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Topic: Salyut 3

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	Space Station K-12 Background Information
		Starting with Salyut 6 and 7, a change was seen; these were built with two docking ports, which allowed a second crew to visit, bringing a new spacecraft (for technical reasons, a Soyuz capsule cannot spend more than a few months on orbit, even powered down, safely) with them.
		This concept was expanded on Salyut 7, which "hard docked" with a TKS tug shortly before it was abandoned; this served as a proof-of-concept for the use of modular space stations.
		After Salyut 6 manned operations were discontinued in 1981, a heavy unmanned spacecraft called TKS and developed using hardware left from the canceled Almaz program was docked to the station as a hardware test.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/astronomy/spacestation.html (5658 words)

	Salyut
		Salyut 1 was abandoned on Oct. 11, 1971, but several successor stations over the next 15 years helped pave the way for Mir.
		The second Almaz, under the cover name “Salyut 3,” was successfully launched on Jun. 26, 1974, and its inaugural crew, Pavel Popovich and Yuri Artyukhin, docked with the station on Jul. 3 for a stay lasting a couple of weeks.
		The successful Salyut 4 was deorbited on Feb. 3, 1977, bringing the highest civilian honor, “Hero of the Socialist Labor”, to the chief designer of the spacecraft, Yuri Semenov, and one of the assembly technicians, V. Morozov (despite official objections that Morozov was not a member of the Communist Party)
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/Salyut.html (1766 words)

	Salyut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Salyut 3 was launched on June 25, 1974.
		Salyut 5 was launched on June 22, 1976.
		Salyut 6 was launched on September 29, 1977.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salyut (913 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Salyut 4
		Salyut 4 (DOS 4) was a Salyut space station launched on December 26, 1974 into an orbit with an apogee of 355 km, a perigee of 343 km and an orbital inclination of 51.6 degrees.
		It was essentially a copy of the DOS 3, and unlike its ill-fated sibling it was a complete success.
		Salyut 4 was deorbited on February 3, 1977.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Salyut_4 (413 words)

	[No title]
		The Salyut was composed of four modules, with a total length of 48 ft! The four modules were the transfer module (where the docking mechanism was located, as well as the telescope and biology experiments).
		Salyut 2 successfully made it to orbit, but an onboard fire burned a hole in the side, and the modules were depressurized.
		Salyut 3 was never manned again, and reentered the atmosphere in January of '75.
	ganymede.nmsu.edu /tharriso/class13.html (992 words)

	Diary of the Salyut 4 Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Salyut 4 was the second successful 'Zarya' station and followed on from Salyut 1 in 1970.
		Salyut 2 (another failure) and Salyut 3 were 'Almaz' stations designed for use in reconnoitring the Earth from space.
		Salyut 4's orbit has decayed to 330 x 351 kilometres, it is raised to 344 x 353 kilometres ready for rendezvous with the second attempt at the Soyuz 18 mission
	www.zarya.info /Diaries/Salyut4/Index.htm (745 words)

	Space Today Online -- Space Factoids -- part 2
		Salyut 1 was fired to a 200-mi.-high Earth orbit from Baikonur Cosmodrome on April 19, 1971.
		Salyuts 1 to 5 were considered the first generation of Russian space station technology.
		Salyuts 6 and 7 launched in 1977 and 1982 were a second generation.
	www.spacetoday.org /History/SpaceFactoids/SpaceFactoids2.html (2472 words)

	Space Station History
		In April 3, 1973, Salyut 2 was placed in orbit and a week later the station developed a severe tumbling motion.
		The Salyut 4 mission was launched in December of 1974 with its primary mission devoted mostly to civilian objectives.
		Salyut 4 was designed to stay in orbit for up to 60 days and it had an extensive scientific complement.
	students.db.erau.edu /~kalier/stationhistory.html (2069 words)

	Planetarium.Net Human Spaceflight Timeline
		Salyut 1 was placed into orbit in 1971 and was occupied from June 6 to June 29.
		Salyut 6 and 7 were the longest of the Salyut flights.
		Salyut 6 was occupied from December 10, 1977 to May 22, 1981.
	www.planetarium.net /edcenter/human/salyut.htm (343 words)

	Finding radio signals from Salyut 3 in 1974
		But, just as was the case with Salyut 2, nothing was heard on the typical frequencies used by Soyuz and Salyut 1.
		This meant that any signals from Salyut 3 would only be audible while over the horizon in Stockholm, and there were almost no other stations that could interfere.
		Salyut 1 was on 15.008 MHz and 20.008 MHz and used CW-PDM, i.e.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /trackind/salyut3/salyut3.htm (494 words)

	Space Station \| The Station \| Russian Space History
		Salyut 1, the first space station in history, reached orbit unmanned atop a Proton rocket on April 19, 1971.
		The crew of Soyuz 10, the first spacecraft sent to Salyut 1, was unable to enter the station because of a docking mechanism problem.
		Salyut 3, Salyut 4, and Salyut 5 supported a total of five crews.
	www.pbs.org /spacestation/station/russian.htm (656 words)

