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Topic: Saltationism

	Gradualism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When gradualism is an appeal to the transformative power of a slow and steady process, it antithesis is catastrophism, as in the case of biblical creationism, which appeals instead to catastrophic events such as a genesis event and a worldwide flood.
		This is not exactly the same as the mechanistic doctrine that also goes by the name of gradualism, but that might be called "infinitesimalism" instead, and which is antithetical to saltationism.
		Darwin famously adopted the extreme mechanistic position that "natura non facit salta" (Latin, "nature does not take a leap"), saying that "If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down" (Origin of Species, Ch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gradualism (292 words)

	[No title]
		The term which I prefer as the antonym to gradualism (the theory that major planetary changes occur so slowly as to be undetectable within a life-time) is saltationism.
		Saltationism was the term used by Thomas Huxley for evolution at a discontinuous rate, sometimes rapid and sometimes not.
		Quantalism, obviously, subsumes saltationism and catastrophism in the same way that uniformism subsumes gradualism and actualism.
	www.kronia.com /symposium/wescott.txt (6002 words)

	Anti Essays : Free Essays on Gradualism versus Punctuationism Essay
		In addition, when comparing the theories of gradualism with punctuationism, it is important to evaluate the theory of saltationism.
		Saltationism holds that macromutations are the cause of evolutionary change (Dawkins, 1986).
		Second, neither gradualists nor punctuationists agree with the tenets of saltationism, because scientific evidence refutes the major premises of this theory.
	www.antiessays.com /essay.php?eid=1830 (901 words)

	Learning Unit 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Alternatives to Darwinism at this time were Lamarckism, saltationism, and orthogenesis.
		Darwinism was chosen as the core, since all alternatives allowed gradualism and selection to some extent.
		Furthermore, gradualism proceeds by voluminous amounts, whereas saltationism features rare events, and small changes feature greater utility over large scale disruption of major mutations.
	ww2.sjc.edu /faculty_pages/cmorgan/Evolution/LU_06.htm (1578 words)

	Welcome To DOUKNOW.NET
		Gradualists insist that evolution proceeds by means of small successive changes; saltationists that it proceeds by jumps.
		Q: You are known as a mathematician rather than a specialist in evolutionary biology...
		The miracles of saltationism, on the other hand, cannot discharge the mystery I have described.
	www.douknow.net /ev_darwin_miracles.htm (3769 words)

	Skadi Forum - Punctuated Equilibrium - Robyn Conder Broyles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		All evolution, of course, must be gradual, in that each generation must not be too unlike the previous generation, or mating would be impossible.
		Punctuated equilibrium is not saltationism, a defunct theory that states that speciations occur in single large steps.
		Punctuated equilibrium should not be confused with saltationism, a theory in which a new species may arise in single generation through a macromutation.
	forum.skadi.net /showthread.php?t=10661 (2135 words)

	SUBJECT: Book Review - The Dynamics of Evolution The Dynamics of Evolution - The Punctuate
		His essay is a general attack on the theory of punctuated equilibrium; he claims that the weak form (that rates of evolutionary change vary) is trivial and says nothing that wasn't known to Darwin, the strong from (macromutations and saltationism) is false, and the moderate form (widespread stasis in evolutionary lineages) is untestable.
		Again it is evident that there is confusion as to whether (and how strongly) Gould actually pushed saltationism, but it is clear that he no longer does so; hence criticism of the "strong" version of punctuated equilibrium is now peripheral to the main debate.
		Given the palaeontological evidence presented by Stanley and Gould in this volume (and by others elsewhere), Hoffman's claim that the moderate version is untestable seems hard to sustain, although it is clear that testing it is more complicated than was at first thought.
	www.skepticfiles.org /evo2/puncteq.htm (1239 words)

	Evolution vs. Creation (Thread 14) [Free Republic]
		This does not inspire confidence for me! Calling Gould's theory "saltationism" is about as accurate as one of our locals demanding to see a fish give birth to a monkey.
		Calling Gould's theory "saltationism" is about as accurate as one of our locals demanding to see a fish give birth to a monkey.
		And punk eek IS saltationism relative to gradualism.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3a8a314b6822.htm (9734 words)

