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Topic: Samoic languages

	Polynesian languages
		Rapan is the language of Rapa, in the Austral Islands of French Polynesia.
		The Samoic languages are one of the primary classes of Polynesian languages, encompassing the Polynesian languages of Samoa, Tuvalu, American Samoa, Tokelau, Wallis and Futuna, as well as a number of languages, spoken in parts of Tonga, the Cook Islands, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, and the Federated States of Micronesia.
		Specifically, the Samoic Languages are classified as "Samoic-Outlier", in recognition of the fact that Sāmoan is the most significant, and that the majority of the Polynesian languages spoken in scattered island communities in Melanesia and Micronesia (called outliers) are members of this same family.
	www.shortopedia.com /P/O/Polynesian_languages (797 words)

	Polynesian languages - Mundaneum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Polynesian languages are a group of languages spoken in the region known as Polynesia.
		By the time that linguists made their way to the Pacific, at least for the major languages, the Bible was already printed according to the orthographic system developed by the missionaries, and the people had learned to read and write without marking vowel length or the glottal stop.
		Recent research indicates that the traditional classification, with its Samoic Outlier proposal, is not justified by shared innovations in the Polynesian languages.
	en.mundaneum.org /wiki/Polynesian_languages (1031 words)

	Polynesian languages
		The Polynesian languages are a group of related languages spoken in the region known as Polynesia.
		They are classified as part of the Austronesian language group, belonging to the Eastern Malayo-Polynesian branch of that family.
		All Polynesian languages have 2 possessives (and their sibling Fijian even more, also one for names, for drinkables and for eatables).
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/po/polynesian_languages.html (814 words)

	Oceanic subgroups
		The Oceanic languages are members of the Austronesian language family, a language family which, until the advent of European exploration and settlement of the 'New World', had spread out across a considerably larger proportion of the earth than had any other language family.
		Austronesian languages are spoken from Madagascar in the west to Easter Island in the east, and from Taiwan and Hawaii in the north to New Zealand in the south.
		He maintains that speakers of languages outside the Western Oceanic group migrated from the area in which POC was spoken, and that the languages of the Western Oceanic group evolved by a process of dialect differentiation from that point on.
	www.tlg.uci.edu /~opoudjis/Work/Oceanic_guide.html (5840 words)

	Tokelauan language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is a member of the Samoic family of Polynesian languages.
		In addition to the population of Tokelau, it is spoken by approximately 2,900 Tokelauan expatriates in New Zealand.
		Tokelauan is intelligible with Tuvaluan, the main language of the neighbouring island realm of Tuvalu.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tokelauan_language (141 words)

	Family tree - Polynesian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Reao is here classified as a language, and not as a dialect of Tuamotuan, based on the statement by P.H. Audrian 1919 (Notes sur le dialecte Paumotu) that Reao is incomprehensible to speakers of the Tuamotuan language, and also on my own field experiences of Reao in 1993.
		Rapa is here classified as a Tahitic language, and not as an unclassified language within the Central Polynesian subgroup, based on Biggs' 1971 statement that the language spoken on the island of Rapa today is a variant of the Tahitian language.
		J.F.G. Stokes 1955, however, claims that another language, clearly distinct from the other Tahitic languages, was earlier spoken on Rapa; and Niko Besnier 1992 classifies Rapa as a Marquesic language.
	www.ling.su.se /pollinet/facts/tree.html (334 words)

	Polynesian_languages info here at en.10-parenting-tips.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Polynesian languages are a language family spoken in the turf recognized as Polynesia.
		By the stint that linguists made their usage to the Pacific, at fewest for the exceeding languages, the Bible was ahead printed as per to the orthographic essential aggrandized by the missionaries, 'n the universal public had pedantic to apprehend 'n discover externally marking vowel length or the glottal stop.
		Polynesian languages Notes Notes ^ Indeed Fijian, a terminology mindfully concomitant to Polynesian, has singular, dual, trial, 'n plural; 'n unvarying there we may distinguish the provisory replacing the plural in some generations to come, as the provisory there immediately can be used for a shill from 3 up to as lousy with as 10.
	en.10-parenting-tips.info /Polynesian_languages (1070 words)

	Samoan language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sāmoan or Samoan language is the traditional language of Samoa and American Samoa and is an official language in both political bodies.
		It is a member of the Austronesian family, and more specifically the Samoic branch of the Polynesian subphylum.
		The root for the inclusive pronoun may occur in the singular, in which case it indicates emotional involvement on the part of the speaker.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Samoan_language (213 words)

	[No title]
		In this paper I revisit a number of issues in the grammar of Tongan, an ergative Polynesian language (Eastern branch of MP), in the light of recent developments in grammatical theory and in the analysis of WMP languages in particular.
		It is important to note however that there are raising processes in several ergative Polynesian languages that appear to be quite unrestricted with respect to the target NP in the complement clause.
		The primary perceived disadvantage of the ASH is one which also afflicts the theoretical analysis of 'deep ergative' languages and explains the desire of theoreticians to reduce ergative languages to accusative ones: why should semantically transitive predicates in these languages treat their most patient-like argument as grammatically the most prominent (i.e.
	www.sultry.arts.usyd.edu.au /LFG98/austro/download/dukes.doc (7225 words)

