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	Salt Satyagraha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Scenes on the eve of the Salt Satyagraha, Gandhi's famous 240 mile march on foot to the sea at Dandi.
		The Salt Satyagraha, also known as the Salt March to Dandi, was an act of protest against the British salt tax in Colonial India.
		In Peshawar the satyagraha was led by a Muslim Pashto disciple of Gandhi's, Ghaffar Khan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salt_Satyagraha (1441 words)

	King Encyclopedia
		Satyagraha, he declared, "is pledged to nonviolence, and, unless people observe it in thought, word and deed, I cannot offer mass Satyagraha."
		The first step in the national disobedience campaign was to oppose the Salt Laws, laws which made it illegal to prepare salt from sea-water because it would deny the British co lonial government its tax.
		The Salt Laws satyagraha was an example of an effective nonviolent campaign that was not based on vengeance.
	www.stanford.edu /group/King/about_king/encyclopedia/gandhi.htm (1214 words)

	Kurlansky reviews tantalize with historical, cultural tidbits
		Kurlansky proposes was the gabelle in France, a salt tax that by the mid-17th century was a leading source of state income; violations of this tax law led to thousands of deaths and imprisonments.
		"Salt is a chemical term for a substance created by the reaction of an acid with a base," the author tells us, triggering memories of the deadly boredom, measured in hours, that was the lab science survey course experience.
		Salt is a fun book, and while you may learn a lot, you won't find the answers to those pesky health issues here.
	www.saltinstitute.org /kurlansky.html (3113 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In Gandhi’s words, “There is no article like salt outside water by taxing which the State can reach even the starving millions and the utterly helpless.” India had never had to import salt before, but the British government dumped Liverpool salt in India, monopolized salt manufacture and stifled local industry through heavy taxation.
		The Romance of Salt traces the genesis of the Dandi March to the appointment of the Simon Commission, takes readers through the events preceding the march, and gives an account of the march, the breaking of the salt laws and the raids on the government salt works at Dharasana and Wadala.
		Salt was probably the first commodity ever to be taxed, writes Dharker, referring to the Chinese emperor Hsia Yu’s salt tax in 2200 BC.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1050729/asp/opinion/story_5032305.asp (563 words)

	Satyagraha
		Satyagraha is a term at the centre of Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence.
		Satyagraha is as far away from passive resistance as the North Pole is from the South Pole.
		Satyagraha is also referred to as the power of the soul, because the certainty of an inherent soul is necessary, if the Satyagraha is to believe that death does not mean the end but the summit of the fight.
	www.dadalos.org /int/Vorbilder/vorbilder/Gandhi/satyagraha.htm (477 words)

	Salt Satyagraha & First Round Table Conference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The possession and trading of smuggled salt (natural salt or salt earth) was also illegal.
		The Salt Satyagraha had demonstrated to the world the almost flawless use of a new instrument of peaceful militancy.
		The conference broke up on January 19, 1931, and what emerged from it was a general agreement to write safeguards for minorities into the constitution and a vague desire to devise a federal system for the country.
	www.indhistory.com /salt-satyagraha.html (1280 words)

	Defiance Of Salt Tax
		During 1914-25, thirty-five per cent of the salt requirement of India was met by the government manufactures; thirty per cent was imported and the rest thirty-five per cent was manufactured by licences subject to a payment of exercise.
		By calling on the people to pick up salt from the earth or distil it from the sea as their natural right, Gandhi seemed to be rallying the forces of nature on his side.
		He believed that by breaking the salt law, he would be able to demonstrate even to the poorest that Civil Disobedience had been started with a view to helping them and it was intended to be their popular movement.
	www.mkgandhi-sarvodaya.org /civil_dis/salt_tax.htm (5811 words)