	Popper, History, Nature, Prediction
		Gradualism and saltationism were not proven true by the observations of cases of either gradual or saltational evolution.
		If a gradualist demonstrated a case of gradual evolution, he/she claimed to have falsified saltationism, and of course saltationists rejected gradualism with every example of saltational evolution.
		Little events, like the beat of the wings of a butterfly at Bombay, can cause enormous effects, like a thunderstorm in New York, if given enough time to exert their influence, and life sciences are surely the most chaotic of all sciences.
	www.le.infn.it /~gpco/bio/forum/Boero.html (2585 words)

	Position Paper on Darwinism by Phillip Johnson
		To put this somewhat abstract point in the vernacular: If God was around and capable of creating, there is no reason to assume that those Cambrian phyla must have evolved through purely naturalistic mechanisms.
		4.0 The difficulties of Darwinism cannot be avoided by retreating to some supposedly unchallengeable "fact" of evolution, or by proposing "alternatives to phyletic gradualism" that attempt to occupy a middle ground between Darwinism and saltationism.
		Saltationism likewise is not really evolution at all, but a meaningless halfway point between creation and evolution.
	www.apologetics.org /articles/positionpaper.html (2520 words)

	SICB - 2002 meeting - Abstract Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Key episodes include Goldschmidt's account of hopeful monsters (1940), early and contemporary developmental work on homeotic genes, and recent attempts to explain the material basis of evolution (in both plants and animals) in terms of homeosis.
		In the latter regard, homeosis has almost always been associated with saltationism; a recent exemplar of this perspective is Jeffrey Schwartz's (1999) work on changes in the timing of homeotic gene expression as the basis for the generation of new animal species.
		I then discuss some skeptical considerations about the roles of homeosis and saltation in animal evolution (particularly those of Akam 1998 and Budd 1999), but leave open the possibility that evolutionary change need not be gradual.
	www.sicb.org /meetings/2003/schedule/abstractdetails.php3?id=102 (264 words)

	Saltationism Encyclopedia Article, History, Biography @ Local Color Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Find the Best Sites For saltationism With Starware - Starware search is an excellent resource for quality sites on saltationism and much more!
		Find saltationism - Your relevant result is a click away!
		In biology, saltation (from Latin, saltus, "leap") is a sudden change from one generation to the next, that is large, or very large, in comparison with the usual variation of an organism.
	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Saltationism (256 words)

	Kevin Kelly -- Chapter 19: Postdarwinism
		In biology, this is called saltationism (from the Latin saltare, to jump) and it is totally out of favor among professional biologists.
		Mild saltationism was rejuvenated with interest in Goldschmidt's genetic hopeful monsters, but a complex saltationism that would significantly leap over transitional forms is pure heresy at the moment.
		Artificial evolution has not yet produced an "organism" complex enough to contain hierarchical depth, and so we don't know yet in what way saltationism might appear in synthetic worlds.
	www.kk.org /outofcontrol/ch19-g.html (930 words)

	Falsifiability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There are a number of evolutionary hypotheses that have been falsified and as a result have been rejected by the scientific community as supported by the evidence.
		Such hypotheses as Lamarkianism, mutationism and saltationism have not been supported by the evidence and thus have been falsified.
		However, other hypotheses that are falsifiable have not been falsified, but have been supported by abundant evidence.
	www.creationism.ws /falsif_iability.htm (385 words)

	On the death of paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould
		Mayr stated: “The claim has been made by some authors (Gould, 1971) that the occurrence of punctuated equilibria is in conflict with gradual Darwinian evolution.
		Even punctuated equilibria, which, at first sight, seems to support saltationism and discontinuity, are in fact strictly populational phenomena, and therefore gradual.
		Mayr is not saying, in answer to Gould, that there can be no sudden evolutionary leaps (saltationism).
	www.wsws.org /articles/2002/jul2002/goul-j01.shtml (2979 words)

