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	Sampling frequency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The sampling frequency or sampling rate defines the number of samples per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal.
		The Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem states that the sampling frequency has to be greater than twice the Nyquist frequency or, equivalently, twice the bandwidth of the signal being sampled.
		In digital video, which uses a CCD as the sensor, the sampling rate is defined the frame/field rate, rather than the notional pixel clock.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sampling_frequency (346 words)

	Digital sampling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Digital sampling is the recording, playback, looping and editing of sound in a musical context using a computer to convert the sound into a series of numbers representing the measurement of the amplitude of the sound.
		The measurement or "sample" is taken at a regular interval.
		The highest frequency in the original sound that can be represented by the samples at a given sample rate without a kind of distortion known as aliasing is limited to half the sampling rate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Digital_sampling (139 words)

	Determination of the Sampling Rate Variation for Assay Technology ChemDisk 571 Aldehyde Monitor
		Sampling rate, in L/min, was converted to mL/min, the same units often used for adsorbent tubes.
		Sampling rate variation is a function of the design of diffusive samplers, and is not dependent on the sorbent inside, or the chemical tested.
		Sampling rate variation is used by OSHA as the sampling error component of the SAE (Sampling and Analytical Error).
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/studies/srvassay/srvassay.html (3983 words)

	Determination of the Sampling Rate Variation for Supelco, Inc. DSD-DNPH Diffusive Sampler for Aldehydes
		The sampling rate and capacity of DSD-DNPH for each of the aldehydes was determined by exposing sets of three diffusive samplers to the aldehyde mixture for increasing time periods.
		The sampling rates were determined at ambient temperature and pressure and converted to their equivalent at 25°C and 760 mmHg.
		Since the sampling rates were noticeably lower at 360 minutes, one could assume that the capacity at the PEL would be exceeded before 15 minutes of sampling.
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/studies/srvsupelco/srvsupelco.html (3897 words)

	Determination of the Sampling Rate Variation for SKC 575 Series Passive Samplers
		The concept of sampling rate variation in diffusive sampling was established in previous work and it was defined as the equivalent of sampling pump error in active sampling (Ref.
		The hydrogen carrier gas flow rate was 1.2 mL/min, the nitrogen auxiliary gas flow rate was 30.5 mL/min, the septum purge flow rate was 2.1 mL/min, the detector hydrogen gas flow rate was 31.0 mL/min, and the detector air gas flow rate was 375 mL/min.
		Sampling rate variation is assumed to be a function of the design of the sampler, and not dependent on the sorbent within the sampler.
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/studies/skc575/skc575.html (3941 words)

	Sampling Rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The sampling rate is the number of samples of data taken in one second for each channel of audio being recorded.
		The sampling frequency must be at least twice as high as the highest frequency that you wish to reproduce because you must have at least 1 data point for each half cycle of the audio waveform.
		At a sampling rate of 44k, you can record up to 22khz but the filters used in the D/A conversion process have a very high rate slope at 20,000hz which will allow nothing higher than 20khz to get through.
	www.autohifi-world.de /fack/sampling.htm (674 words)

	Soil Sampling and Variable-Rate Fertilizer Application (Site-Specific Farming -- Number 2)
		The idea of varying the rate of fertilizer across a field is not new and has been conducted in a rough manner by growers since at least 1929.
		To determine whether a variable-rate application is needed, soil sampling is needed to determine what rates should be used and where the material is to be applied.
		Grid sampling uses a systematic approach and assumes that patterns are more random in a field, while the zone approach uses a more subjective and intuitive approach and assumes that patterns are present because of some logical basis.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/soilfert/sf1176-2.htm (1336 words)

	AudioVideo101.com - Audio/Video Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Later the samples are recreated from the digital data and the samples are blended together to form a complete, continuous analog signal (this is the job of the digital-to-analog converter or DAC).
		The amplitudes of the samples taken are recorded with a certain number of bits (a single bit is a single one or zero in digital information transfer; the smallest part of a digital signal).
		The sampling rate combined with the quantisation affect the potential maximum quality of an analog signal converted to and then later reproduced from digital data.
	www.audiovideo101.com /dictionary/sampling-rate.asp (739 words)

	Sampling Rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sampling rate determines the sound frequency range (corresponding to pitch) which can be represented in the digital waveform.
		In fact, the maximum bandwidth of a sampled waveform is determined exactly by its sampling rate; the maximum frequency representable in a sampled waveform is termed its Nyquist frequency, and is equal to one half the sampling rate.
		The next figure illustrates how aliasing would occur when the sampling rate is much too low for the frequency of an input signal.
	www.asel.udel.edu /speech/tutorials/instrument/sam_rat.html (293 words)

