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Topic: Salivary amylase

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	Amylase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) (CAS# 9014-71-5) is a digestive enzyme classified as a saccharidase (an enzyme that cleaves polysaccharides).
		Amylase is also synthesized by many plants during the ripening of fruit and during the germination of cereal grains.
		There are two isoforms of human amylase: pancreatic and salivary amylase.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salivary_amylase (537 words)

	Salivary gland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It also helps break down carbohydrates (with salivary amylase, formerly known as ptyalin) and lubricates the passage of food down from the oro-pharynx to the esophagus to the stomach.
		The submandibular gland is a U-shaped structure, and lies beneath the ramus of the mandible (the angle of the chin).
		Salivary duct calculus may cause blockage of the ducts, causing pain and swelling of the gland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salivary_gland (522 words)

	Amylase enzyme
		Amylase is a digestive enzyme made primarily by the pancreas and salivary glands.
		Amylases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-1, 4-glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides to yield dextrins, oligosaccharides, maltose and D-glucose.
		The major role of the calcium-containing metalloenzyme amylase in the oral cavity is the hydrolysis of the alpha-1,4 linkages of starch.
	www.greatvistachemicals.com /biochemicals/amylase.html (936 words)

	Amylase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Physiology: Amylase is produced in the pancreas and salivary glands and to a lesser extent the fallopian tubes.
		From the pancreas amylase is secreted via the pancreatic and then common bile ducts into the duodenum where it plays an important role in digestion of complex carbohydrates.
		Amylase may be released into the circulation by damage to tissues containing high levels of the enzyme, or by escape from the gastro-intestinal tract.
	www.sydpath.stvincents.com.au /tests/Amylase.htm (526 words)

	Hyperamylasaemia
		During the study period serum amylase was routinely measured in patients with ruptured AAA for 48 h post-operatively.
		An elevated pancreatic amylase was a feature in the three patients who died of gut infarction, although the pancreatic isoenzyme was the predominant source of the hyperamylasaemia in only one of these patients, the other two showing a mixed rise in both the p-amylase and s-amylase isoenzymes.
		The highest recorded serum amylase level of 4379 U/L was of s-amylase subtype and occurred in a patient with an uncomplicated post-operative course.
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /Journal/vol43_5/4350004.htm (1117 words)

	[No title]
		Salivary secretion rate, pH, buffering capacity, alpha-amylase activity levels, lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans counts were also determined, and the results were correlated with the dental status of the subjects.
		Since salivary amylase hydrolyzes food starch to low molecular weight fermentable carbohydrates, experiments were carried out to determine whether tea decoctions would interfere with the release of maltose in food particles that became entrapped on the dentition.
		Salivary flow rate is undoubtedly the most important single parameter since the cariostatic activity or efficacy of practically all other salivary parameters depends on the flow rate.
	lib.umich.edu /dentlib/nihcdc/searches/frankaldo/SalBiochemMMd-1.txt (17637 words)

	[No title]
		Salivary α–amylase is a key component in the initial chemical processing of food.
		is a cofactor to salivary amylase, which denotes that its addition to the saliva and potato samples would increase the rate of the chloride binding, which activates salivary amylase (Numao et al., 2002).
		We knew that the gum increases the amount of saliva produced in the mouth, but the chemical makeup and the effects of the gum on salivary amylase are still unsure.
	www.msu.edu /~nguyen81/TeamScience.htm (2161 words)

	Accademia Italiana di Conservativa - CONSEURO 2000 - Abstract - Is Saliva-Induced Aggregation Of Amylase-Binding Oral ...
		The binding of salivary α-amylase to certain oral viridans streptococci has been implicated as a nutritional advantage for the bacteria, and in the cariogenicity of starch, and to some extend in the adhesion to hydroxyapatite, but not in the aggregation of bacteria.
		Amylase had no detectable effect on the aggregation process either in incubations with one of the strains or in incubations with a mixture of both.
		In conclusion, these bacteria, by binding salivary amylase, cannot escape aggregation and therefore do not seem to gain a survival advantage with regards to clearance from the mouth.
	www.accademiaitalianadiconservativa.it /conseuro/abstract/p90.html (258 words)

	ARUP Laboratories: Amylase, Isoenzymes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Salivary amylase is calculated as the difference between the total and pancreatic amylase.
		A marked rise in serum amylase occurs in 95 percent of patients with acute pancreatitis within 2-12 hours of onset.
		Fractionation of amylase will frequently expedite measures to distinguish acute pancreatitis (p-amylase) from the other conditions which are characterized predominantly by salivary (s- amylase) elevations.
	www.aruplab.com /guides/clt/tests/clt_al58.jsp (226 words)

	eMedicine - Hyperamylasemia : Article by Albert F Chiemprabha, MD
		Amylase is a digestive enzyme that normally acts extracellularly to cleave starch into smaller carbohydrate groups and, finally, into monosaccharides, by hydrolysis of internal alpha-1,4-glycoside bonds, which results in the production of maltose and oligosaccharides.
		Parotitis usually is caused by trauma or surgery to the salivary gland, radiation to the neck area involving the parotid gland or subsequently causing duct obstruction, or calculi of the salivary duct.
		Serum amylase measurements are not very sensitive or specific for pancreatic injury because they may be normal in those with preexisting acinar injury or chronic pancreatitis and because many other causes of hyperamylasemia are described (see Causes).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3409.htm (1860 words)

