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	The Salt Marsh
		Salt marshes of the southeastern coast occur in shallow areas between the barrier islands and the mainland and are flooded by tides twice daily.
		The levee and low marshes are well populated with mud fiddler crabs, purple marsh crabs (squarebacked crabs), oysters, ribbed mussels, polychaete worms, periwinkle snails, and two kinds of fl marsh snails (the mud snail and the smaller coffee bean snail).
		Salt meadow cordgrass is the predominant plant in the marshes of the New England and Middle Atlantic states, while the smooth cordgrass dominates the southern marshes.
	www.uga.edu /aquarium/nature/marsh.html (967 words)

	Salt Marshes
		Salt marsh plants cannot grow where waves are strong, but they thrive along low-energy coasts.
		Salt marshes are composed of a variety of plants: rushes, sedges, and grasses.
		Hidden within the tangle of salt marsh plants are animals in various stages of life.
	www.dep.state.fl.us /coastal/habitats/saltmarshes.htm (955 words)

	RI Salt Marshes
		Rhode Island salt marshes are found along the shores of salt ponds, the Narragansett Bay estuary, small embayments (such as Allin's Cove in Barrington), and estuarine rivers (such as the Narrow River estuary).
		Marsh resident fish species, such as killifish (Fundulus spp.) spawn in concert with the tidal cycle, timing their spawning activity to coincide with the highest Spring tides, due ensure deposition of eggs in the highest portion of the marsh (Taylor et.
		The typical vegetation of a salt marsh (smooth cordgrass and salt hay grasses) are a beautiful green in the summer and interspersed with purple sea lavender.
	www.edc.uri.edu /restoration/html/intro/salt.htm (2056 words)

	Salt Marshes
		Salt water marshes occur in places where the land meets the sea, such as barrier islands and other coastal areas.
		Their salinity, or salt content, varies depending upon whether they are located right on the ocean or further upstream in the estuary or sound.
		The vegetation of the salt marsh also provides shelter from predators, especially for young animals who use the salt marsh as a nursery.
	mbgnet.mobot.org /salt/sandy/saltmarsh.htm (168 words)

	Discover the Salt Marsh
		Salt marshes are disappearing at an alarming rate due to a number of reasons.
		A salt marsh is thus a place where the land meets the sea, created through tidal action over a span of hundreds of years.
		A healthy marsh maintains a delicate balance between salt water and fresh water, especially further inland where a salt marsh may merge with a brackish area or a freshwater swamp.
	www.oceaninn.com /guides/marsh.htm (1148 words)

	Salt Marsh Vegetation
		Acting as a giant sponge, the salt marsh absorbs large volumes of water, thus minimizing the impacts of flooding and erosion and recharging groundwater.
		They concentrate salt ions in their roots, so that the salt concentration is greater there than in the surrounding soil, and water flows into the roots.
		Salt marsh plants must also be tolerant of continual submergence and the resulting low oxygen level.
	www.humboldt.edu /~ere_dept/marsh/saltveg.html (841 words)

	Salt Marsh
		Marshes are part of a larger category of wetlands: partially or periodically submerged lands where the water table is near or above the soil surface.
		Tidal marshes are affected by Spring-Neap tidal cycles, with the landward extent of the marsh determined by the highest high tides occurring in the spring part of the cycle.
		Note that the distribution of salt marsh mussels (Guekensia demissa) is largely restricted to the root mats between the stems of marsh vegetation (try to get one out with your fingers!), but empty shells and shell fragments are found on the marsh surface.
	www.uwf.edu /rsnyder/ffnwf/salmars/sltmars.html (972 words)

	EAC \| Salt Marsh Restoration Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Salt marshes are amongst the most biologically productive ecosystems in the world (similar to rainforests and tropical mangrove forests).
		Found in protected bays and estuaries, and along the shores of tidal rivers, salt marshes serve as a transition zone between the land and sea.
		Recognizable for their characteristic plants, cordgrass in the lower marsh and salt meadow hay in the high marsh, salt marshes have the appearance of a grassy meadow complete with creeks and ponds (pannes).
	www.ecologyaction.ca /EAC_WEB_1/PROJECTS/salt_marsh/SaltMarsh.shtml (104 words)

	DYNAMICS OF THE SALT MARSH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Salt marshes are transitional areas between land and water, occurring along the intertidal shore of estuaries and sounds where salinity (salt content) ranges from near ocean strength to near fresh in upriver marshes.
		Because salt marshes in South Carolina are influenced by the twice daily rise and fall of tides, they are subject to rapid changes in salinity, temperature and water depth.
		This high marsh area grades into a marsh-upland border which is a transitional zone between the salt marsh and the maritime shrub community that consists of wax myrtle, yaupon and cedar.
	water.dnr.state.sc.us /marine/pub/seascience/dynamic.html (2719 words)

	Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, and Habitats - Estuaries and Salt Marshes
		Nearctica - Ecology - Biogeography - Biomes, Ecoregions, and Habitats - Estuaries and Salt Marshes
		Salt marshes are particularly important because they are among the most productive habitats on earth and are home to a wealth of plant and wildlife species.
		Salt marshes are technically wetlands, but are included here because they are a dominant component of many estuaries.
	www.nearctica.com /ecology/habitats/estuary.htm (581 words)

	From Rainforest to Grassland, Salt Marsh
		In a salt marsh, the land and plant community are partially submerged at high tide, but the plants are generally out-of-water at low tide.
		For example, the part of the marsh closest to shore may not be completely inundated by tides and the plants may be exposed to relatively low levels of salts.
		In the central part of the salt marsh, which is covered by salt water for part of each day but exposed for the rest of the day, the evaporation of water in the soil leads to the build-up of high salt levels.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~wsherb/edpages/raingrass/saltmarsh.html (410 words)

	Salt Marsh Habitats
		The zonation of the various grass species which form the basis of the salt marsh community is highly dependent on each species' tolerance to inundation (partial submergence) by salt water.
		Salt marshes replace mangroves as the dominant wetland vegetation type in the northern part of the lagoon - dominating from Daytona Beach northward.
		The salt marsh is home to a variety of animal species, including the American alligator and the endangered Atlantic saltmarsh snake.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/BotanicalSciences/MostThreatened/SaltMarsh/SaltMarsh.htm (1060 words)

	Coastal Salt Marsh
		Coastal salt marsh, also termed tidal salt marsh, is the dominant, mostly herbaceous vegetation of seacoast mudflats, especially outside the tropics and subtropics, including around estuaries of all sizes, coastal plain, and deltas, and characterizing vegetation along huge bays, inlets, and fjords in subpolar and polar zones.
		Most of the water for plant growth comes from seawater in the lower salt marsh, but the upper marsh is often heavily influenced either by abundant freshwater from the land drainage and flooding or the occasional catastrophic storms that floods the entire marsh with seawater.
		Zones of a salt marsh that are regularly inundated by tides tend to have lower salinity in the soil than zones in which the rate of evaporation is very high.
	www.botgard.ucla.edu /html/botanytextbooks/worldvegetation/marinewetlands/saltmarsh/fulltextonly.html (879 words)

	Marshes of the Lowcountry -- South Carolina
		Spartina grass species (cord grass, salt marsh cord grass, and marram) are by far the dominant plant life in salt water marshes (which are wetlands, like swamps; in swamps, trees and bushes are most common, however).
		Using photosynthesis, marsh grasses convert vast amounts of solar energy into plant tissue; as the grasses die, large nutrient loads are released into adjacent estuarine waters." These organic nutrients (ten tons per year) go on to feed perhaps 95% of the fish, shrimp and shellfish harvested in our ocean sounds and high seas.
		Other elements in the "bouquet" of marsh air are saltwater (a mixture of simple table salt, magnesium, epsom, calcium, potassium, and lime), chlorophyll from the marsh grass, and decaying plants and animals.
	www.co.beaufort.sc.us /bftlib/marshes.htm (777 words)

	Coastal Salt Marshes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In general, salt marshes along the Northern California coast have a relatively low salinity because of substantial river runoff, whereas those along the southern coast, where there are fewer rivers and less runoff, are of higher salinity.
		Stout stems, small leaves, and physiological adaptations for salt excretion and gas exchange characterize the inhabitants of the salt marsh, which are mostly grasses and low perennial herbs.
		Salt marshes are about twice as photo-synthetically productive as corn fields and provide critical nursery grounds for numerous organisms.
	ceres.ca.gov /ceres/calweb/coastal/plants/smarsh.html (326 words)

	Spartina Salt Marshes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		West Meadow Creek in Winter, North Shore of Long Island NY Spartina salt marshes are broad nearly level meadows dominated by several species of grasses that are tolerant of salt and anoxic sediment.
		A salt marsh is "born" by the arrival of a seed or the rafting of a plant of the cord grass Spartina alterniflora.
		Salt pans are stable states, unless a heavy rain occurs that can dissolve the salt and allow seeds to germinate.
	life.bio.sunysb.edu /marinebio/spartina.html (1268 words)

	Coastal salt marsh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Salt marshes are usually areas of high productivity, and are very important as nurseries for many species of marine fishes, as well as important feeding grounds for birds, and are home to a wide variety of invertebrates.
		These plants store salt in their tissues, so they can continue to move water into their tissues even though they are rooted in saline soil.
		With the pickleweeds are salt grass, Distichlis spicata, and sea blite, Suaeda californica.
	www.lalc.k12.ca.us /uclasp/local_habitats/habitats/coastal.html (263 words)