	Hans Schmidt
		It is characterized by conspicuously artful pottery designs and different vessel forms, usually accompanied by further traits such as the use of earth ovens, shell tools, obsidian, one-piece fish-hooks, adzes and scrapers made of stone and shell; their dwelling places were large and close to the coast, often on offshore islands (Pawley and Ross 1993:446).
		Although “the historical relationships between the Fijian dialects themselves and with regard to the Polynesian languages cannot adequately be shown in a family tree” (Pawley 1979:13), I try and present a synthesis of the claims of Geraghty (1983) and Pawley (1996:95) in the following diagram.
		Compared to Central-Pacific languages that had not lost touch with their neighboring dialects and languages, the sound changes in Rotuman were much further reaching and more numerous during this period of isolation than in later centuries (when contact with Polynesia and perhaps with Fiji was more intensive).
	www.hawaii.edu /oceanic/rotuma/os/schmidt/Schmidt.html (3979 words)

	AFLA Abstracts
		It is also known that accusative languages have a passive construction, typically involving the passive morpheme –Cia and the agent marker e, whereas ergative languages apparently lack such a construction (Clark 1976, Chung 1978).
		is the problematic classification of Maori as an accusative language.
		In a language, such as Maori, that lacks overt scope operators, the binding of the he-indefinite is restricted to the initial position of the argument structure.
	ling.cornell.edu /afla/ABSTRACTS.htm (14523 words)

	dstub
		As is the case in virtually all Polynesian languages, Tongan sentences are typically verb initial (with a preceding tense aspect marker).
		The language displays a distinction between ergative and absolutive case marked NPs, in terms of Dixon's (1979, 1994) widely accepted characterization of ergativity.
		A fourth view, echoing Schachter's conclusions with respect to the notion of 'subject' in the Philippines languages, holds that grammatical functions such as 'subject' and 'object' have no application in the description of the ergative languages of Polynesia (Mosel 1991, Mosel and Hovdhaugen 1992).
	www.sultry.arts.usyd.edu.au /lfg98/austro/dukes/nframes/dpart2.htm (1096 words)

	A Seed Company project description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Linguistically, Takuu and Nukumanu are classified as Ellicean languages in the Samoic-Outlier cluster of the Central Polynesian language family.
		There are eight related Outlier languages in this particular cluster: three are spoken on the atolls of Papua New Guinea, two in Solomon Islands, two in Micronesia and one in Tuvalu.
		Two of these, the Takuu and Nukumanu language groups, are now ready and eager to translate the Word of God for their own people.
	www.theseedcompany.org /project.det.asp?ProjectID=533 (1260 words)

	Ethnologue: Solomon Islands
		Most important language of Santa Isabel apart from Bughotu; 57% of the population of the island.
		Literature in this language could be used by the Blablanga and Gao; a total of 6,344 people, or 70% of the island.
		Trade language previously in Western Province and as far north as Buka and Bougainville in Papua New Guinea.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Solo.html (2374 words)

	Ruhlen: Classification and List of Languages of the World
		Languages are given in capitalized lower-case letters, groups in all capitals.
		Languages and groups preceded by + are extinct.
		The number of languages in each group is shown as [extant+extinct] after the name of the group.
	www.ling.hawaii.edu /faculty/stampe/Linguistics/Ruhlen/ruhlen.html (4340 words)

	Pacific Magazine: The Salibury's Obsession
		This is the most detailed and definitive study of the language to date.
		What we have done is documented things about their language and culture." Given the small numbers that speak it and the influence of other languages on its speakers particularly because of migration, the language is endangered but not dying, says Kevin.
		In its Language Bill of 2002, the Cook Islands government stopped short of recognising Pukapuka as an official language of the country.
	www.pacificislands.cc /issue/2004/07/01/the-saliburys-obsession (782 words)

	Series list and summary descriptions - Arthur Capell (1902-1986), Guide to Records
		It is one of the most diverse countries on Earth, with over 700 indigenous languages and at least as many indigenous societies, out of a population of just over 5 million.
		Languages and dialects from the Aro and Kai Islands
		The main language of Madura is Madurese, which is also spoken on many of the 66 outlying islands.
	www.paradisec.org.au /fieldnotes/serieslist.htm (11076 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Tikopia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Historically the tiny island has supported a high-density population of a thousand or so.
		Unlike most of the Solomon Islands, the inhabitants are Polynesians, and their language Tikopian is a member of the Samoic branch of the Polynesian languages.
		Tikopians practice an intensive permaculture system similar in principle to forest gardening, and the gardens of the New Guinea highlands.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Tikopia (596 words)

	Samoan_language info here at en.album-gasoline-alley.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		An average sized adult Samoan language (about 140 lbs) requirements are 50 grams protein a day but may need to be as high as 75 grams when very Samoan language Samoan language an exercise program.
		It is a of the Austronesian family, and more indicatively the Samoic branch of the Polynesian subphylum.
		Like umpteen Austronesian languages, Samoan has disassociated words for inclusive we and exclusive we, and distinguishes singular, dual, and plural.
	en.album-gasoline-alley.info /Samoan_language (314 words)

