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	Jeremy Bentham - LoveToKnow 1911
		Bentham's family connexions would naturally have given him a fair start at the bar, but this was not the career for which he was preparing himself.
		Henceforth Bentham was a frequent guest at Bowood, where he saw the best society and where he met Miss Caroline Fox (daughter of the second Lord Holland), to whom he afterwards made a proposal of marriage.
		In 1785 Bentham started, by way of Italy and Constantinople, on a visit to his brother, Samuel Bentham, a naval engineer, holding the rank of colonel in the Russian service; and it was in Russia that he wrote his Defence of Usury.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Jeremy_Bentham (2550 words)

	[No title]
		Bentham's method may be shortly described as the method of detail; of treating wholes by separating them into their parts, abstractions by resolving them into Things, classes and generalities by distinguishing them into the individuals of which they are made up; and breaking every question into pieces before attempting to solve it.
		Bentham shall speak for himself on this subject: the passage is from his first systematic work, 'Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation', and we could scarcely quote anything more strongly exemplifying both the strength and weakness of his mode of philosophizing.
		Bentham's charge is true to the fullest extent; all writing which undertakes to make men feel truths as well as see them, does take up one point at a time, does seek to impress that, to drive that home, to make it sink into and colour the whole mind of the reader or hearer.
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /~econ/ugcm/3ll3/bentham/bentham (10394 words)

	Betham and His Works (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bentham admits that his version of the principle of utility is something that does not admit of direct proof--but he notes that this is not a problem as some explanatory principles do not admit of any such proof, and all explanation must start somewhere.
		Bentham also suggests that individuals would reasonably seek the general happiness simply because the interests of others are inextricably bound up with their own--though he recognised that this is something that is easy for individuals to ignore.
		Bentham denies that liberty is 'natural' (in the sense of existing 'prior to' social life and as thereby imposing limits on the state) or that there is an a priori sphere of liberty in which the individual is sovereign.
	skeptically.org /utilitarianismtheethicaltheoryforalltimes/id11.html (6081 words)

	ctrl[space] : Rhetorics of Surveillance
		From the very beginning of the public debate, Jeremy Bentham's model, which was at first conceived as ideal for all sorts of institutions where the control of a large number of people or animals was an important priority, served as the model for a new style of prison architecture.
		Bentham's concepts were the first to give this requirement a logical, architectural form: a comprehensive surveillance through »the gaze« took the place of any physical punishment.
		Bentham soon changed the concept of single cells, as laid out in the first plan, to that of having cells for three to four prisoners - certainly one of the most important innovations in his project.
	hosting.zkm.de /ctrlspace/e/texts/06 (2640 words)

	Leslie Stephen - The English Utilitarians In Five Webpages Page Four - Chapters Four and Five
		Bentham had fancied that all manner of 'torches from the highest regions' would come to light themselves at his 'farthing candle.' None of them came, and he was left for some years in obscurity, though still labouring at the great work which was one day to enlighten the world.
		Bentham had thus accepted the conclusions reached in a different way by the believers in that 'hodge-podge' of absurdities, the declaration of the rights of man. Curiously enough, his assault upon that document appeared in Dumont's French version in the year 1816, at the very time when he was accepting its practical conclusions.
		Bentham finding the church in his way, had little difficulty in discovering that the whole ecclesiastical system was part of the general complex of abuse against which he was warring.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /stephen04_5.htm (19159 words)

	Jeremy Bentham Biography \| World of Sociology
		Bentham's work in the areas of legal philosophy, penal reform and criminology sought to apply his philosophical principles to the English legal system and other social institutions.
		Jeremy Bentham was born on February 15, 1748, to Alicia Grove Whitehorne and Jeremiah Bentham, a London attorney.
		Bentham's brother, Samuel, provided the initial architectural design for the building, and this sparked the ideas of prison reform, which were to possess Bentham for more than twenty years.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/jeremy-bentham-soc (580 words)

	Samuel Bentham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Samuel Bentham was the younger brother of Jeremy Bentham, the famous philosopher and social reformer.
		Bentham had built a factory for manufacturing these blocks, when he met Marc Isambard Brunel, a French inventor who was also working on a concept for block-making machines.
		Bentham was working on the problem of training and supervising unskilled workers, and the Panopticon was a sort of "inspection house" that would allow a foreman to supervise all workers at once from a central vantage point.
	www3.museumofmaking.org /dbtw-wpd/bios_bentham.htm (355 words)

	Jeremy Bentham
		Bentham's family connections would naturally have given him a fair start at the bar, but this was not the career for which he was preparing himself.
		Bentham's character is peculiar", he says, "so is his place of residence.
		The time had come for deliberate reconstruction, for inquiring whether the existence of many admitted evils was, as it was said to be, unavoidable; for proving that the needs of society may be classified and provided for by contrivances which shall not clash with one another because all shall be parts of a consistent whole.
	www.nndb.com /people/639/000055474 (2316 words)

