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Topic: Salmonella typhi

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	Salmonella enterica - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Salmonella enterica is a species of Salmonella bacterium.
		typhi) is the disease agent in typhoid fever.
		However, investigations of vacuum cleaner bags have shown that households can act as a reservoir of the bacterium; this is more likely if the household has contact with an infection source, for example through members working with cattle or in a veterinary clinic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salmonella_typhi (198 words)

	Salmonella - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria that causes typhoid fever, paratyphoid and foodborne illness.
		Salmonella was named after Daniel Elmer Salmon, an American veterinary pathologist who, together with Theobald Smith (better known for his work on anaphylaxis), first described the Salmonella bacterium in 1885 from pigs.
		Other salmonellae are frequent causes of foodborne illness, and can especially be caught from poultry and raw eggs and more generally from food that has been cooked or frozen, and not eaten straight away.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salmonella (327 words)

	FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book - Salmonella spp.
		typhi and the paratyphoid bacteria are normally caused septicemic and produce typhoid or typhoid-like fever in humans.
		The report on the outbreak of Salmonella from commercially prepared ice cream is found in MMWR 43(40):1994 Oct 14.
		Summaries of Salmonella outbreaks associated with Grade A eggs are reported in MMWR 37(32):1988 Aug 19 and MMWR 39(50):1990 Dec 21.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap1.html (1195 words)

	Salmonella (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Salmonellae are pathogenic because of their capacity to i) invade intestinal mucosa and ii) produce toxins.
		The genus is composed of Gram-negative bacilli that are facultative and flagellated (motile).
		Salmonellae possess 3 major antigens; the "H" or flagellar antigen (phase 1 and 2), the "O" or somatic antigen (part of the LPS moiety) and the "Vi" or capsular antigen (referred to as "K" in other Enterobacteriaceae).
	www.cehs.siu.edu /fix/medmicro/salmo.htm (670 words)

	Salmonella Symptoms and Risks: Food Borne Bacteria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Salmonella infections usually resolve in five to seven days, and many times require no treatment, unless the patient becomes severely dehydrated or the infection spreads from the intestines.
		Some Salmonella bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics, however, and this has occurred possibly as a result of the use of antibiotics to promote the growth of feed animals.
		Typically, nontyphoidal Salmonella produces a self-limiting febrile gastrointestinal illness that is indistinguishable from that caused by other bacterial enteric pathogens.
	www.about-salmonella.com /page3.htm (698 words)

	salmonella typhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi.
		SYNONYME OU RENVOI : fiÃ¨vre typhoÃ¯de, fiÃ¨vre entÃ©rique, typhus abdominalis, Salmonella choleraesuis sÃ©rotype typhi, Salmonella enterica sÃ©rotype typhi...
		Typhoid fever is caused by the typhoid bacillus, Salmonella typhi.
	www.fishing-boating-11.com /6/salmonella-typhi.html (462 words)

	Disease Listing, Salmonella enteritidis, Generall Information \| CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases
		Salmonella enteritidis silently infects the ovaries of healthy appearing hens and contaminates the eggs before the shells are formed.
		Most types of Salmonella live in the intestinal tracts of animals and birds and are transmitted to humans by contaminated foods of animal origin.
		The reason for this is that Salmonella enteritidis silently infects the ovaries of healthy appearing hens and contaminates the eggs before the shells are formed.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/salment_g.htm (1052 words)

	Salmonella typhi Sequencing Project
		Salmonella Typhi is a human-specific pathogen causing the systemic febrile illness typhoid fever.
		We have sequenced the prototype IncHI drug-resistance plasmid R27 from another Salmonella Typhi strain, and it is available from the public databases as well (accession number AF250878).
		Salmonella Typhi strain Ty2 has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and is available as ATCC 700931, both as a culture and as purified DNA from this strain.
	www.genome.wisc.edu /sequencing/sty2.htm (357 words)

	Salmonella enterica -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Salmonella enterica is a species of (Rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; cause typhoid fever and food poisoning; can be used as a bioweapon) Salmonella ((microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission; important as pathogens and for biochemical properties; taxonomy is difficult; often considered plants) bacterium.
		typhi) is the (Click link for more info and facts about disease agent) disease agent in (Serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water) typhoid fever.
		It causes the disease (Serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water) typhoid fever.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sa/salmonella_enterica.htm (299 words)

	NJDHSS, Communicable Disease Service: Typhoid Fever
		Typhoid fever is an illness caused by infection with the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
		Salmonella typhi is different from the other types of Salmonella (see Salmonellosis) that also cause illness in humans.
		In general, individuals infected with Salmonella typhi may return to work or school when their diarrhea has stopped, but they must be sure to carefully wash their hands after using the bathroom.
	www.state.nj.us /health/cd/f_typhoid.htm (673 words)

