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Topic: Salyut 1

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	Salyut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Salyuts were all relatively simple structures consisting of a single main module placed into orbit in a single launch.
		Salyut 3 was launched on June 25, 1974.
		After Salyut 6 manned operations were discontinued in 1981, a heavy unmanned spacecraft called TKS and developed using hardware left from the canceled Almaz program was docked to the station as a hardware test.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salyut (881 words)

	Salyut
		An early series of Soviet space stations of which seven were launched over a period of a decade beginning in 1971 with Salyut 1, the world’s first space station.
		Salyut 1 was abandoned on Oct. 11, 1971, but several successor stations over the next 15 years helped pave the way for Mir.
		The successful Salyut 4 was deorbited on Feb. 3, 1977, bringing the highest civilian honor, “Hero of the Socialist Labor”, to the chief designer of the spacecraft, Yuri Semenov, and one of the assembly technicians, V. Morozov (despite official objections that Morozov was not a member of the Communist Party)
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/Salyut.html (1768 words)

	MSN Encarta - Printer-friendly - Space Station
		The first space station was the Salyut 1, launched by the Soviet Union in April 1971.
		Salyut 1 was a simple station with an open-loop life-support system and was launched fully assembled.
		Salyut 6 and 7 also had two docking ports, which allowed both a piloted module carrying a replacement crew and an unpiloted, automated supply-delivery vehicle to dock to the station at the same time.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761587628___3/Space_Station.html (658 words)

	The first Space Station - Salyut 1
		Salyut 1 was the first space station put into orbit.
		The main purpose of Salyut 1 was to study the effects of long duration spaceflight on the human body and to take photographs of the Earth from space.
		Salyut was originally called "Zarya," but this was changed before launch so there would be no confusion between the station and the ground control call sign of the same name.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spacestation/salyut1.html (699 words)

	Space Station \| The Station \| Russian Space History
		Salyut 1, the first space station in history, reached orbit unmanned atop a Proton rocket on April 19, 1971.
		The crew of Soyuz 10, the first spacecraft sent to Salyut 1, was unable to enter the station because of a docking mechanism problem.
		The Soyuz 11 crew lived aboard Salyut I for three weeks, but died during return to the Earth because the air escaped from their Soyuz spacecraft.
	www.pbs.org /spacestation/station/russian.htm (656 words)

	Salyut Type Stations
		Salyut 1 was in orbit from 19 April 1971 until 11 October 1971.
		Salyut 4 was in orbit from 26 December 1974 to 2 February 1977.
		Salyut 6 was in orbit from 29 September 1977 to 29 July 1982.
	www.worldspaceflight.com /russia/salyut/salyut.htm (501 words)

	[No title]
		The Salyut was composed of four modules, with a total length of 48 ft! The four modules were the transfer module (where the docking mechanism was located, as well as the telescope and biology experiments).
		Salyut 1 reentered the atmosphere in October of '71, six months after it was launched.
		Salyut 2 successfully made it to orbit, but an onboard fire burned a hole in the side, and the modules were depressurized.
	ganymede.nmsu.edu /tharriso/class13.html (992 words)

	Salyut 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Salyut 3 (as the previous Salyut 2) was a cover name gave to the first military space station of Almaz series.
		The core of the pressurized hull was similar to the Salyut one the main differences laid in the propulsion unit, solar panels and the rear docking hatch for Soyuz (instead of the forward one of Salyuts).
		Salyut 3/Almaz 2 career was short because it hosted only the first crew while the second one didn’t performed the docking with the station.
	www.marscenter.it /eng/veicolistrutturesalyut3.htm (167 words)

	Salyut
		Salyut 4, Salyut 6, and Salyut 7 were all successful, each space station being an evolutionary improvement over the previous model.
		Salyut 1 - The Salyut 1 was the world's first space station.
		Salyut 6 Cutaway - The Salyut 6 space station was the the first evolved design with two docking ports.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/project/salyut.htm (5288 words)

	Space Today Online -- Space Factoids -- part 2
		Salyut 1 was fired to a 200-mi.-high Earth orbit from Baikonur Cosmodrome on April 19, 1971.
		Salyuts 1 to 5 were considered the first generation of Russian space station technology.
		Salyuts 6 and 7 launched in 1977 and 1982 were a second generation.
	www.spacetoday.org /History/SpaceFactoids/SpaceFactoids2.html (2472 words)

