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Topic: Sampling frame

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Sampling (statistics)
		Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of individual observations intended to yield some knowledge about a population of concern, especially for the purposes of statistical inference.
		Sample statistic - numerical characteristic of the sample data such as the mean, proportion or variance.
		Estimates of the population parameters obtained from a sample are called sample statistics (or sample estimates).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sampling_(statistics)/History_of_sampling (361 words)

	Introduction to Sampling
		With nonprobability sampling, in contrast, population elements are selected on the basis of their availability (e.g., because they volunteered) or because of the researcher's personal judgment that they are representative.
		Probably the most familiar type of probability sample is the simple random sample, for which all elements in the sampling frame have an equal chance of selection, and sampling is done in a single stage with each element selected independently (rather than, for example, in clusters).
		Studies with such samples are useful primarily for documenting that a particular characteristic or phenomenon occurs within a given group or, alternatively, demonstrating that not all members of that group manifest a particular trait.
	psychology.ucdavis.edu /rainbow/html/fact_sample.html (2255 words)

	PA 765: Sampling
		In systematic sampling there is the danger of order bias: the sampling frame list may arrange subjects in a pattern, and if the periodicity of systematic sampling matches the periodicity of that pattern, the result may be the systematic over- or under-representation of some stratum of the population.
		Repeated systematic sampling is a variant which seeks to avoid the possibility of systematic biases due to periodicity in the sampling frame.
		Repeated systematic sample has the side benefit that the variability in the subsample means for a given variable is a measure of the variance of that estimate in the entire sample.
	www2.chass.ncsu.edu /garson/pa765/sampling.htm (4871 words)

	CSHA - Sampling
		Optimal allocation was used to guide the relative sample sizes in each age stratum; the sampling ratio for those aged 75-84 was twice that of those aged 65-74; those aged 85+ were sampled at a ratio 2.5 times that of the 65-74 year-olds.
		The institutional sampling frame was developed from a comprehensive list of nursing homes, homes for the aged and other group dwellings such as convents.
		Sample weights were calculated for each person in the study to correct for the over-sampling of the very old, and for the fact that equal samples were drawn in each study region despite their different population sizes.
	www.csha.ca /r_sampling.asp (489 words)

	Attachment B: Sampling Guidance
		If the sampling frame includes units extraneous to the population, then as long as these excess units are readily identifiable after selection and constitute no more than 5% of the sampling frame, they can be dropped from the sample.
		Since each payment in the sampling frame is numbered consecutively, a table of random numbers or random numbers generated by a computer should be used to select the sample.
		Sampling units should not be replaced because of difficulties in performing the review or because of problems in obtaining the necessary information about the case identified by the sampled payment.
	www.acf.dhhs.gov /programs/cb/laws_policies/policy/im/im8525a2.htm (1335 words)

	Sampling the Evidence of Extension Program Impact
		If the sample we select happens to have the 20 ping pong balls with the smallest or largest level of what we are measuring, then the mean of the sample is likely to be quite different from the population mean.
		In proportionate stratified samples, the sample size in each strata is made proportionate to the population size of the stratum (Kish, 1965).
		Such a sample begins with consideration of the purpose of the evaluation, the characteristics and size of the population, the availability of a good sampling frame, and the procedures for selecting who will be in the sample.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /PD005 (4733 words)

	Sampling
		The researcher attempts to obtain sample that appears to him/her to be representative of the population and will usually try to ensure that a range from one extreme to the other is included.
		The sampling frame is the list of population elements or members from which sample is selected.
		for a population of 500 and a sample of 100, the sampling fraction is 1/5 i.e.
	courses.csusm.edu /soc360vc/sampling_text.htm (1475 words)

	Index Page
		Probability sampling is a technique used to ensure that every element in a sample frame has an equal chance of being incorporated into the sample.
		Through cluster sampling, we can randomly select hierarchical groups from the sampling frame by creating clusters that can be further sampled into finer gradations of clusters until we can obtain a list of elements.
		In quota sampling, you select sampling elements on the basis of categories that are assumed to exist within a population.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /tutorial/Ojwaya/sampling.html (1167 words)

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	Chapter 7 – Sampling
		Useful for collecting data on a group for whom generating a “sampling frame” would be impossible or difficult.
		Term used in sampling that refers to the unit about which information is collected (usually analogous to unit of analysis).
		The list of elements (boundaries) can also simply be the “sampling frame.” But many times we don’t have a full list of all elements or members of a bounded group.
	www.humboldt.edu /~mv23/chapter7.htm (893 words)

