salish (312 words)

	CSKT - Salish Language
		Salish Elders say that they, and many other tribes, were placed on this earth as one Salishan-speaking people.
		Several large bands of Salish (later misnamed Flatheads) camped throughout Montana from the Bitterroot to the Yellowstone Valleys; however, encroachment from non-Indians led to the eventual concentration of the tribe in the Bitterroot Valley.
		Most importantly, these narratives taught the children to be respectful listeners so that they could understand the lessons of their lifestyles and pass them on to future generations.
	www.cskt.org /hc/salishculture.htm (1378 words)

	languagehat.com: ANYONE FOR SALISHAN?
		I'm trying to find out which Salishan languages, if any, still have a reasonably healthy speaking community (e.g., spoken in most households in at least one place and has at least some speakers under the age of 10.) Ethnologue suggests that the answer is none.
		Describing people as speakers of a 'dying language' often puts a terrible onus on the speakers, making them feel guilty for not preserving their language in face of the onslaught of modernity.
		Language is one of the most visible and most decisive elements of identity, especially in America.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/001209.php (2417 words)

	Canku Ota - June 2, 2001 - Lummis Place Premium on Recovering Language
		Language is the vessel that carries culture: That's what Cynthia Wilson tells her students.
		Variations of the latter are spoken from the south Puget Sound region north to Vancouver, B.C. Just as she views Indian languages as a way to recover culture, 19th-century federal officials saw English-only curricula as a powerful tool to exterminate it.
		He knew a lot of the Lummi language, but he never spoke it because it was forbidden when he went to school.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues01/Co06022001/CO_06022001_Lummi_Language.htm (1256 words)

	languagehat.com: Comment on ANYONE FOR SALISHAN?
		In the US you probably would have a problem finding a community where the children are acquiring the language, but my guess is that in Canda among the Thompson Salish or Shuswap you maight still find healthy language communities.
		Salish language communities, estimates of speaker populations reported here are based primarily on the Statistics Canada’s 2001 census
		Chinook being a trade language is easier for anyone to learn--we were communicating in it after a weekend--so it's an option for people who want to keep a hold on their culture but are daunted by Halkomelem.
	www.languagehat.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=1209 (2338 words)

	Missoulian - Salish revival
		Deliberate repression of the Indian language by religious and civil authorities for two generations - now referred to politely as "the boarding school experience" in tribal cultures throughout the western United States - had severely eroded the language by the time Brown was born.
		Salish was rarely spoken by anyone outside the home, and then usually only among elders.
		At St. Ignatius High School, he attended Salish classes, but they were only "enrichment" courses of study, designed to familiarize students with the local Salish cultural tradition, not language fluency.
	www.missoulian.com /articles/2003/11/25/news/mtregional/news08.txt (1237 words)

	Salish - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Safaris and sweethearts: Salish Lodge & Spa offers an array of packages through next year.
		U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes negotiate Annual Funding Agreement for National Bison Range Complex.
		Salish elder visits Statue of Liberty for 85th birthday
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Salish.asp (535 words)

	Native Languages: Links and resources for study
		Prairie Band Potawotomie Language Project -- With support of a grant from Iowa Humanities Commission, University and Reservation-based group is attempting to construct a lexicon, a grammar, and other tools to keep this Algonquian language alive.
		SIL bibliography of Native Language publications -- non-tchnical and technical are on same page, separated by a top of the pag jump anchor.
		Language is our prime (though not only) medium of thought -- the way the world is conceptualized.
	www.kstrom.net /isk/stories/language.html (1547 words)

	Salishan Bibliography
		For a truly comprehensive and up-to-date bibliography on the entire Salishan language family, see Jan van Eijk's An Annotated Bibliography of Salishan Linguistics [http://www.cas.unt.edu/~montler/salishan/salbib1.pdf].
		A collection of papers on a variety of topics, some devoted to particular Salishan languages, some to the family as a whole.
		Presents evidence that Klallam is a distinct language from Northern Straits and discusses the dialect differences within Northern Straits.
	www.ydli.org /biblios/salbib.htm (392 words)

	Audio-Forum - The Language Source
		The Cherokee language is of the Iroquoian family, most closely related to Seneca, Mohawk, and Oneida.
		The Salish language is spoken today principally in British Columbia.
		Languages: Apache, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Kiowa, Lakota, Lenape, Mohawk, Navajo, Ojibwe, Passamaquoddy, Salish, Tlingit, and Yup'ik.
	audioforum.com /index.php?crn=3079 (432 words)

	The Piegan Institute - In the Language of our Ancestors
		The sole text is a Salish storybook, The Story of a Mean Little Old Lady, with English translation.
		It is a three-year pilot program with the purpose of contributing "to the recovery, revitalization, and promotion of First Peoples' languages.
		He writes that distinctive characteristics of Indian English—what he calls "codes"—"derive, in large part, from their close association with their speakers' ancestral language traditions.
	www.pieganinstitute.org /051304_language_ancestors.html (2294 words)