	Salmonella typhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		typhi is unique because it is only carried by humans.
		typhi from the gut lumen into the epithelium of the small intestine causes inflammation.
		typhi meaning the illness could return or be passed to others.
	www.users.fast.net /~esteckel/salmonella_typhi.htm (493 words)

	Disease Listing, Salmonellosis, General Information \| CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases
		Determining that Salmonella is the cause of the illness depends on laboratory tests that identify Salmonella in the stools of an infected person.
		Salmonella infections usually resolve in 5-7 days and often do not require treatment unless the patient becomes severely dehydrated or the infection spreads from the intestines.
		Salmonella may also be found in the feces of some pets, especially those with diarrhea, and people can become infected if they do not wash their hands after contact with these feces.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/salmonellosis_g.htm (1517 words)

	Indian Journal of Medical Research: Occurrence of Salmonella typhi infection in Rourkela, Orissa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Occurrence of Salmonella typhi infection in Rourkela, Orissa
		Between January 1996 and December 1998, the isolation race of Salmonella typhi in Rourkela was found to be on a steady rise.
		In this retrospective study, the incidence of S. typhi infection in Rourkela, western Orissa was studied for the period January 1996 to December 1998.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3867/is_200003/ai_n8888442 (903 words)

	Salmonella: News, Lawyers, Outbreaks and Resources
		Salmonella is one of the most common enteric (intestinal) infections in the U.S. In some states (e.g.
		Salmonella is a type of bacteria that causes typhoid fever and many other infections of intestinal origin.
		This strain was called Salmonella choleraesuis, the designation that is still used to describe the genus and species of this common human pathogen.
	www.about-salmonella.com (252 words)

	eMedicine - Typhoid Fever : Article by Roberto Corales, DO
		Salmonellae are grouped based on the somatic O antigen and further divided into serotypes based on flagellar H and surface Vi (virulence) antigens.
		Caused by S typhi and occurring only in humans, typhoid fever is a severe multisystemic illness characterized by the classic prolonged fever, sustained bacteremia without endothelial or endocardial involvement, and bacterial invasion of and multiplication within the mononuclear phagocytic cells of the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and Peyer patches.
		Blaser MJ, Hickman FW, Farmer JJ 3rd, et al: Salmonella typhi: the laboratory as a reservoir of infection.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2331.htm (7623 words)

	Indian Journal of Medical Research: Change in antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella Typhi in central India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Methods: A total of 54 isolates of Salmonella were recovered from 1468 blood samples of patients suspected to have enteric fever and admitted in the Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur.
		Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella Typhi had.been responsible for numerous outbreaks of typhoid fever worldwide including India1-7, in the last decade and MDR S. Typhi is now considered a major public health problem in India.
		A total of 54 isolates of Salmonella recovered from 1468 blood samples of patients suspected to have enteric fever admitted in the Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur from January 2000 to September 2001, were characterised.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3867/is_200206/ai_n9094113 (1373 words)

	eMedicine - Salmonellosis : Article by Michael Zapor, MD, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Virulence factors of salmonellae are complex and encoded both on the organism's chromosome and on large (34-120 kd) plasmids.
		Pulmonary: Salmonella pneumonia or empyema is rare in the absence of comorbid illnesses such as underlying lung disease, malignancy, diabetes, sickle cell anemia, or alcohol abuse.
		In cases of typhoid fever, S typhi or S paratyphi may be isolated from stool, urine, or rose spot biopsy and from gastric or intestinal secretions, although blood and bone marrow aspirates have the highest yields.
	www.emedicine.com /MED/topic2058.htm (3237 words)

	Sacroiliitis due to salmonella typhi:
		Localized salmonella infection of bone and joints account for less than 1% of all salmonella infections, which are especially likely to occur in patients with sickle-cell hemoglobinopathies, systemic lupus erythematosis, and in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.
		typhi that was sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole, while the organism in the second was resistant to these antibiotics and was only sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime.
		typhi resistant to multiple antibiotics has now spread all over the world, has become endemic in many developing countries and is being increasingly reported in many developed countries.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/173/96-202.html (1596 words)

