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Topic: Salmonella enterica

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	Salmonella enterica* (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Salmonella surveillance activities depend upon the accuracy of serotype identification and are facilitated by standardized nomenclature.
		Salmonella nomenclature is complex, and in a constant state of flux.
		The nomenclature for the genus Salmonella has evolved from the initial one serotype-one species concept proposed by Kauffmann on the basis of the serologic identification of O (somatic) and H (flagellar) antigens.
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year2/mmid/bms5300/bugs/salenter.html (838 words)

	[No title]
		The evolutionary history of the GDP-mannose pathway in Salmonella enterica was studied via sequencing manB and manC genes from 13 representative strains for O antigens containing mannose and/or sugar derivatives of GDP-D-mannose.
		Salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is capable of causing disease in a range of hosts.
		Although human salmonellosis is frequently associated with consumption of contaminated poultry and eggs, and the serotypes Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum are important world-wide pathogens of poultry, little is understood of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of Salmonella in the chicken.
	www.lycos.com /info/salmonella--salmonella-enterica.html (871 words)

	Salmonella enterica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Salmonella enterica is a species of Salmonella bacterium.
		enterica, which often infects cattle, though also other animals such as domestic cats.
		However, investigations of vacuum cleaner bags have shown that households can act as a reservoir of the bacterium; this is more likely if the household has contact with an infection source, for example through members working with cattle or in a veterinary clinic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salmonella_typhi (198 words)

	Salmonella enterica -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Salmonella enterica is a species of (Rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; cause typhoid fever and food poisoning; can be used as a bioweapon) Salmonella ((microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered plants) bacterium.
		enterica, which often infects (Domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age) cattle, though also other animals such as domestic (Feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and being unable to roar; domestic cats; wildcats) cats.
		It causes the disease (Serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water) typhoid fever.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sa/salmonella_enterica.htm (293 words)

	[No title]
		Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is the most common Salmonella serotype in the United States, accounting for 29% of the approximately 30,000 laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections reported annually to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 1968 to 1998 (1).
		The incidence of Salmonella enterica strains resistant to the first-generation quinolone nalidixic acid is increasing.
		Salmonella typhimurium Induces Phosphorylation of Akt in Cultured Epithelial Cells-- The activation state of Akt in infected epithelial cells was initially investigated by determining its phosphorylation state.
	www.lycos.com /info/salmonella--salmonella-typhimurium.html (936 words)

	Salmonella Infections
		A salmonella infection is a foodborne illness caused by the salmonella bacteria carried by some animals, which can be transmitted on kitchen surfaces and in water, soil, animal feces, raw meats, and eggs.
		Hand washing is a powerful way to guard against salmonella infections, so it's essential to teach children to wash their hands, particularly after trips to the bathroom and before handling food in any way.
		Salmonella also can be spread through cross-contamination, so when you're preparing meals, try to keep uncooked meats away from cooked and ready-to-eat foods.
	kidshealth.org /parent/infections/bacterial_viral/salmonellosis.html (809 words)

	Salmonella
		Salmonella nomenclature has been controversial since the original taxonomy of the genus was not based on DNA relatedness, rather names were given according to clinical considerations, e.g., Salmonella typhi, Salmonella cholerae-suis, Salmonella abortus-ovis, and so on.
		Foodborne Salmonella toxic infections are caused by ubiquitous Salmonella serovars (e.g., Typhimurium).
		Salmonella strains should be systematically checked for antibiotic resistance to aid in the choice of an efficient drug when needed and to detect any change in antibiotic susceptibility of strains (either from animal or human source).
	textbookofbacteriology.net /salmonella.html (3611 words)

	Household contamination with Salmonella enterica - 1 - Dispatches Emerging Infectious Diseases - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Household contamination with Salmonella enterica increases when occupational exposure exists (cattle farms with known salmonellosis in cattle, a salmonella research laboratory, or a veterinary clinic experiencing an outbreak of salmonellosis).
		Salmonella organisms from all groups were found in household vacuum cleaner bags, except those from homes in which occupants had no contact with livestock or exposure to S. enterica (Table 1) in the workplace.
		All S. enterica isolates from households with known occupational exposure belonged to the serovar Typhimurium; as might be expected, given that all known contact exposures were with this serovar.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_1_9/ai_97116572?lstpn=article_results&lstpc=search&lstpr=external&lstprs=other&lstwid=1&lstwn=search_results&lstwp=body_middle (920 words)

	salmonella typhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.
		SYNONYME OU RENVOI : fiÃ¨vre typhoÃ¯de, fiÃ¨vre entÃ©rique, typhus abdominalis, Salmonella choleraesuis sÃ©rotype typhi, Salmonella enterica sÃ©rotype typhi...
		Typhoid fever is caused by the typhoid bacillus, Salmonella typhi.
	www.fishing-boating-11.com /6/salmonella-typhi.html (462 words)