	Salivary Amylase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Salivary amylase is produced in and secreted from the salivary gland.
		The maltose will be broken down further in the small intestine and then absorbed by the cells that line the small intestine.
		Salivary amylase is neutralized (or inactivated) by the acid in the stomach but digests starch while food is in the mouth and esophagus.
	www.earlham.edu /~henryia/nutrition/samylase.html (65 words)

	Effects of Salivary Amylase
		Amylase digests starch by catalyzing hydrolysis, which is splitting by the addition of a water molecule.
		The effects of salivary amylase on starch can be demonstrated by mixing saliva with a starch solution.
		Experiment A was a test to analyze the effects of salivary amylase.
	biology.clc.uc.edu /students/114-Fall99/Amylase.htm (606 words)

	Re: What is the difference between bacterial amylase and salivary amylase?
		Salivary amylase also acts as a substrate for bacterial colonization on your teeth, by binding to your enamel and providing a linking site for bacteria that can bind to amylase.
		So there is a trade off, in that salivary amylase promotes bacterial colonization (and therefore plaque formation and tooth decay) but also helps to digest your food before it even gets to your stomach.
		Bacterial amylases appear to vary more than salivary amylases, probably due to the fact that microbes occupy many different types of environments whereas one person's mouth isn't much different from another person's mouth.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/nov2000/973793670.Bc.r.html (364 words)

	Patent 6,255,289
		Where the secretory gland is a salivary gland, the viral vector is preferably derived from an attenuated and/or replication-deficient mumps virus or other attenuated and/or replication-deficient virus which is substantially specific for salivary gland cells.
		However, when salivary gland cells are transformed with DNA encoding insulin according to the present invention, relatively little insulin is released into the saliva as compared to the blood.
		Where the targeted secretory gland is a salivary gland, systemic administration is preferably by oral administration of a viral vector containing a DNA of interest, preferably a adenovirus vector, more preferably a mumps virus vector or other virus vector which substantially specifically infects cells of the salivary gland.
	pharmcast.com /Patents/Yr2001/July2001/070301/6255289_GeneDel070301.htm (6490 words)

	Salivary Amylase antibody - Novus Biologicals - Your antibody source
		Salivary Amylase is a digestive enzyme secreted by salivary glands, it consists of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 56kDa (family B) or 62kDa (family A), the difference in molecular weight being due to the presence or absence of a carbohydrate moiety.
		The total serum concentration of amylase is about 120g/L of which about 50% is salivary amylase.
		Although salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase share 95% amino acid sequence homology, they differ in molecular size, isoelectricpoint and antigenic properties.
	www.novusbio.com /data_sheet.php/2922 (267 words)

	Salivary Amylase at Enzymesforgooddigestion.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		When the pancreas is diseased or inflamed, amylase escapes into the blood.
		According to enzyme specialist, DicQui Fuller, enzymes are defined as "proteins taken from food and made by the body".
		Amylase may be bound to an immunoglobulin to form macroamylase.
	www.enzymesforgooddigestion.com /SALIVARY-AMYLASE.htm (568 words)

	Amylase
		Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) is a digestive enzyme classified as a saccharidase (an enzyme that cleaves polysaccharides).
		Amylase is also synthesized in the fruit of many plants during ripening, causing them to become sweeter, and also during the germination of cereal grains.
		There are two isoforms of amylase: pancreatic and salivary amylase.
	www.mrsci.com /Chemical-Pathology/Amylase.php (596 words)

	W0154: Is the Mobile Loop of Salivary Amylase Responsible for "Trap-release" Mechanism in Starch Hydrolysis? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		W0154: Is the Mobile Loop of Salivary Amylase Responsible for "Trap-release" Mechanism in Starch Hydrolysis?
		In most crystal structures of mammalian amylases, the glycine-rich loop GHGAGGA (residues 304-310 in human salivary amylase) is the most flexible loop region and has the highest values.
		Crystals are orthorhombic and isomorphous with the native human salivary amylase (Ramasubbu et al., Acta Cryst.
	www.hwi.buffalo.edu /ACA/ACA01/abstracts/text/W0154.html (321 words)

	Salivary amylase activity is dependent upon the conformation of a mobile loop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Salivary amylase activity is dependent upon the conformation of a mobile loop
		Particularly, residues His305 and Gly306 reorient in the complex between amylase and acarbose to provide hydrogen bonding with bound glucose units.
		Residue Trp58 was selected as most appropriate to bring about a conformational change in the mobile loop since it is involved in a stacking interaction with residues His299 and His305, which are implicated in the enzyme mechanism.
	iadr.confex.com /iadr/2002SanDiego/techprogram/abstract_12202.htm (356 words)