	Embedded.com - Sampling rates for analog sensors
		The sampling rate refers to the number of times the data is read from the ADC and passed along to other application components that use the data.
		The sampling rate directly affects the temporal resolution of the input signal, much in the same way as the number of bits of resolution in the ADC affects the spatial resolution.
		Specifically, the Nyquist criterion states that the sampling rate must be at least twice as fast as the highest frequency component in the input signal.
	www.embedded.com /story/OEG20030610S0038 (3063 words)

	Sampling Rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Shannon Theorem or Nyquist Law require that the sampling rate is higher than twice the maximum frequency in the digitized signal.
		Exceptions are telephone recording where the bandwidth is technically reduced to 300Hz - 3300Hz and usually a sampling rate of 8kHz is used.
		Laryngograph signals are usually sampled at the same frequency as the speech signal.
	www.phonetik.uni-muenchen.de /Forschung/BITS/TP1/Cookbook/node61.html (139 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The sampling rate is also referred to as the digitization rate.
		The recommended values are the industry standard rates of 6000 Hz or 8000 Hz.
		Proper playback requires you to play voice files using the same digitization method and sampling rate that was used when they were recorded.
	resource.intel.com /telecom/support/releases/dos/voicebrick/vfg/VFG-39.htm (66 words)

	Embedded.com - How to Choose A Sensible Sampling Rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Prioritize the trade-offs to determine a suitable sampling rate that is between the computed lower and upper bounds.
		A sample of the output for this switch is shown in Figure 4a; a filtered version of the sample output appears in Figure 4b.
		This approach yields good sampling rates relatively quickly, and adjustments to those rates, based on other application and system issues, can be made analytically in minutes, rather than relying on days or weeks of trial-and-error testing and fine-tuning.
	www.embedded.com /story/OEG20020625S0045 (3605 words)

	eFunda: Introduction to Nyquist Sampling Rate
		The sampling theorem is considered to have been articulated by Nyquist in 1928 and mathematically proven by Shannon in 1949.
		The sampling theorem clearly states what the sampling rate should be for a given range of frequencies.
		According to the sampling theorem, one should sample sound signals at least at 40 kHz in order for the reconstructed sound signal to be acceptable to the human ear.
	www.efunda.com /designstandards/sensors/methods/dsp_nyquist.cfm (380 words)

	Part C: Major Data Sources for Healthy People 2010
		Participating physicians are randomly assigned to a 1-week reporting period during the survey year, and a systematic random sample of patient visits during that period is selected by the physician, using a visit sampling rate that varies by the size of the practice.
		The survey is designed so that the sample scheduled for each week is representative of the target population and the weekly samples are additive over time.
		Response rates for the basic NHIS core questionnaire have ranged from 91 to 96 percent over the years, with rates of sample person components generally ranging from 85 to 90 percent of eligible respondents.
	www.healthypeople.gov /Document/HTML/tracking/thp_partc.htm (4546 words)

	Data Sampling Rate Reduction for the OERSTED Geomagnetic Satellite
		-norm of the sampled regression function, and dividing by a nominal "signal-to-noise ratio," which was fixed to be 5.
		Michael Purucker), which have a different sampling rate and which were collected by a different instrument, on a satellite that flew at a different altitude from the altitude at which OERSTED will fly, and data from a ground test of the OERSTED instrument (supplied by
		Torben Risbo supplied me with ground test data from the OERSTED instrument taken at a sampling rate of 25Hz on 18 March 1996, with the instrument inside field coils, on a geomagnetically quiet day.
	www.stat.berkeley.edu /~stark/Preprints/Oersted/writeup.htm (2761 words)

	Sampling Theorem
		between plus and minus half the sampling rate, and the FT is zero outside that range.
		A one-line summary of the sampling theorem is
		The sampling theorem is easier to show when applied to sampling-rate conversion in discrete-time, i.e.
	www-ccrma.stanford.edu /~jos/mdft/Sampling_Theorem.html (385 words)

	NormSoft, Inc. Knowledge Base .: What are bitrate and sampling rate, and how do they affect my audio files?
		The higher sampling rate the file is, the wider the frequency range is. In other words, higher is better quality.
		Sampling rates do not affect file size as much as bit rates do, so if space is at a premium (like on an expansion card) a good tradeoff is to create high sampling rate files with a lower bit rate, or use a variable bit rate (VBR) with a moderately high "base" setting, like 128kbps.
		If you have files that won't play because of their sampling rate, you can rip them from CD again (if that's how you got them) using a different quality setting, or use an audio conversion program to convert them to a different rate.
	www.normsoft.com /kb/idx/19/094/article (436 words)