	Bentham and Coleridge: Seminal Minds
		To Bentham it was given to discern more particularly those truths with which existing doctrines and institutions were at variance; to Coleridge, the neglected truths which lay in them" ("Bentham," 214).
		Bentham judged a proposition true or false as it accorded or not with the result of his own inquiries; and did not search very curiously into what might be meant by the proposition, when it obviously did not mean what he thought true.
		And as Bentham's short and easy method of referring all to the selfish interests of aristocracies, or priests, or lawyers, or some other species of impostors, could not satisfy a man who saw so much farther into the complexities of the human intellect and feelings.
	www.victorianweb.org /philosophy/thought2.html (628 words)

	UCL Bentham Project
		Samuel’s life was spent in a more public arena than that of his somewhat reclusive brother; moreover, Samuel had a family, while Jeremy did not, and consequently had a more complicated private life.
		Samuel was initially employed as a shipbuilder, but his career in Russia gave him many other opportunities to use his talents as an engineer and inventor, constructing machinery for industrial use and experimenting with processes such as steel-making.
		Samuel was renowned for his charm and was always popular with women – he came close to contracting a marriage with a Russian countess, and had several other romantic entanglements as well.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /Bentham-Project/journal/cpwsam.htm (8362 words)

	Naval Power and British Culture, 1760-1850: Public Trust and Government Ideology (book review)
		In one of his most irritated moods, Samuel Pepys, sometime naval administrator, recorded in his diary that he and his office had just had the experience of being judged by investigators who were entirely unaware of the nature of the business of running a department of the navy.
		What Samuel Bentham wanted was a mechanism of control, and he wanted to reassert or establish trust in the public sector.
		The public morality however, would not stand it, and Samuel Bentham, who, like his brother, was bound by strong conservative principles, favoured a scheme of individual responsibility, by which was meant that every officer of prominence, and all underlings besides, had responsibility for his own desk, his own remit, so to speak.
	www.history.ac.uk /ihr/Focus/Sea/reviews/goughb.html (1531 words)

	BENTHAM, GEORGE (1800-... - Online Information article about BENTHAM, GEORGE (1800-... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Jeremy Bentham, the publicist, and of scarcely inferior ability though in a different direction.
		The mode in which George Bentham was attracted to the botanical studies which became the occupation of his life is noteworthy; it was through the applicability to them of the logical methods which he had imbibed from his See also:
		But Bentham paved the way by an intimate and exact statement of the structural facts and their accurate relationship, which is not likely to be improved.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BEC_BER/BENTHAM_GEORGE_1800_1884_.html (1780 words)

	Jeremy Bentham: His Life & Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Bentham took utility from being just a moral theory and made it into a force that shaped legislation around the world.
		Bentham’s life was like that of a missionary, only his audience was of world leaders.
		Bentham observed that the dissemination through books of utilitarianism and reforms derived therefrom was the most effective way for him to promote the publics weal.
	healthfully.org /id4.html (2566 words)

	Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: History and Heritage: People: Botanists: George Bentham
		His father was the naval architect Sir Samuel Bentham, and his uncle the political economist Jeremy Bentham.
		Although Bentham studied law and qualified as a barrister, inheritances from his father and uncle enabled him to devote his life to botany.
		Bentham spent most of his retirement working at Kew: in addition to his colonial floras, such as the Flora Hongkongensis and Flora Australiensis, he also produced the Handbook of the British Flora (1858), which promoted botany as a pastime for amateurs and became a classic.
	www.rbgkew.org.uk /heritage/people/bentham.html (222 words)

	George Bentham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Most of Bentham's work was done in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, where his name is still spoken with a very special awe.
		His father, Sir Samuel Bentham, a naval architect of historic accomplishments, spent a slice of his career in Russia assisting Prince Potemkin in his plans for that country's defence and development.
		An extra dimension of difficulty she had to overcome was caused by Bentham's use of his journals and diaries, apparently only fitfully, to check his reminiscences when he came to write them down in the latter part of his life.
	www.utpjournals.com /product/utq/681/bentham94.html (857 words)

	Samuel Taylor Coleridge
		Samuel Taylor Coleridge (October 21, 1772-July 25, 1834) was a poet, philosopher, and romantic visionary, an inescapable presence in early 19th-century England.
		John Stuart Mill coupled him with Jeremy Bentham (another man often claimed as a Unitarian) as 'the two great seminal minds of England of their age'.
		Samuel was the youngest of 13 children of an Anglican clergyman in Ottery St Mary, a Devonshire village.
	www.uua.org /uuhs/duub/articles/samueltaylorcoleridge.html (2463 words)

	Panopticon, UCL, Bentham Project: FAQS,
		181—91 there is a copy of a letter in Russian from Chichagov to Alexander I, dated 15 June 1806, which describes Samuel Bentham's plan for the establishment of a Panopticon Institute’ at the mouth of the river Okhta in St Petersburg.
		Samuel Bentham relinquished his control to his successor, Loginov in September 1807.
		I am grateful to Professor Roger Bartlett, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, UCL for precise dating of the building's construction; for the date of the conclusion of Samuel Bentham's involement and for obtaining permission from the Russian State Naval Archive for the reproduction of the image.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /Bentham-Project/Faqs/ptrsbg1.htm (388 words)