	Salmonella nomenclature
		Because Salmonella paratyphi is a contagious organism causing para-typhoid fever in humans, the authors requested an Opinion to include the specific epithet paratyphi (Salmonella paratyphi) in the list of epitheta specifica conservanda (conserved specific epithets in names of species of bacteria).
		These proposals were made because Salmonella typhi causes the typhoid fever and Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium are important human and animal pathogens (see, Rule 56a(5) Note 1).
		TINDALL (B.J.), GRIMONT (P.A.D.), GARRITY (G.M.) and EUZEBY (J.P.): Nomenclature and taxonomy of the genus Salmonella.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /salmonellanom.html (3264 words)

	Salmonella
		There are more than 2000 Salmonella serotypes, based on cell wall "O" and flagellar "H" antigens (see Escherichia coli).
		typhi and the paratyphoid bacteria cause typhoid or typhoid-like fever in humans.
		Pathogenic salmonellae ingested in food survive passage through the gastric acid barrier and invade the mucosa of the small and large intestine and produce toxins.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /video/Salmonella.html (531 words)

	Typhoid fever
		Typhoid fever is a severe infection caused by a bacterium, Salmonella typhi.
		typhi is in the same family of bacteria as the type spread by chicken and eggs, commonly known as "salmonella poisoning," or food poisoning.
		typhi must be treated even when they do not show any symptoms of the infection, because carriers are responsible for the majority of new cases of typhoid fever.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/typhoid_fever.jsp (1240 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Typhoid fever
		Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection characterized by diarrhea, systemic disease, and a rash -- most commonly caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.
		Salmonella may directly infect the gallbladder through the hepatic duct or spread to other areas of the body through the bloodstream.
		typhi and continue to shed the bacteria in their feces for years, spreading the disease, as in the case of "Typhoid Mary" in New York over 100 years ago.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001332.htm (677 words)

	Untitled Document
		Salmonella typhi and paratyphi (as well as Shigella) are strictly human pathogens and domestic animals play no role in the epidemiology of these infections (although non-human primates may be infected and serve as a source for their handlers).
		(Salmonella enterica) are ubiquitously present in the environment and reside in the GI tracts of animals.
		Salmonella typhimurium from undercooked meats or fecal contamination of a variety of foods.
	www.vetmed.wisc.edu /pbs/zoonoses/GIk9fel/salmonella.html (778 words)

	Salmonella information
		There is a great deal of confusion over the naming of Salmonella strains (even the people who work on Salmonella are confused!) but in essence, the strains which we will deal with here are generally different serovars of Salmonella enterica.
		As their name suggests Salmonella enterica are involved in causing diseases of the intestines (enteric means pertaining to the intestine).
		Of course, not all of the Salmonella pass through the intestinal wall, and many of them are expelled from the intestine in the diarrhea.
	www.salmonella.org /info.html (873 words)

	The serodiagnosis of infection with Salmonella typhi -- Chart et al. 53 (11): 851 -- Journal of Clinical Pathology
		The serodiagnosis of infection with Salmonella typhi -- Chart et al.
		Serological response of patients infected with Salmonella typhi.
		Bhatnagar SS, Speechly CGJ, Singh M. A Vi variant of Salmonella typhi and its application to the serology of typhoid fever.
	jcp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/53/11/851 (1956 words)

	Salmonella typhi bacteremia and HIV infection with common iliac artery occlusion.
		Salmonella typhi bacteremia and HIV infection with common iliac artery occlusion.
		In spite of the prevalence and public health importance of Salmonella typhi in developing countries, an association between HIV and S. typhi has not been well documented.
		This report describes the co-occurrence of HIV and S. typhi infections in a young Zimbabwean woman.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1994/dec/m94c0477.html (337 words)

	Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Typhoid Fever Patients
		Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 86 positive blood cultures for salmonella Typhi and their antibiograms in Razi during 3 years (1377-1380) and distribution of cases during this time were studied.
		Results: The results showed that Multi drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi was rare (1 case resistant to Ceftizoxime, Trimetoprim Sulfamethoxazol and Amoxicillin) and distribution of disease was sporadic.
		Conclusion: MDR Salmonella Typhi in this area is rare and physicians can use first line Antibiotics such as Trimethoprim Sulfamethxazol, Chloramphenicol and if being sensitive, Ampicillin and Amoxicillin for treatment of typhoid fever patients.
	www.gums.ac.ir /magazin/44/abstract81wi_8.htm (217 words)

	Salmonella typhi*
		It is strictly a human pathogen and is spread by the fecal-oral route by asymptomatic carriers who seem to have a predilection for the food industry from where they can infect hundreds of people.
		The identification of the Enterobacteriaceae is complicated and involves a large number of tests.
		Of primary importance is the fermentation of lactose, which Escherichia and Klebsiellae can accomplish, but which Shigella, Salmonella, and Proteus cannot.
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year2/mmid/bms5300/bugs/saltyphi.html (269 words)

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