	Salyut
		Spacecraft: Salyut 1, Soyuz 7K-LOK, LK, Almaz OPS, Soyuz OB-VI, Soyuz VI.
		The Salyut station is much more comfortable than the Soyuz, but the mission has revealed it needs many improvements, including: a unit for ejecting liquids from the station; solar panels, and scientific instruments, that can be automatically pointed at the sun or their target and stabilised; an improved control section; better crew rest provisions.
		Salyut 1 was kept aloft to study how the systems behaved over an extended period, in order to identify fixes to improve their reliability on later flights.
	www.astronautix.com /project/salyut.htm (17089 words)

	Salyut 3
		The second Almaz was launched as Salyut 3 on 25 June 1974.
		Salyut 3 was equipped with the Agat-1 camera, which had a 6.375 m focal length using 3 m folding optics, an OD-4 Vzor pointing scope, POU panoramic camera, as well as topographic and star cameras.
		The Salyut 3 KSI film capsule was ejected on 23 September 1974 but suffered damage to the landing sequencer from the hot plasma sheath generated during re-entry.
	www.astronautix.com /details/sal31678.htm (865 words)

	Russia's early space stations (1969-1985)
		Docked to Salyut-6 from June 16 to Sept 3.
		After the loss of the first crew of the Salyut space station during landing, the pressure suits (right) were introduced for launch, landing and docking operations.
		A 3rd generation Salyut space station, differs from its predecessors by a second docking port and a capability to be refueled in orbit from the Progress cargo ships.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /spacecraft_manned_salyut.html (1215 words)

	Chronology of Manned Space Missions
		The new guidance system failed on approach to Salyut 6, but the astronauts were able to dock at Salyut 6 and spend three days with their fellow comrades.
		Salyut 6 had well exceeded its design lifetime, but the cosmonauts spent 74 days there performing experiments and having guests (fellow cosmonauts, of course).
		Salyut 7 suffered a massive fuel leak that almost disabled the station and forced the cosmonauts to make two spacewalks for repairs.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /cgi-bin/tour_def/space_missions/manned_table.html (3072 words)

	Salyut-3 (OPS-2) space station
		At the same time, the firing caused considerable shaking of the station itself, therefore in-orbit tests of the weapon during manned operations were ruled out.
		The crew of the Soyuz-14 spacecraft was composed of veteran cosmonaut Pavel Popovich and a rookie, Yuri Artukhin; it was launched toward the OPS-2 on July 3, 1974.
		Legend has it that when the Soviet government forced Chelomei to launch his Almaz space station under the name "Salyut" in order to hide the existence of the "second" space station program in the USSR, the angry chief-designer directed his staff to paint the name "Salyut-3" on the detachable part of the station.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /almaz_ops2.html (1159 words)

	International Space Sation
		Consisting of a single module weighing 19 tons, Salyut 1 (the name, which means "salute," was chosen to honor the late Yuri Gagarin) offered 3,500 cubic feet of living space that doubled as living quarters and workplace for a trio of cosmonauts.
		In June 1974 Salyut 3 successfully reached orbit, but its mission was not scientific: It was the first military space station.
		Salyut 7 was also the scene of one of the most remarkable space repair missions ever made.
	www.csulb.edu /colleges/coe/ae/engr370i/ch09/chap5_1 (1473 words)

	Salyut 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		It was another Almaz military space station, this one launched successfully, included in the Salyut program to disguise its true purpose.
		Salyut 3 had a total mass of about 18 to 19 tons.
		It had two solar panels laterally mounted on the center of the station and a retactable recovery module for the return of research data and materials.
	salyut-3.iqnaut.net (266 words)

	Almaz OPS
		As on Salyut 3, during the flight of Salyut 5 a 'parallel crew' was aboard a duplicate station on the ground.
		However the overall results of the Salyut 3 and 5 flights were said to have demonstrated to the Soviet military that manned reconnaissance was not worth the expense.
		During the flight of Salyut 5 a 'parallel crew' was aboard a duplicate station on the ground.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/almazops.htm (14700 words)

	Salyut Medium Format Camera
		The Salyut was the first attempt by the Soviet camera industry to produce a sophisticated medium format camera.
		The early Salyut models, as with most of the later models (except those with Pentacon 6 mounts) all use the Hasselblad 1600F screw mount known as the Arsenal "B" mount for later models.
		The Salyut-C is an improved model of the early Salyut and introduced the improved B mount with automatic stopdown and lens aperture return.
	medfmt.8k.com /mf/salyut.html (7478 words)

	Soviets' Salyut Station Paved Way for Mir
		The Soviet achievement was the result of a courageous change of course for its space program in the 1970s that would turn it away from the moon, creating political and bureaucratic struggle in the process.
		In orbit, their spacecraft docked with Salyut, but the docking mechanism on Soyuz was damaged in the process, preventing the crew from ever entering the station.
		Though Salyut 1 had to be discarded on October 11, 1971, for the next 15 years the Soviets produced several successor stations up to Salyut 7.
	www.space.com /news/spacestation/mirinteractive_precursors.html (846 words)