	Puget Sound Salish Literature and Its Use in Language Teaching and Revitalization
		We will consider how the materials available both on the language and the literature are being used to teach the language and if there are others ways in which this might be done.
		In the process of learning about and analyzing the Lushootseed literature and the language we will also be exploring much about the culture of these people and the effects of a dying language on the people and their culture.
		These presentations will explore ways in which endangered or extinct languages are being taught and revitalized elsewhere in the world, and the types of materials and resources that are being used to do this.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~denham/439lush.html (1486 words)

	Learn Salish - Salish Books and Courses
		In this pioneering study Paul D. Kroeber examines the history of an array of important syntactic constructions in the Salish language family.
		This group of some twenty-three languages, centrally located in the Northwest Coast and Plateau Regions, is noted for its intriguing differences from European languages, including the possible irrelevance of a noun/verb distinction to grammatical structure and the existence of distinctive systems of articles, which also often function as marks of subordination.
		Centering his detailed investigation on patterns of subordination and focusing, he situates these against the broader background of Salish syntax, examines their interrelationships, and reconstructs their historical development.
	www.multilingualbooks.com /salish.html (460 words)

	Nkwusm - Salish Language Revitalization Institute
		Nåusm Salish Language Revitalization Institute is a private 501 (c)(3) nonprofit chartered in 2003 in the State of Montana to research, promote and preserve the Salish Language.
		It is the dream of four young Salish people to recreate the process of passing the Salish language from parent to child, elder to youth in an effort to holistically preserve the language, perpetuation the Salish tribal way of life and world view.
		If you value the Salish language, please consider making a donation to Nåusm.
	www.salishworld.com (146 words)

	Reznet : Student Life: : Keeping Salish Alive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Writing in the Salish language, Maii Pete, 10, makes a list of what she was thankful for this past year as elder Sophie Mays works with other children at Nkwsum school.
		Nkwsum was started four years ago, with the idea of bringing the Salish language back to the people.
		Reporter Jasa Santos, Salish, and photographer Adam Sings In The Timber, Crow, attend the University of Montana in Missoula.
	www.reznetnews.org /student/060202_language (750 words)

	Indian Education on the Flathead Reservation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		While at the Pablo school, he took a Salish language course, one option to fulfill the required Native American Studies class.
		For tribal elders, those who have held the language in trust all these years, it is hope realized.
		Pierre teaches full time, and is quick to emphasize the importance of the language immersion, and his commitment to it.
	www.umt.edu /journalism/student_work/Native.News.2006/story_flathead2.html (893 words)

	The Northern Straits Salish Language
		Northern Straits Salish is a single language consisting of a number of dialects on Southern Vancouver Island and in Washington State.
		The term Northern Straits Salish is used to distinguish this language from Klallam, another Salishan language spoken in the same area which is different enough that it is considered to be a distinct language.
		As the name suggests, Straits Salish is a Salishan language.
	www.ydli.org /langs/straits.htm (173 words)

	Puget Sound Salish Language, Literature, and Culture
		Some of the translations (Lushootseed: An Introduction to Puget Salish Narrative Aesthetics) are quite literal and strive to preserve many of the literary patterns and characteristics of the original.
		In the process of reading and analyzing the literature, we will also be exploring much about the culture of these people and how closely intertwined their language, stories, and culture are.
		Through a thorough examination of the language and literature of these peoples, you will gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for these threatened cultures and languages.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~denham/439.html (1086 words)

	: : : : : Language : : : : : (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Grammar-By studying the structure of language both of Spanish itself and comparatively students broaden and reinforce their understanding of English grammar and syntax and of language structure in general.
		Students electing to participate in the travel experience are immersed in authentic materials for the duration of the trip.
		Those students electing to participate in the travel experience are able and required to seek out, write and speak about cultural experiences and to compare and contrast these experiences with their own culture.
	mission.blackfoot.net /HSPAGES/Language.htm (3547 words)

	Vancouver Island - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The island has been inhabited by humans for some eight thousand years.
		By the late 1700s, the primary First Nations there were the Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) on the west coast, various nations of the Salish language group on the south and east coasts, and the Kwakiutl on the centre and north of the island.
		The National Maps show a nation of Vancouver consisting of the island and the mainland coastal regions from Queen Charlotte Sound to Cape Flattery.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vancouver_Island (1808 words)

	Salish Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille
		The Salish Kootenai College Upward Bound Homepage - a government-funded program that helps kids with low income families and first generation kids (with parents who have not gone to college) make it through high school and go on to college
		It is named for Chief Charlo, a leader of a band of Salish Native Americans during the late 1800's.
		Salish Language - this is a page which discusses linguistic theory regarding the Salish language.
	www.ldb.org /vl/ai/salish.htm (2132 words)

	Spokane/Kalispel/Flathead Salish Language (Pend D'oreille, Spokan)
		Spokane, Kalispel (Pend d'Oreille), and Flathead (Salish proper) are three Salishan languages of the northwestern United States, so closely related to each other that most linguists consider them dialects of a single Salish language.
		There are around 200 speakers of the three Salish dialects on reservations in Montana and Washington state.
		Official homepage of the Montana tribe the Bitterroot and Pend d'Oreille Salish share with the Kootenai.
	www.native-languages.org /salish.htm (259 words)

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