	Salt Marsh Communities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Bertness, M. The ecology of a New England salt marsh.
		Redfield, A. Development of a New England salt marsh.
		Teal, J. Energy flow in the salt marsh ecosystem of Georgia.
	life.bio.sunysb.edu /marinebio/saltmarsh.html (82 words)

	Salt Marsh
		The marsh is a flat expanse of coastal land that is washed by tidal waters and supports salt-tolerant grasses and other plants commonly referred to as halophytes.
		Salt marshes are among the world's most productive habitats and comprise much of the Reserve.
		Salt marsh is divided into three levels: mudflat, mid-marsh and high or upper marsh.
	www.tijuanaestuary.com /salt.asp (401 words)

	Salt Marsh Microbes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Salt marshes are dynamic environments, having complex zonation and community structure governed by changes in salinity, water level, and temperature.
		In salt marsh sediments, nitrogen and sulfur cycles influence all of the salt marsh biogeochemical cycles, while sulfate reduction dominates decomposition.
		Salt marshes continue to be important models for basic microbiological and biogeochemical research.
	stahl.ce.washington.edu /projects/whatwedoanne.html (219 words)

	Salt Marsh Plant Study
		Salt marshes serve as buffers, protecting the shorelines from erosion by absorbing and dissipating the force of waves.
		Salt marshes are one of the most important ecosystems in the Chesapeake Bay.
		Therefore, 90 percent (Silberhorn, p.8) of the salt marsh is inhabited by Spartina alterniflora, a plant accustomed to high salinity and heavy wave action.
	www.qacps.k12.md.us /cms/sci/PROJSBMR.HTM (5900 words)

	Salt Marshes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Salt marshes are estuarine systems with emergent vegetation.
		Salt marshes are extremely productive communities, however they are not very diverse.
		The inner marsh zone, which is flooded most of the time, is composed almost entirely of grasses in the genus Spartina (cordgrass).
	agen521.www.ecn.purdue.edu /AGEN521/epadir/wetlands/salt_marshes.html (120 words)

	Salt Marsh Project \| Mass Audubon
		In a salt marsh affected by tidal restrictions, such as a culvert sized too small to allow the normal amount of seawater, ground water salinity (salt content) is lowered.
		Less of the marsh surface is flooded at high tide, and there is decreased sedimentation which may lead to a relative drop in the marsh surface elevation.
		Salt marshes help cushion the impact of rising sea level, migrating inward as sea level rises.
	www.massaudubon.org /saltmarsh/summary.php (1192 words)

	Florida's Salt Marshes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Salt marshes are composed of a variety of plants including rushes, sedges and grasses.
		The extensive root systems of salt marsh plants enable them to withstand strong winds, waves and flooding from storms, and act as natural buffers against storm damage to upland development.
		Pollutants from upland activities flow through the marsh and may be trapped by marsh vegetation and sediments, reducing the pollutant load entering estuaries.
	stone.web.brevard.k12.fl.us /html/salt.marsh.html (357 words)

	Salt Marsh Reclamation
		Even the salt marsh vistas that had once been considered picturesque had decidedly become second-rate views (Stilgoe 1994).
		Since the improvers did not understand the ecological or physical nature of the marsh ecosystem they were unable to foresee the negative impacts their improvements would have.
		Hydrological processes of coastal marshes were not well understood at the time and the process of salt marsh reclamation significantly altered tidal currents thus making it difficult to maintain the dikes.
	site.www.umb.edu /conne/wendy/Reclamation.html (436 words)

	Saltwater Marsh
		Vegetation often occurs in distinct zones within the salt marsh complex as a result of water levels from tidal action and salinity concentrations in water and soils In excellent condition, a salt marsh site will be dominated with desirable grasses such as smooth cordgrass, big cordgrass, marshhay cordgrass, seashore saltgrass, seashore paspalum, and seashore dropseed.
		Salt Marsh Range Sites have a potential for producing significant amounts of cordgrass, saltgrass, and other grasses and forbs.
		Salt marshes also perform an important function in the stabilization and protection of shorelines, especially during storm tides.
	www.wec.ufl.edu /range/rangelands/saltmrsh.html (514 words)

	Lesson3--Leggett
		Coastal salt marshes develop along the intertidal shores of bays and estuaries.
		Salt marsh plants are adapted to a harsh, semi-aquatic environment and saline soils.
		An unusual salt marsh plant is the orange, parasitic dodder, Cuscuta salina.
	web.utk.edu /~ctmelear/ossabaw/LeggettVestWilliams/Lesson3Leggett.htm (525 words)

	Salt Marsh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Listed below are ecologically important organisms that are commonly found in a salt marsh near Point Judith, RI (approximately 10 miles from the URI campus).
		Dominates the upper high marsh, where it is flooded only by the most extreme tides of each month.
		Found partially buried in salt marshes attached to peat and roots of Spartina alterniflora.
	www.uri.edu /artsci/bio/rishores/saltmrsh.htm (776 words)

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