	Lovaura.com Space Memorabilia - Salyut Space Stations.
		Salyut 1 was used as an observation platform in order to gather data in the fields of astronomy, earth resources and meteorology.
		Salyut 1 decayed and reentered Earth's atmosphere on the 11th October 1971 after just 6 months in space.
		Salyut 6 was commanded to reentry using Kosmos 1267 propulsion system over the Pacific Ocean on the 29th July 1982.
	www.lovaura.com /salyut.htm (3758 words)

	Salyut 1
		Salyut 1 included a number of military experiments, including the OD-4 optical visual ranger, the Orion ultraviolet instrument for characterising rocket plumes, and the highly classified Svinets radiometer.
		The Salyut station is much more comfortable than the Soyuz, but the mission has revealed it needs many improvements, including: a unit for ejecting liquids from the station; solar panels, and scientific instruments, that can be automatically pointed at the sun or their target and stabilised; an improved control section; better crew rest provisions.
		Salyut 1 was kept aloft to study how the systems behaved over an extended period, in order to identify fixes to improve their reliability on later flights.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/salyut1.htm (9876 words)

	Planetarium.Net Human Spaceflight Timeline
		Salyut 1 was placed into orbit in 1971 and was occupied from June 6 to June 29.
		Salyut 6 and 7 were the longest of the Salyut flights.
		Salyut 6 was occupied from December 10, 1977 to May 22, 1981.
	www.planetarium.net /edcenter/human/salyut.htm (343 words)

	Salyut41
		Salyut 4 was the third Soviet space station launched into orbit.
		Salyut 4 was very similar to Salyut 1, with the addition of three rotatable solar arrays.
		Salyut 4 was the second space station devoted primarily to civilian objectives.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spacestation/salyut4.html (462 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		Salyut and Skylab were the first spacecraft designed as space stations.
		The Soviet Salyut 1 space station, weighing 18,600 kg (41,000 lb), was launched on April 19, 1971.
		Salyut 6 (September 1977–July 1982) and 7 (launched April 1982) were visited by a large number of international crews, including Cuban, French, and Indian cosmonauts and the first woman to perform extravehicular activity, Svetlana Savitskaya (1947–), during the flight of Soyuz T-12 on July 17–29, 1984.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/space/spacestation.html (1113 words)

	International Space Sation
		Consisting of a single module weighing 19 tons, Salyut 1 (the name, which means "salute," was chosen to honor the late Yuri Gagarin) offered 3,500 cubic feet of living space that doubled as living quarters and workplace for a trio of cosmonauts.
		The first mission to Salyut 1, in April, failed after the cosmonauts docked their Soyuz ferry craft to the station and found they could not enter it.
		Salyut 7 was also the scene of one of the most remarkable space repair missions ever made.
	www.csulb.edu /colleges/coe/ae/engr370i/ch09/chap5_1 (1473 words)

	Finding radio signals from Salyut 3 in 1974
		But, just as was the case with Salyut 2, nothing was heard on the typical frequencies used by Soyuz and Salyut 1.
		The spacecraft, which the Soviet press and information agencies called a Salyut, was launched Apr. 3 and apparently suffered a catastrophic failure on Apr. 14.
		Salyut 1 was on 15.008 MHz and 20.008 MHz and used CW-PDM, i.e.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /trackind/salyut3/salyut3.htm (494 words)

	Salyut -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The program name Salyut (Russian: “Salute”) was chosen to honour cosmonaut Yury Gagarin's historic first orbit of Earth in 1961.
		Salyut 1, launched April 19, 1971, was the world's first space station.
		Soviet officials decided to scrap the jinxed Salyut 7 and advance to the next phase, which was to assemble a large modular complex in orbit.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9065170?tocId=9065170 (655 words)

	Three Space Sciences encyclopedia articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Salyut 1 (1971) was the first of seven first-generation Soviet space stations.
		Salyut 1, two of the failed stations, and Salyut 4 (1974-77) were civilian; one failed station, Salyut 3 (1974-75), and Salyut 5 (1976-77) were military.
		Salyut 7 was last staffed in 1986, and underwent uncontrolled reentry over Argentina in 1991.
	members.aol.com /dsfportree/spacestation.htm (2715 words)