	Y Chromosomal Evidence for the Origins of Oceanic-Speaking Peoples -- Hurles et al. 160 (1): 289 -- Genetics
		Language tree relating the 10 language groups used for Mantel testing.
		The language tree is minimally adapted from that in
		Language families and subfamilies are indicated on the branches of the tree.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/160/1/289 (6693 words)

	ETHNOLOGUE
		Of those, 38 are living languages and 2 are extinct.
		The language is influenced by French, in contrast to the Javanese of Indonesia, which is influenced by Indonesian.
		Apparently used as first language by some who are also bilingual in French, and as second language by others.
	www.tlfq.ulaval.ca /axl/pacifique/ncal-langues_Ethnologue.htm (1201 words)

	American Samoa
		The increase in population since 1960 can be attributed to improved health care and sanitation, a high birthrate, reduced infant mortality, increased life expectancy, and immigration.
		The Samoan language is part of the Austronesian linguistic family.
		The Samoic subgroup includes Samoan and the languages of Tokelau and Tuvalu.
	www.everyculture.com /A-Bo/American-Samoa.html (3242 words)

	takuu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Many of the songs are celebrations of successful relationships, whether relationships that link extended families together in productive activity or relationships binding people with their ancestors in times of need.
		Recently proposed reclassifications of the Polynesian languages place Takuu in the Ellicean outlier branch of Polynesian along with Tuvaluan, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi, Nukuria, Nukumanu, Luangiua, Sikaiana and Pileni.
		These languages, spoken in various Polynesian outlier cultures, constitute a subgroup of the Ellicean languages; the Samoic languages (Samoan and Tokelauan) are the other subgroup of Ellicean.
	www.pokerternaments.com /wiki/?title=Takuu (901 words)

	Tuvalu Car Rental / Rent a Car (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Not intelligible with Samoan, which was formerly used as a mission language.
		Language development Literacy rate in first language: Most people.
		Language development Most are literate in Kiribati, but little material is available.
	www.southtravels.com /pacific/tuvalu/traveltips/language.html (178 words)

	Languages of Vanuatu (Vanuatu Tourism)
		The number of languages listed for Vanuatu is 110.
		Of those, 109 are living languages and 1 is extinct.
		Franklin, Karl J. Review of: Beach-la-Mar to Bislama: The emergence of a national language in Vanuatu, by Terry Crowley.
	www.vanuatu.net.vu /tourism/intro/Culture/Languages-of-Vanuatu.shtml (2638 words)

	Samoan language resources
		Language (Grammar and Dictionary of the Samoan Language, with English and Samoan vocabulary) [ edit ] Miscellaneous topics American Samoa Communications in Samoa Foreign relations of Samoa List of cities in...
		...language S Samoan language Samoic languages Schouten languages South Marquesan language Sundanese language Surigaonon language T Taba language Tagalog language Tahitian language Tahitic languages Tanapag language...
		The Samoan or Samoan language is the traditional language of Samoa and American Samoa and is an official language in both political bodies.
	mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Samoan.html (1061 words)

	Polynesian Outlier NT Cluster Bible Translation Project: The Seed Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Mortlock and Tasman atolls of Papua New Guinea are home to two groups of Polynesian Outliers who speak the Takuu and Nukumanu languages.
		A New Testament has recently been published in one of the Outlier languages of Solomon Islands.
		With this New Testament as a source text, Outliers in Papua New Guinea will now be able to computer-adapt it into their languages as well.
	www.theseedcompany.org /project.asp?ProjectID=533 (290 words)

	Samoan facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A bibliography of works refered to in this file may be found in the Polynesian Literature List.
		R is pronounced somewhat like the English R rather than the flapped R found in other Polynesian languages.
		Languages of Asia and the Pacific (contains info on Samoan, including useful short vocabularies).
	www.ling.su.se /pollinet/facts/sam.html (576 words)

	Ethnologue: Tonga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The number of languages listed for Tonga is 4.
		Of those, 3 are living languages and 1 is extinct.
		If you have questions, comments, or updates on the Ethnologue, go to the Feedback page.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Tong.html (201 words)

	Cook Islands Maori - Faculty of Arts at The University of Auckland, New Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Our course will give you a basic grounding in the written and spoken language, and allow you to understand and participate in the Cook Islands' rich heritage of song dance, oratory, art and literature.
		While the emphasis is on studying Rarotongan, the 'standard' language, all our dialects of Maori (from Mangaia, Atiu, Ma'uke, Miti'aro, Aitutaki, Manihiki, Rakahanga, Tongareva) and the unique Samoic language of Pukapuka are valued and promoted.
		Each member of the academic staff has a different set of research interests, teaches specialist courses, and undertakes thesis supervision in their field.
	www.arts.auckland.ac.nz /subjects/index.cfm?S=S_COOKIS (307 words)

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