	Enzyme Lab - Ex. 4
		In laboratory exercise 4 you investigate five enzymes: catalase, amylase, lipase, pepsin, and trypsin.
		Amylase is an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide starch to the disaccharide maltose.
		Salivary amylase is produced by the salivary glands and pancreatic amylase is produced by the pancreas.
	samson.kean.edu /~breid/enzyme/enzyme.html (1820 words)

	Amylase enzyme, Alpha Salivary amylase, Amylase Lipase
		Amylase (An Enzyme that "Chews Up" Macromolecular Carbohydrate) is a digestive enzyme classified as a saccharidase (an enzyme that cleaves polysaccharides).
		Amylase is also synthesized in the fruit of many plants during ripening, causing them to become sweeter.
		It is made of large and insoluble molecules, but under the action of amylase produces sugars that are soluble - these can be absorbed by the body.
	www.online-vitamins-guide.com /enzymes/amylase.htm (304 words)

	Interactions of Streptococcus mutans Fimbria-Associated Surface Proteins with Salivary Components -- Ray et al. 6 (3): ...
		salivary protein with this molecular mass is amylase.
		Salivary receptors for recombinant fimbrillin of Porphyromonas gingivalis.
		Adsorbed salivary acidic proline-rich proteins contribute to the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans JBP to apatitic surfaces.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/6/3/400 (3450 words)

	Role of Streptococcus gordonii Amylase-Binding Protein A in Adhesion to Hydroxyapatite, Starch Metabolism, and Biofilm ...
		Amylase is the most abundant salivary enzyme in humans (1) and catalyzes the hydrolysis of
		Amylase binds to several species of dental plaque streptococci, including Streptococcus gordonii (5, 10, 42).
		A solid-phase amylase ligand-binding assay was used to determine the presence of AbpA in culture supernatants as previously
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/11/7046 (5543 words)

	Identification and Characterization of a Nonimmunoglobulin Factor in Human Saliva That Inhibits Streptococcus mutans ...
		Identification of the GLU-binding salivary factor as a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein.
		Samples of GLU-binding salivary factor in loading buffer with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) (lanes 1 and 2) or without 2-mercaptoethanol (lanes 3 and 4) were boiled for 5 min (lanes 2 and 3) or not treated (lanes 1 and 4), analyzed by SDS-PAGE, and stained with either Coomassie blue (A) or Schiff's reagent (B).
		Salivary agglutinin, which binds Streptococcus mutans and Helicobacter pylori, is the lung scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein gp-340.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/3/1136 (4510 words)

	What is the difference between bacterial amylase and salivary amylase?
		What is the difference between bacterial amylase and salivary amylase?
		I understand that salivary amylase has an optimum pH of pH8 - due to the slight alkalinity of the saliva/ mouth.
		Re: What is the difference between bacterial amylase and salivary amylase?
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/nov2000/973793670.Bc.q.html (131 words)

	salivary amylase - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		We found 3 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word salivary amylase:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "salivary amylase" is defined.
		Salivary amylase : Discovering Nutrition: Interactive Glossary [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=salivary+amylase (80 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		59 : Q8I080_CRAGI 0.62 0.71 143 360 2 214 213 2 5 214 Q8I080 Alpha amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) (Fragment).
		70 : Q9U0F9_PENVA 0.62 0.71 7 473 23 489 464 4 6 489 Q9U0F9 Amylase I (EC 3.2.1.1) (Fragment).
		474 : Q7ZZK7_ORENI 0.32 0.31 89 173 1 85 85 0 0 85 Q7ZZK7 Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) (Fragment).
	srs.embl-heidelberg.de:8000 /srs5bin/cgi-bin/wgetz?-e+[HSSP-ID:'1nm9'] (7648 words)

	Passive Sorting in Maturing Granules of AtT-20 Cells: The Entry and Exit of Salivary Amylase and Proline-rich Protein ...
		Passive Sorting in Maturing Granules of AtT-20 Cells: The Entry and Exit of Salivary Amylase and Proline-rich Protein -- Castle et al.
		PRP (A) and amylase (B) from the chases are shown.
		Exocrine granule specific packaging signals are present in the polypeptide moiety of the pancreatic granule membrane protein GP2 and in amylase: implications for protein targeting to secretory granules.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/138/1/45 (6352 words)

	Human salivary {alpha}-amylase Trp58 situated at subsite -2 is critical for enzyme activity -- Ramasubbu et al. 271 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Human salivary {alpha}-amylase Trp58 situated at subsite -2 is critical for enzyme activity -- Ramasubbu et al.
		Ramasubbu, N., Ragunath, C. and Mishra, P.J. (2003) Probing the role of a mobile loop in substrate binding and enzyme activity of human salivary amylase.
		Mishra, P.J., Ragunath, C. and Ramasubbu, N. (2002) The mechanism of salivary amylase hydrolysis: role of residues at subsite S2'.
	content.febsjournal.org /cgi/content/full/271/12/2517 (6360 words)

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