	NMSR/CSFNM Creation/Evolution Debate, Essay 1B - Rebuttal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		What we can't see is evolution that takes thousands of years.
		Punctuated Equilibrium neither endorses saltationism nor denies transitional forms.
		Consider this quotation by Niles Eldredge, one of its co-authors; "I was (and remain) too much of a conventional neo-Darwinian ever to subscribe to the saltationist heresy" (p.75 Time Frames), and then read Eldredge's description of transitional forms of trilobites and how they support, not contradict, the punctuational model (pages 88-91).
	www.nmsr.org /essay1b.htm (531 words)

	evolution@calvin.edu: Re: Gould vs Dawkins (was The Cambrian Explosion)
		On the other hand, it is easy to see how some people the impression
		that saltationism was at least being hinted, if explicitly advocated.
		saltationism particularly by Gould) they have always kept open their
	www.asa3.org /archive/evolution/199511-12/0763.html (522 words)

	Has human evolution stopped? - EvC Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		You appear to be fixated on the idea that some kind of saltational “chicken-from-a-lizard’s-egg” one-generation change in morphology is what evolutionary biologists are claiming when they discuss speciation.
		When I use “species” for the purposes of this discussion, I am using the biological species concept: two (or more) populations of the same organism which have accumulated sufficient phenotypical differences that they no longer interbreed in the wild — even when sharing portions of the same range — are considered distinct species.
		On the contrary, you need to show that saltationism is a foundational principle of evolutionary theory, since that’s your contention.
	www.evcforum.net /ubb/Forum5/HTML/000033-4.html (13886 words)

	A Reply to Woodmorappe on the Evolution of Birds - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fearing not where anyone with a brain would rather not set foot, Woodmorappe then goes on to assert that the same is true in reverse: the evolution of flightless forms from flighted ancestors is saltational and thus highly improbable!
		If his first lecture on saltationism was not enough to stretch the bounds of credulity, then this next dose is guaranteed to do so.
		Apparently unperturbed by the fact that the process by which flight is lost in birds and its attendant morphological changes are among the best understood phenomena in ornithology, Woodmorappe offers no clarification of what changes he considers saltational in this scenario.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/A_Reply_to_Woodmorappe_on_the_Evolution_of_Birds (1552 words)

	Learning Unit 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Orthogenesis can be furrows of constrained variation that provides biased material to natural selection, but cannot itself drive a species to extinction.
		Kellogg's alternatives to natural selection include Lamarckism, orthogenesis, and heterogenesis (saltationism).
		However, the key point would be the relative frequency of each.
	ww2.sjc.edu /faculty_pages/cmorgan/Evolution/LU_5.htm (2303 words)

	RE: If "Evolution" be prepared for Racist Roots on Students
		For one thing, he countered Darwinianism by subscribing to saltationism : also called the mutation theory, states that changes between forms happen all at once or not at all.
		I don't know any creationist 'quacks' who are considered respectable scientists, and even if I did, I don't think US social policy or the underpinning of a dictatorial regime were based on their ideas.
		For one thing, he countered Darwinianism by subscribing to saltationism: also called the mutation theory, states that changes between forms happen all at once or not at all.
	fcnforums.christianity.com /fb.aspx?m=121560 (5956 words)

	Stephen E. Jones: Creation/Evolution quotes: Unclassified quotes: June 2005
		People called saltationists believe that macromutations are a means by which major jumps in evolution could take place in a single generation.
		If saltationism were true, apparent 'gaps' in the fossil record needn't be gaps at all.
		For example, a saltationist might believe that the transition from sloping-browed Australopithecus to dome-browed Homo sapiens took place in a single macromutational step, in a single generation.
	members.iinet.net /~sejones/quotes/cequc506.html (11877 words)

	The Third Culture - Chapter 2
		Steve is a gradualist himself; he has to be.
		He toyed briefly with true nongradualism — the "hopeful monsters" of saltationism.
		He tried it on, he tried it pretty hard, and when it didn't sell he backed off.
	www.edge.org /documents/ThirdCulture/i-Ch.2.html (7619 words)