	Long Duration Spaceflight
		On Salyut 1 hydroponic program studied the effects of microgravity on growing plants, and biomedical observations were made of the cosmonauts themselves in order to determine the effects of prolonged weightlessness on human physiology.
		The second space station, Salyut 2, was launched in April 1973; but the vehicle suffered a catastrophic explosion, which tore the solar panels, the docking apparatus, and the radio transponder from the craft and left it tumbling in a low-Earth orbit from which it decayed in late May 1973.
		In July 1974, the Russians launched the first of five Salyut space stations that would house Russian cosmonauts for longer and longer stays in space until the arrival of the Mir space station in 1986.
	www.isset.org /earth_to_mars/long_duration.htm (1207 words)

	1971 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lunokhod 1 is parked for its fourth lunar night, having travelled a further 1,573 metres and continued its programme of photography and soil measurements and its protective 'lid' is closed - it has reached the end of its originally-planned life
		Salyut 1 orbit is 252 x 271 kilometres - the space station is 'parked', awaiting the Soyuz 11 mission
		Lunokhod 1 is parked for its eighth lunar night, having travelled a further 1,559 metres and continued its programme of photography and soil measurements - it's protective 'lid' is closed
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/1971.htm (1507 words)

	Russia's early space stations (1969-1985)
		After the loss of the first crew of the Salyut space station during landing, the pressure suits (right) were introduced for launch, landing and docking operations.
		A 3rd generation Salyut space station, differs from its predecessors by a second docking port and a capability to be refueled in orbit from the Progress cargo ships.
		To negate influence of weightlessness after long-duration flights, the Salyut crewmembers were wearing Chibis suits at the end of their missions.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /spacecraft_manned_salyut.html (1215 words)

	Comments in reply to a SeeSat-L post about drag changes for Salyut 1 in 1971 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		My opinion is no. It appears that the part of the orbit that was causing most of the drag moved from solar "1 PM" to solar "morning" during this time and that is why the drag did not increase as much as would have been expected.
		1 05160U 71181.99162532.00341268 962 2 05160 51.5682 203.0006 0034678 281.9063 77.8018 16.05011368 11788 Now a major boost of the orbit has occurred and the mean motion is much lower, but the drag term is identical to the previous elset.
		And, even though it is expected that the drag occurs at perigee, the drag for a near-circular orbit occurs at its equator crossings, not its perigee.
	users2.ev1.net /~mmccants/comments/dragcomment.html (926 words)

	Astrobiology: The Living Universe - Space Stations
		Salyut 1, as the station was called, was a modified spaceship that could only house a crew of three.
		Despite its simplicity, Salyut 1 was a breakthrough because it enabled people to live in space for the first time, instead of merely flying in space.
		Unfortunately, the return of the cosmonauts from Salyut 1 to Earth was a tragedy.
	www.ibiblio.org /astrobiology/index.php?page=habitat02 (1094 words)

	We Are Not the First
		Salyut 4, Salyut 6, and Salyut 7 were all successful however, each space station being an evolutionary improvement over the previous model.
		Salyut 4 and Salyut 6 were the first and second Soviet replenishable long-duration 'civilian' space stations.
		The Salyut design culminated in the Mir base block module, launched in 1985, the first component of the Mir space station which has been in orbit for nearly 15 years.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /HAS/Cirr/SS/4/2.cfm (1125 words)

	Space Stations - Salyut
		Salyut development began in the 1960s and it became clear to western observers as the program developed that there were distinct civil and military interests.
		From Salyut 6 a major redesign of the original engine system replaced the single nozzle with twin nozzles on each side of the second docking port added at the rear.
		On Salyut 6 it was widened to the same 4.15 m diameter as the working compartment to take a second docking port.
	www.braeunig.us /space/specs/salyut.htm (827 words)

	Salyut -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		Any of a series of seven Soviet space stations (of two designs) placed into Earth orbit in the 1970s and early '80s that served as living quarters and scientific laboratories or military reconnaissance platforms.
		Salyut 1 (launched 1971) was the world's first space station; after staying aboard 23 days, the inaugural crew died while returning to Earth.
		Salyut 6 (1977), the first with an improved design, was a highly successful scientific station that hosted a series of international visitors.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9377601 (112 words)

	International Space Station
		The Salyut 1 through Salyut 5 space stations were launched without a crew.
		Though all the stations were called Salyut, the Almaz were military stations and the rest were civilian stations.
		Salyut 6 and Salyut 7 were launched without a crew, with cosmonauts boarding after the space stations were in place.
	www.harcourtschool.com /activity/space_station/salyut.html (234 words)

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