	Sampling rate (Win)
		The sampling rate determines how often the digital converter will measure the sound pressure in the signal.
		The choice of sampling rate is determined by the highest sound frequency required for the signal.
		The highest useful sound frequency is equal to half the sampling rate.
	www.ling.lu.se /persons/Sidney/praate/sndrecmonsampwin.html (210 words)

	Safety and Health Topics: Sampling and Analytical Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sampling conditions for the TWA (0.3 ppm) PEL Sampling device: glass fiber filter followed by a polyester filter coated with mercuric chloride.
		Sampling conditions for the TWA (200 ppm and 100 ppm respectively) PEL Sampling device: coconut shell charcoal tube, SKC 575-002 Passive Sampler and 3M 3520 Organic Vapor Monitor.
		Analytical conditions: samples are extracted with carbon disulfide and analyzed by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection.
	www.osha-slc.gov /dts/sltc/methods (565 words)

	Sampling Rate and Aliasing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		So the sampling of our image data has made us go from a single FT function to a periodic, repeating FT function.
		However, if our samples are too fine, we consume excessive computer memory space and reconstructions take much time.
		In practice, sampling rate is determined by the combination of matrix size (e.g., 128x128) and zoom factor (1.0 - whole crystal, 2.0 - 1/4 of the crystal, etc.):
	www.med.harvard.edu /JPNM/physics/didactics/improc/intro/aliasing.html (202 words)

	Setting the sampling rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The default sampling rate for Wigout is 22050 samples per second.
		If you're trying to make a relatively long soundfile, and Wigout is crashing due to lack of memory, you can reduce the sampling rate on the command line.
		This will set the sampling rate to 11025 samples per second.
	grace.evergreen.edu /~arunc/wigout/html_doc/node17.htm (81 words)

	Image-Processing Tutorial - Sampling Rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sampling is choosing which points you want to have represent a given image.
		Given an analog image, sampling represents a mapping of the image from a continuum of points in space (and possibly time, if it is a moving image) to a discrete set.
		Given a digital image, sampling represents a mapping from one discrete set of points to another (smaller) set.
	www.cs.washington.edu /research/metip/tutor/tutor.samplrate.html (80 words)

	MP3 Frequency Sampling Rate - MP3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		When MP3 files talk about frequency sampling rates of 44.1 kHz, they are not talking about how high or low the notes are.
		But the sampling rate on a CD is 44.1 kHz.
		If you cut the sampling rate down to 22.05 kHz to save file space, you would now only be reproducing sounds up to a maximum "high notes" area of around 11,000 Hz.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art17669.asp (286 words)

	The Great Sampling Rate Debate
		There are essentially two sampling rates: a 4:1:1 rate and a 4:2:2 rate.
		It works like this: with a 4:1:1 rate, all four of the Luminance pixels are sampled but only one pixel from R-Y and one Pixel from B-Y is sampled.
		Obviously a higher sampling rate means more information is being captured on tape.
	www.dvshop.ca /dvcafe/dv/sample.html (299 words)

	Rane Professional Audio Reference (S)
		Sampling (Nyquist) Theorem A theorem stating that a bandlimited continuous waveform may be represented by a series of discrete samples if the sampling frequency is at least twice the highest frequency contained in the waveform.
		sampling frequency or sampling rate The frequency or rate at which an analog signal is sampled or converted into digital data.
		Slew rate is defined to be the maximum derivative of the output voltage with respect to time.
	www.rane.com /par-s.html (7808 words)

	[music-dsp] Sampling rate conversion" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Instead it only has to be calculated at the output sampling rate (this is all we need in terms of data) and also we do not need to use all 15000 coefficients all the time because most of the input samples are 0 and thus most taps of the FIR have 0 outputs.
		The 0 valued input samples come from the "zero filling" which is used to upsample, i.e.
		A simpler ratio (like 1:2) is more relaxing in that the filter order is not that high (a few hundred instead of thousands), but the effective DSP power requirement is about the same for complex and for simple ratios.
	aulos.calarts.edu /pipermail/music-dsp/2000-November/006630.html (613 words)

	Multiply Your Sampling Rate with Time-Interleaved Data Converters - Maxim/Dallas
		To increase the sampling rate of an ADC whose comparators are already running at maximum speed, the number of upper (coarse) and lower (fine) quantizer blocks must be extended.
		The LSBs are digitized during the time it takes to sample and perform a conversion with the coarse quantizer, and interleaving takes place when sampling the second time.
		The coarse quantizer is always sampling and converting, but the fine quantizers (FQ1 and FQ2) sample and digitize on alternate cycles.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/989 (1693 words)

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