	ACF Child Care Bureau \| Measuring Improper Payments in the Child Care Program
		A sample of 150 children per State yields an estimate with approximately +/-6 percent confidence intervals with 90 percent confidence for each State, adequate for the pilot study intended to establish feasibility and estimate the cost of the methodology.
		The sampling frame was sorted by county size (defined as the number of children the county served during October 2004)—from largest to smallest counties.
		A first-stage sampling interval was determined by dividing the total number of children represented in the sampling frame by 15.
	www.acf.dhhs.gov /programs/ccb/ccdf/ipi/phase2/sec2_3.htm (1564 words)

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		During sample selection, if a known business number is initially selected, it is replaced by the next eligible number on the sampling frame, which increases the probability of selection of numbers preceded by known business numbers.
		The percentage of telephone households excluded from the sampling frame is unknown.
		The discrepancy between the percentage Non-white in the sample and the percentage Non-white in the population is an indicator of racial bias of the sample.
	www.cdc.gov /BRFSS/technical_infodata/surveydata/1997/COMPAR97.TXT (1599 words)

	Sampling Frame and Data Collection Details
		Although there are probably more communes in the West than in the East, this regional bias in sampling has deprived researchers of important systematic data concerning differences in communal life in different regions of the country.
		Sensitive to the sampling biases that have plagued most commune research (e.g., undercounting of "nameless" communes, overrepresentation of highly institutionalized groups, underrepresentation of short‑lived and nonmiddle‑class groups), fieldworkers were instructed to start their census work from a wide variety of different entry points.
		Although a random sampling of the enumerated universe would have provided the most stringent sampling criterion, much of the representative control of the six‑city sample would have been lost by random selection.
	sociology.rutgers.edu /UCDS/description/data_set_and_sampling_frame.htm (4111 words)

	BTS \| Appendix C - Sample Design, Data Collection, and Estimation
		The sample for the 2002 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) was selected using a stratified three-stage design in which the first-stage sampling units were establishments, the second-stage sampling units were groups of four 1-week periods (reporting weeks) within the survey year, and the third-stage sampling units were shipments.
		Because the 2002 sample was about half the size of the 1997 CFS sample, we were concerned about the ability of the sample to capture less frequent types of shipments (e.g., air, water, rail, and hazardous materials).
		To arrive at the final sample size, we allocated additional establishments to some of the strata so that the minimum substratum sample size was two and the probability of selecting any establishment was no less than 1 in 100.
	www.bts.gov /publications/commodity_flow_survey/2002/states/new_york/html/appendix_c.html (2474 words)

	Sampling
		The researchers discuss in their results the implications of their findings for "job satisfaction in contemporary factories." In sampling terminology, employees are the elements, the personnel list is the sample, and employees in contemporary factories are the target population.
		The distribution of characteristics of elements in a representative sample is the same as the distribution of those characteristics among the total population of elements.
		Sample in which elements are returned to sampling frame and may be sampled again
	www.dbu.edu /jeanhumphreys/Research/4sampling.htm (613 words)

	Sampling in Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sampling is the procedure a researcher uses to gather people, places, or things to study.
		Samples are always subsets or small parts of the total number that could be studied.
		The sampling distribution is a hypothetical device that figuratively represents the distribution of a statistic (some number you've obtained from your sample) across an infinite number of samples.
	faculty.ncwc.edu /toconnor/308/308lect03.htm (1693 words)

	Using Residential Mailing Lists as a Sampling Frame for In-Person Household Surveys - Publications - RTI International
		A sampling frame based on mailing addresses can be developed in a matter of weeks instead of the months usually required for field enumeration.
		Sampling frames that rely on field enumeration are constrained by costs to relatively small areas (or segments) such as Census Blocks.
		We describe our experiences with the use of mailing lists as a sampling frame for household surveys; how we evaluated the coverage of mailing lists; how the coverage of mailing lists can be supplemented; and, how demographic data can be combined with mailing lists to improve sampling efficiency.
	www.rti.org /abstract.cfm?pubid=6384 (371 words)

	Building a one-meter vegetation sampling frame
		To assemble the frame at a survey site, you push the "empty" end of a bar into the open side of the elbow on another bar.
		This is the same as the regular folding frame except you use (nominal) half inch CPVC pipe and fittings.
		Construction is the same as the folding frame above except that holes are 3/16 inch, and must be at least 1/2 inch (14 mm) from the end of a bar section.
	www.nrel.colostate.edu /projects/fhm/equipment/SamplingFrame/VegSamplingFrameInstructions.htm (2197 words)

	BRFSS - 1998 Data Limitations - Notes for Data Users
		The BRFSS standard for sample designs is that the sample must be justifiable as a probability sample of all households with telephones in the state.
		Alaska's sample design is made up of three random digit-dialed strata and four listed strata, where telephone numbers are selected from a list of putative household telephone numbers.
		The percentage of households excluded from the sampling frame is unknown.
	www.cdc.gov /BRFSS/prevdata/usernote1998.htm (576 words)

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