	CDC - Household Contamination with Salmonella enterica
		enterica, especially for children, is not necessarily high (9-11), and circumstantial evidence exists for the acquisition of clinical infections from the household environment (1-3,12).
		A multistate outbreak of Salmonella javiana and Salmonella oranienburg infections due to consumption of contaminated cheese.
		Outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium gastroenteritis due to an imported strain resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a nursery.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol9no1/02-0214.htm (1944 words)

	Salmonella information
		There is a great deal of confusion over the naming of Salmonella strains (even the people who work on Salmonella are confused!) but in essence, the strains which we will deal with here are generally different serovars of Salmonella enterica.
		As their name suggests Salmonella enterica are involved in causing diseases of the intestines (enteric means pertaining to the intestine).
		Of course, not all of the Salmonella pass through the intestinal wall, and many of them are expelled from the intestine in the diarrhea.
	www.salmonella.org /info.html (873 words)

	Mosaic Structure of the smpB-nrdE Intergenic Region of Salmonella enterica -- Bäumler and Heffron 180 (8): 2220 -- ...
		Cloning and sequencing of the genes from Salmonella typhimurium encoding a new bacterial ribonucleotide reductase.
		A 40kb chromosomal fragment encoding Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes is absent from the corresponding region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome.
		Expression of the divergent tricarboxylate operon (tctI) of Salmonella typhimurium.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/180/8/2220 (2597 words)

	Indian Journal of Medical Research: Decreasing trends in the occurrence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi amongst ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A declining trend of hospitalization and identification of the pathogen was observed from 1992 to 2000 as compared to 1990-1991.
		During the period between 1990 to 1992 all the isolated strains of S. enterica serotype Typhi were uniformly (100%) resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline, however, during the subsequent period (1993 to 1997), 30-35 per cent strains regained susceptibility to these drugs.
		All the S. enterica serotype Typhi strains isolated during 1990-1999 were uniformly (100%) susceptible to ciprofloxacin and this drug became the drug of choice for MDR typhoid fever.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3867/is_200202/ai_n9034143 (1044 words)

	Salmonella - MicrobeWiki
		Salmonella typhi CT18 has a large circular chromosome consisting of 4.8 Mb and two plasmids, pHCM1 and pHCM2, that are 218 kb and 106 kb respectively.
		Salmonella bacteria are rod-shaped motile bacteria that possess flagella.
		Salmonella bacteria are very common on raw egg shells, in poultry, and red meat; it is also a natural part of the bacterial flora of reptiles and amphibians.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Salmonella (662 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION OF THE CROP IN THE DOMESTIC TURKEY: ...
		Citation: Johannsen, S.A., Griffith, R.W., Wesley, I.V., Scanes, C.G. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium colonization of the crop in the domestic turkey: influence of probiotic and prebiotic treatment (lactobacillus acidophilus and lactose).
		Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) infections are predominantly (~ 96%) caused by consumption of contaminated food, with poultry meat implicated as the primary source.
		We developed a model for ST colonization of the crop in the turkey, which uses ST administration by oral gavage prior to the period of subjective night, quantification of ST in the crop wall and ingesta together with immunohistochemistry of the crop wall.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=160953 (485 words)

	In Vivo Acquisition of Ceftriaxone Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serotype Anatum -- Su et al. 47 (2): 563 -- ...
		cephalosporins, in strains of Salmonella (7, 12, 32, 34).
		Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow with CTX-M-like ß-lactamase in Spain.
		enterica Serovar Newport and Escherichia coli in the Turkey Poult Intestinal Tract.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/47/2/563 (2738 words)

	Salmonella
		TINDALL (B.J.), GRIMONT (P.A.D.), GARRITY (G.M.) and EUZÉBY (J.P.): Nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus Salmonella.
		The epithet enterica in Salmonella enterica is conserved over all earlier epithets that may be applied to this species.
		2000 is a heterotypic synonym of ¤ Salmonella enterica subsp.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /s/salmonella.html (4545 words)

	Salmonella enterica serotype Uganda infection in New York City and Chicago Emerging Infectious Diseases - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Outbreaks associated with distinct strains of Salmonella enterica serotype Uganda, a rare serotype, occurred in New York City and Chicago during the summer of 2001.
		Salmonella enterica serotype Uganda (S. Uganda) is rarely isolated from humans in the United States.
		No Salmonella was isolated from samples of cooked carnitas, raw pork, the holding tray, or the serving tongs obtained from the Chicago grocery on August 24.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GVK/is_9_10/ai_n6211044 (955 words)