	Rediff On The NeT: Farmers go on satyagraha as Goa bans non-iodised salt
		The satyagraha was in protest against this decision, implemented as per the outlines issued by the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorder, courtesy WHO and UNICEF.
		A large quantity of salt is used as a fertiliser.
		Though the agricultural land development panel was appointed in 1988 after a violent agitation by salt farmers, its recommendations concerning the upgradation of the salt industry have not yet been implemented.
	www.rediff.com /news/aug/18salt.htm (458 words)

	Gandhiji -The Leader of India
		Manufacturing salt from sea- water was the monopoly of the Government.
		By breaking the Salt Law Gandhiji desired to show that the Indians were a free nation.
		Satyagraha', and was different from the previous mass Satyagrahas.
	www.freeindia.org /biographies/freedomfighters/gandhiji/page12.htm (791 words)

	The March to Dandi
		Moreso than in more temperate climates, salt was invaluable to the people of India, many of whom were agricultural laborers and required the mineral for metabolism in an environment of immense heat and humidity where sweating was profuse.
		Choosing the salt tax as an injustice to the people of India was considered an ingenious choice by critic Judith Brown (1977) because every peasant and every aristocrat understood the necessity of salt in everyday life (Copley 46-8).
		This period is to be considered the apex of Gandhi's political appeal, as the march mobilized many new follwers from all of Indian society and the march came to the world's attention.
	www.english.emory.edu /Bahri/Dandi.html (1074 words)

	Daily Mirror Online : Front Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		After the salt crop reaches the appropriate thickness, the salt is harvested, washed, and placed on stockpile to drain.
		Clean brine, made by dissolving fine salt, is used to wash the salt to remove small amounts of impurities such as magnesium sulfate.
		Iodization of salt dates back to the research by David Marine (1880-1976), the "father" of iodized salt, and the launching of a program to combat iodine deficiency by the Michigan State Medical Society, in 1924.
	www.dailymirror.lk /2003/09/06/frontpage/1.html (422 words)

	Asia Times Online :: South Asia news, business and economy from India and Pakistan
		The Mahatma's seemingly innocuous protest march, the salt satyagraha (satyagraha meaning "holding fast to the truth") began from his headquarters at Sabarmati Ashram with 78 volunteers and reached Dandi beach on April 6, 1930.
		The salt satyagraha was the first of the nationwide non-violent civil disobedience movement that Mahatma Gandhi successfully waged against British rule.
		Modern day salt taxes or not, the basic idea of the 75th salt satyagraha anniversary march, said the Mahatma's grandson, is to give the world a chance to "find Bapu for themselves".
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/GC23Df03.html (1143 words)

	A Pinch Of Salt Rocks On Empire
		Twenty-four years earlier, in South Africa, where he was then living, his Satyagraha had forced the government to repeal the law forcing Indians in the Transvaal to register themselves and carry certificates bearing their finger prints to prove that they had the right to live in the country.
		The necessary consequence of salt monopoly is the destruction, that is closing down, of salt works in thousands of places where the poor people manufactured their own salt.
		They then turned their attention to the salt pans downstairs, but a party of a hundred volunteers had formed a circle round the pans and the cordon could be broken only after repeated charges.
	www.mkgandhi.org /apinchofsalt/Chap01.htm (13723 words)

	History, History of Kerala, Business services, services, business directory, products, Kerala search, Kerala Portals, ...
		When Satyagraha entered the twentieth month, the temple roads, except the one on the eastern side, were opened to all people and the Vaikom Satyagraha ended.
		As there was no salt satyagraha in native States, freedom fighters from Cochin and Travancore went outside the States and broke salt law in British Indian provinces and were imprisoned.
		Uppu Satyagraha (Salt Satyagraha) of 1930, Quit India Movement, Khadi Propagation are some of the activities that brought Payyanur to the national arena.
	www.kerals.com /kerala/freedom.htm (1839 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Books
		The first half describes in considerable detail Gandhi’s Salt Satyagraha of 1930, popularly known as the Dandi March, and the second half digs into history, mythology, art, literature, folklore and also salt making in modern times to complete the tale of the uncommon role common salt has played in the history of mankind.
		When Gandhi chose salt as his weapon, the decision was received with derision by the British-owned English Press in India as well as the media in Britain.
		When Gandhi scooped the first lump of salt at Dandi, he became the first lawbreaker and was joined by hundreds of thousands of lawbreakers throughout the country.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2005/20050626/spectrum/book2.htm (730 words)