	Blazing Satellites: Guns in Space!
		Pavel Popovich on board Salyut 3 during the Soyuz 14 mission, July 4-19, 1974.
		Pavel Popovich, commander of the July 1974 Soyuz 14 flight to Salyut 3, is said to have indicated that the cannon was installed on Salyut 3 but "fortunately he was not forced to use it".
		A Salyut 5 crew member denies the existence of a cannon on that station, so perhaps the wisdom of outfitting a space station with a cannon was rethought, or maybe, the U.S. having had no manned spaceflight capability between 1975 and 1981, low Earth orbit was deemed insufficiently target-rich to justify such weaponry.
	www.fourmilab.ch /documents/spaceguns (618 words)

	Sandcastle V.I. - Spaceflight Directory - Projects Salyut & Mir
		While the United States took a hiatus from manned spaceflight, after the three Skylab missions, to develop its space shuttle, the Soviet Union pressed on with the development of a stable, long-duration presence in Earth orbit.
		Designed to operate for 3 or 4 years, Mir welcomed and served as home for Russian and international long-duration crews for an amazing 13 1/2 years.
		Stop the presses, in February 2000 it was announced that a private company called "MirCorp" had leased the Mir space stations from the Russians and was planning several commercial ventures, including space tourism at a cost of $20 million per "astrotourist" flight.
	www.sandcastlevi.com /space/salyut.htm (441 words)

	NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Salyut 5 was a Soviet manned spacecraft launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard a Proton 8K82K rocket.
		Structurally similar to Salyut 3, it had a total mass of approximately 18-19 tons.
		Salyut 5's orbit decayed, and it re-entered the atmosphere on August 8, 1977, after fuel reserves were depleted and the planned Soyuz 25 mission was no longer possible.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=1976-057A (164 words)

	SkyScopes Space Toys Space Exploration Time Line
		January 2, 1959 - Luna 1, first man-made satellite to orbit the sun, is launched by the U.S.S.R. March 3, 1959 - Pioneer 4, fourth U.S.-IGY space probe was launched by a Juno II rocket, and achieved an earth-moon trajectory, passing within 37,000 miles of the moon.
		October 4, 1959 - Luna 3 translunar satellite is launched, orbiting the moon and photographing 70 percent of the far side of the moon.
		Contact with the probe is lost on December 3, 1999 as it is descending through the Martian atmosphere and it is never heard from again, the first failure of a U.S. planetary soft landing in 30 years.
	www.skyscopes.com /scope/timeline.html (5882 words)

	NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Salyut 3 was the first military space station launched by the Soviet Union.
		It had two solat panels laterally mounted on the center of the statio, and a detactable recovery moduel, for the return of research data and materials.
		Salyut 3 was only operated by one team of Soyuz cosmonauts from Soyuz 14.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=1974-046A (134 words)

	Hotel SALYUT 3* (Superior Economy). Hotels in Russia. Hotel Moscow Russia. Russia hotel. Hotel in St Petersburg. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Salyut Hotel is situated on the territory of Troparevo district - one of the ecologically cleanest and greenest districts of Moscow city.
		The Salyut Hotel is located about 200 metres from the Moscow Ring Road and it allows to reach the airports of Sheremetievo or Domodedovo within 30-40 minutes drive.
		Each room has a bathroom (with bathtub and shower or shower) and fitted out with direct-dial telephone, TV (international and Russian channels), fridges are in 20% of rooms.
	www.bestrussiantour.com /hotelsfiles/hotelsalyut.htm (170 words)

	Apollo to the Moon -- Reference Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Vanguard 3 gathers micrometeorite data until December 11, 1959 and is first satellite to map earth’s magnetic field.
		Carpenter waited for 3 hours in a life raft alongside his spacecraft until a rescue helicopter arrived to transfer him to the recovery carrier USS Intrepid.
		The Soviet Salyut 1 flies as a prototype space station for human habitation and remains in orbit until October 11.
	www.nasm.si.edu /exhibitions/attm/nojs/timeline.html (3562 words)

	Mir news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In the late 1960's this work was transferred to the civilian Salyut station program leading to the worlds first space station Salyut 1 to research long term manned flight in weightlessness for future manned planetary missions.
		Mir was launched into orbit near Salyut 7 so that the first crew of Leonid Kizim and Vladimir Solovyev could visit both stations during their mission.
		With Mir safely operating, Salyut 7 was abandoned in orbit where its systems failed and it eventually reentered to burn up in the atmosphere.
	home.comcast.net /~spacereport/pc/Mir-endPC.html (1951 words)

	Salyut 7 - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Salyut 7 - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Soviet cosmonauts set new endurance records of 211 and 237 days on board the Salyut 7 during 1982-1986.
		Seventh Seal, The, feature film about a Swedish knight returning from the Crusades who questions Death on issues of morality and the existence of...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Salyut_7.html (112 words)

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