	Salmonella enterica Virulence Genes Are Required for Bacterial Attachment to Plant Tissue
		Salmonella enterica Virulence Genes Are Required for Bacterial Attachment to Plant Tissue.
		Numerous Salmonella enterica food-borne illness outbreaks have been associated with contaminated vegetables, in particular sprouted seeds, and the incidence of reported contamination has steadily risen.
		These results reveal that S. enterica genes important for virulence in animal systems are also required for colonization of plants, a secondary host that can serve as a vector of S. enterica from animal to animal.
	www.sproutnet.com /Research/salmonella_enterica_virulence_ge.htm (280 words)

	Salmonella nomenclature
		The genus Salmonella is included in the ¤ Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and it encompasses five species: Salmonella arizonae, Salmonella choleraesuis (type species of the genus), Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi and Salmonella typhimurium.
		Because Salmonella paratyphi is a contagious organism causing para-typhoid fever in humans, the authors requested an Opinion to include the specific epithet paratyphi (Salmonella paratyphi) in the list of epitheta specifica conservanda (conserved specific epithets in names of species of bacteria).
		TINDALL (B.J.), GRIMONT (P.A.D.), GARRITY (G.M.) and EUZEBY (J.P.): Nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus Salmonella.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /salmonellanom.html (3275 words)

	Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis Phage Type 4b Outbreak Associated with Bean Sprouts
		In November 2000 in the Netherlands, an outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage type 4b was investigated.
		Salmonella is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the Netherlands and is often implicated in foodborne outbreaks.
		Multinational outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infections due to contaminated sprouts.
	www.sproutnet.com /Research/salmonella_enterica_serotype_ent.htm (2508 words)

	Salmonellosis
		Salmonellosis refers to a group of infectious diseases caused by exposure to Salmonella bacteria.
		Salmonella bacteria can be found in milk and dairy products, eggs, poultry, and processed meats.
		Salmonella bacteria are killed by cooking food thoroughly.
	www.personalmd.com /healthtopics/crs/salmonel.htm (497 words)

	Identification of DT104 and U302 Phage Types among Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Isolates by PCR -- ...
		Epidemiological evaluation by PCR ribotyping of sporadic and outbreak-associated strains of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium.
		Amavisit, P., Boonyawiwat, W., Bangtrakulnont, A. Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Monophasic Salmonella Serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- Isolates in Thailand.
		Carattoli, A., Filetici, E., Villa, L., Dionisi, A. M., Ricci, A., Luzzi, I. Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Salmonella Genomic Island 1 in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated in Italy.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/38/9/3484 (1857 words)

	References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cloeckaert A, Schwarz S.Molecular characterization, spread and evolution of multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104.
		Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT 104 antibiotic resistance genomic island I in serotype Paratyphi B. Emerg Infect Dis.
		Fratamico PM.Tolerance to stress and ability of acid-adapted and non-acid-adapted Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 to invade and survive in mammalian cells in vitro.
	www.medscape.com /content/2004/00/48/26/482624/482624_ref.html (419 words)

	Salmonella spp.
		This strain was called Salmonella choleraesuis, the designation that is still used to describe the genus and species of this common human pathogen.
		Salmonella are a type of bacteria that causes typhoid fever and many other infections of intestinal origin.
		Mechanism: Salmonella bacteria live in the intestinal tracts of humans and birds, and are transmitted by the oral-fecal route.
	pathport.vbi.vt.edu /pathinfo/pathogens/Salmonella.html (3184 words)

	Bacteriology 102 - General Aspects and Nomenclature of Salmonella
		Salmonella is responsible for a major portion of the cases of gastroenteritis each year in the United States.
		However, the "handle" for any isolated strain of Salmonella is a further subdivision, the serovar – also known as serotype – a designation which reflects the testable antigenic makeup of the organism, involving the identification of the cell wall ("O") and flagellar ("H") antigens.
		In testing for the various H antigens possible in a culture of a Salmonella isolate, the antigens of the majority sub-population are initially detected by the use of individual, specific antibodies.
	www.splammo.net /bact102/102xsal.html (1968 words)

	Competitive Exclusion of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis by Lactobacillus crispatus and Clostridium ...
		Competitive Exclusion of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis by Lactobacillus crispatus and Clostridium lactatifermentans in a Sequencing Fed-Batch Culture -- van der Wielen et al.
		Inhibition of a glucose-limited sequencing fed-batch culture of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis by volatile fatty acids representative of the ceca of broiler chickens.
		Intracloacal Salmonella typhimurium infection of broiler chickens: reduction of colonization with anaerobic organisms and dietary lactose.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/2/555 (3230 words)

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