	Daily news updation from CA in INDIA.ORG, a complete encylopedia for Chartered Accountants of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gandhi's salt satyagraha may soon be enacted by the Indian Salt Manufacturers' Association (ISMA) against the implementation of value-added tax (VAT) in its sector.
		They say, ``processed salt is the result of removing all impurities such as mud, clay and sand from raw, unprocessed salt and fortifying it with iodine.
		Meanwhile, ISMA argues, ``Unprocessed salt is largely non-iodised and the differentiation in the tax structures, giving a fillip to the former, is contrary to the efforts of the iodisation programmes.
	www.cainindia.org /news3/3-4-3-7.htm (531 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Nation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This has crippled the over 100-year-old salt works and affected the livelihood of 10,000 families dependent on various stages of the salt-making process.
		The salt pans along this narrow coastal stretch running towards Point Calimere (or Kodiyakkarai, which is Tamil for land’s end) are rich not only in salt but in history as they are associated with Mahatma Gandhi’s salt satyagraha.
		He took the villagers to the sea shore in defiance of the repressive salt law while C. Rajagopalachari led a salt satyagraha march to Vedaranyam.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1050110/asp/nation/story_4235014.asp (636 words)

	The Age of Gandhi - Topic 4 - Satyagraha as Practice
		In theory and in principle Satyagraha was not an alternative to war, but a method of conflict resolution.
		At all levels satyagraha involved discipline, both external and internal, of an almost military kind from satyagrahis and organisers.
		Satyagraha in practice: Satyagraha was supposed to resolve conflict by means of conversion rather than coercion.
	www-personal.une.edu.au /~hbrasted/gandhi/untuts04.html (481 words)

	GOANEWS - BY SANDESH PRABHUDESAI
		Deputy chief minister Wilfred de Souza, who insists on use of iodised salt based on the sample survey of 133 people, however admits that no figures of yearwise iodine deficiency of last five years are available while no systematic study of living conditions and eating habits of Goans is also carried.
		Goa, which is one of the few states left with ban on non-iodises salt, has still not fully digested the WHO theory of consuming iodised salt and most of the people still use traditional salt.
		Goan salt had been considered to be of the best quality and was exported to several African and Arabian countries during post-Medieval period.
	www.goanews.com /17aug97.htm (516 words)

	Options for Teaching on Gandhi and King
		It would be useful for students first to clearly understand that satyagraha is not the same as pacifism; it is not violent, but it is "war by other means." A discussion on this issue might help clarify the meaning of satyagraha.
		Satyagraha (pronounced sut-yaah-gra-huh) is a compound Sanskrit term devised by Gandhi, and a complex concept.
		Satyagrahas are events using the generic satyagraha; thus, what is generally referred to as the Salt March in this country is more commonly called the Salt Satyagraha in India.
	www.infinityfoundation.com /mandala/s_es/s_es_black_EAA.htm (5030 words)

	TamilNet: 12.04.03 An enterprise worth its salt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		There was a large salt pan west of Batticaloa town during the Dutch and early British periods.
		The only saltern in the northeast to survive the war was the one in Mannar town now called Mathai Salt Ltd. On paper all the salterns in the northeast today come under the administration of Manthai Salt.
		Under this program, the Mannar saltern was divested and reconstituted as Manthai Salt Ltd. As the PERC could not supervise the privatisation of all the salterns in the northeast, these were brought under Manthai Salt Ltd in 1990.
	www.tamilnet.com /art.html?catid=79&artid=8713 (911 words)