	Steve's place - Natural Selection
		Punctuated equilibrium is the idea that large populations are buffered against change (in stasis) for most of their history, and that change only occurs at speciation events, where both drift and selection contribute to the new species.
		Macromutations do occur, but are almost invariably harmful.
		Why are mutationism and saltationism incapable of accounting for adaptations?
	www.steve.gb.com /science/natural_selection.html (5180 words)

	Animal evolution
		A list of 12 biological levels that can act as interactors, is presented.
		Gradualism vs. punctualism – reasons for stasis are discussed, and the concept of punctuated equilibrium, and how it differs from saltationism, is explained.
		Different nondimensional species concepts and, after a discussion of how species originate (speciation processes), dimensional species concepts are presented.
	www.evol.no /dyr/engelsk.html (842 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		From Phillip Johnson's "Darwin on Trial: "It is likely that Darwinist gradualism is statistically just as unlikely as Goldschmidt's saltationism, once we give adequate atten- tion to all the necessary elements.
		The advantageous micromuta- tions postulated by neo-Darwinist genetics are tiny, usually too small to be noticed.
		We are comforted by the fact that evolution has occurred."
	www.bearfabrique.org /evolution/badmut (259 words)

	Emergence and Evolution - Constraints on Form
		We can view mutation here as a two path process, regulatory genes give step changes in function whilst expression changes 'fine tune' and optimize the current function.
		The 'gradualism' of Darwin is no longer valid in all cases, 'saltationism' (step change) is demonstrably involved also - both methods co-exist.
		Mechanisms for creating phenotypes during development however are still unclear, since in this case we have the added complication of multi-cellular organisation, together with the detailed way in which all the cells grow and differentiate.
	www.calresco.org /emerge.htm (4072 words)

	RE: Evolution on trial as Kansas debates Adam vs Darwin
		Now if the encoded information only existed in certain organisms, or only one, this would be far more significant in indicating intelligent manipulation.
		Rapidly, as in not proceeded by notable predecessors, and saltationism doesn't include the idea of intelligence.
		You seem to be saying that it doesn't or shouldn't.
	forums.crosswalk.com /m_81553/mpage_11/tm.htm (5670 words)

	Rocks of Ages : Science and Religion in the Fullness of Life - Health Care Products - HealthCareStuff.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In facto, the needed simultaneous presence of millions of nucleotides precisely sequenced to specify extremly complex biological structures and functions speaks more about instantaneous creation than about evolutionary gradualism or saltationism.
		The fotosynthesis mechanism is an example of an extremely complex structure that must be put in place at once or else it wont' work, and I don't see how gradualism or saltationism can solve that, nor does any scientist, not even all of them together.
		Much more could be said about the objective nature of christian religion, as in the case of the curse, the flood, Babel, etc.
	www.healthcarestuff.com /product/034545040X-Rocks-of-Ages-Science-and-Religion-in-the-Fullness-of-Life.html (1707 words)

	Sarkar Lab WebLog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Saturday, November 20: 3:30pm to 5:30pm: (timing is tentative; if this does not work for you, please notify Jason Robert at Jason.Robert@asu.edu by October 27 and suggest an alternative timeslot for Saturday afternoon.
		Roundtable Discussion on Macroevolution, Hopeful Monsters, Saltationism and related topics.
		This is a continuation of several historical talks on Friday and will explore these topics in the context of present-day Evo Devo.
	webapp.utexas.edu /blogs/archives/sarkarlab/002378.html (181 words)

	New four-winged feathered dinosaur?
		Our main point is, there are a number of creationist alternatives consistent with both the Bible and available evidence, while the supporters of various evolutionary camps score mortal blows against the other camp.
		supporters of ‘jerky’ evolution (saltationism and its relative, punctuated equilibria) point out that the fossil record does not show gradualism, and that the hypothetical transitional forms would be disadvantageous.
		But supporters of gradual evolution point out that large, information-increasing changes are so improbable that one would need to invoke a secular miracle.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/831329/posts (4494 words)

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