	4-Patents: National "No-Patent Marches" launched in India
		The National Call for Bija Satyagraha was made at the sculpture of Gandhiji and eleven murtis at Sardar Patel Road and Wellington Crescent Road at 12:45 hrs.
		Vandana Shiva who joined the Bija Satyagraha launch just in time having been delayed due to a car breakdown on her way from Patala village said, "The Bija Satyagraha is an expression of the collective will of the people of India to defend their biodiversity, their knowledge and their food security.
		Just as Gandhiji had made salt at Dandi to announce non-cooperation with the unjust British Salt Laws, the Bija Satyagraha is an announcement of people's non-cooperation with the unjust patent laws that make seed saving by farmers a crime and selling of sterile and hazardous genetically engineered seeds as rights of corporations.
	www.gene.ch /genet/1999/Mar/msg00028.html (609 words)

	Welcome to Dandi Gaam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As a result, “Dandi Salt Satyagraha Memorial Trust” was founded under the chairmanship of Shri Rajmohan Gandhi (grand son of Mahatma Gandhi) with the aim to present Gandhi ideals to the community world-wide with developing projects such as Gandhi Research Centre, Publication and Library, Exhibition Centre, Light and Sound programme, Prayer/Meditation hall and Garden.
		To convey and spread the message of the life of Gandhiji and the likes, it is proposed to build a monument in memory of the world famous “Dandi Salt March” at the entrance of the historic village of Dandi.
		The board of Trustees of the Dandi Salt Satyagraha Memorial Trust look forward to the whole hearted support from the Central and State Government of India, International Institutions and Gandhi lovers from the global community for extending the ideals and values of our great son Mahatma Gandhi.
	www.mandhata.org /dandiweb/dandiweb/satya.htm (316 words)

	Declaration of Complete Independence
		The salt tax, though relatively light in incidence, hit the poorest in the land.
		Events were to show that those who had scoffed at Salt Satyagraha and failed to see any connection between salt and swaraj (independence) had underrated Gandhi’s knack for organizing the Indian masses for corporate action.
		The Satyagraha campaign was extended by the Congress to include breach of salt as well as forest laws, the non-payment of taxes and the boycott of foreign cloth, banks and shipping.
	www.mahatmagandhiji.com /bio/declratn.htm (534 words)

	Civil Disobedience Complete Information Of Dandi March
		But it was clearly laid down that the salt satyagraha should be undertaken in every province when it was possible.
		He indeed had no doubt in his mind that the salt tax stood abolished the very moment that the decision to break that salt laws was reached.
		Gandhi and his volunteers broke the salt laws at 8-30 A.M. on 6 April 1930 by taking a lump of natural salt which was deposited in a small pit.
	www.mkgandhi-sarvodaya.org /civil_dis/dandi_march.htm (4974 words)

	Salt satyagraha and Muslims, The Milli Gazette, Vol.6 No.09, MG127 (1-15 May 05)
		It is beyond any doubt that Muslims participated in the Salt Satyagraha with same esthusiasm and zeal which they exhibited in other stages of the freedom struggle.
		It is also notable that when in the course of setting out for Satyagraha at Dharasana (Gujarat) on 5 May, 1930, Gandhiji was arrested, the Satyagraha was led by Abbas Tayyabji, a prominent Muslim of Mumbai, and he too was arrested.
		Muslim participation in all these phases of the Salt Satyagraha is established by the historical records.
	www.milligazette.com /Archives/2005/01-15May05-Print-Edition/011505200551.htm (958 words)

	J. Sri Raman \| Mahatma's Forgotten March
		The farce is that many of those celebrating the 75th anniversary of the event cannot be further from an awareness of its spirit and significance.
		The 60-year-old leader had chosen the British salt law as a symbol of colonial oppression and injustice.
		Talking of a "fistful of salt" as the symbol of India's freedom, in a statement during the march, Gandhi told the people: "Let the fist be broken, but let not the precious salt be surrendered." He tried to teach the people that guns cold be answered with their grim resolve.
	www.truthout.org /docs_2005/printer_040505M.shtml (850 words)

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