	Old Woodworking Machines
		Sir Samuel Bentham, an Englishman, patented in 1791 and 1793 principles which are in use today.
		There is a period, however, between Bentham’s time and the present, during which ambitious manufacturers struggled with the perplexities of their day, which we have found to be interesting and which we will review briefly.
		The first reliable record we have of an attempt to supersede hand planing by machinery is contained in a patent granted to Hatton in 1776, but this seems to have been only a series of crude mechanical ideas which were never put into practice.
	www.owwm.com /FAQ/History.asp (2273 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Discipline and punish Ashworth - ASystem of Terror@: Samuel Bentham The pinnacle of discipline is self-discipline.
		Samuel Bentham B Inspector General of Navel Works (1796 - 1807) though that approaches to management in the dockyards were hopelessly ineffective.
		Bentham=s objective was to design the most controllable and thus visible way to perform an activity, and second to ensure that the work was completed at the desired speed and quality.
	accfinweb.account.strath.ac.uk /classics/week7.doc (1339 words)

	Samuel Barber
		Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings is a powerful piece, packed with emotional intensity yet also extraordinarily listenable--and popular.
		Here, Barber's short masterwork of simplicity and resonance gets eight treatments, from those he approved of (Charles Munch and the strings of the Boston Symphony; the Tokyo String Quartet; organist David Pizarro; and the Smithsonian Chamber Players) to new interpretations that don't quite match with the older renditions.
		Samuel Barber's music, masterfully crafted and built on romantic structures and sensibilities, is at once lyrical, rhythmically complex, and harmonically rich.
	www.queertheory.com /histories/b/barber_samuel.htm (620 words)

	E-Flux : Panopticon. The Architecture and Theatre of the Prison - (2005-07-07)
		The Panopticon — Bentham’s architectural figure evoked in the title — has today become a metaphor relating not only to prison architecture but also, and perhaps foremost, to the society of surveillance.
		Devised as a kind of building by Samuel Bentham and then developed and popularized by his more famous brother Jeremy, the Panopticon was intended as an architecture of complete control, a trustworthy and necessary element of resocialization.
		All that is needed, then, is to place a supervisor in a central tower and to shut up in each cell a madman, a patient, a condemned man, a worker or a schoolboy.
	www.e-flux.com /displayshow.php?file=message_1120659452.txt (331 words)

	Bentham Family Genealogy Forum
		Benthams of Canterbury, Kent, England - Ann Fisk 12/27/03
		Re: Benthams of Canterbury, Kent, England - Victoria Gunnell 4/26/05
		Bentham / Bannister of Canada - robert coutts 4/24/02
	genforum.genealogy.com /bentham (287 words)

	Chapter Maudslay's Private Assistant of Autobiography by James Nasmyth
		Maudslay's most frequent visitors were General Sir Samuel Bentham, Mr.
		He was brother of the celebrated Jeremy Bentham, and he applied the same clear common-sense to mechanical subjects which the other had done to legal, social, and political questions.
		It was in the highest degree interesting and instructive to hear these two great pioneers in the history and application of mechanics discussing the events connected with the block-making machinery.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/9/70/117/24598/6.html (841 words)

	Samuel T. Coleridge
		He has been, almost as truly as Bentham, 'the great questioner of things established'; for a questioner needs nor necessarily be an enemy."
		Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born in Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, as the youngest son of the vicar of Ottery St Mary.
		He was the youngest of ten children, adored by his parents.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /coleridg.htm (1356 words)

	John Stuart Mill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		From May 1820 until July 1821, Mill was in France with the family of Sir Samuel Bentham, brother of Jeremy Bentham, the English Utilitarian philosopher, economist, and theoretical jurist.
		Nor is it sufficient to add that Mill modified the Utilitarianism that he inherited from Bentham and from his father in one way and another in order to meet the criticisms that it encountered in Victorian times.
		Raised by social reformers (his father, James Mill, and Jeremy Bentham) to be a social reformer himself, Mill's social theory was an attempt, by gradual means arrived at democratically, to combat the evils of the Industrial Revolution.
	www.towson.edu /~xsommer/jsmill.html (4254 words)

	Science Museum \| Blockmaking \| The Inventors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Sir Samuel Bentham, by his wife, Marc Brunel through the articles in Rees’s Cyclopedia, and Henry Maudslay through his assistant James Nasmyth.
		However, it is unlikely that Samuel Bentham contributed to any major element of the design of the machinery, and arguments tend to rest between Brunel and Maudslay.
		Brunel, who is considered the inventor by many historians, certainly went to Maudslay with the idea of creating a suite of machinery to produce blocks.
	www.sciencemuseum.org.uk /on-line/blockmaking/page3.asp?showinfo=yes (216 words)

	Dr. Robinson
		Bentham, Rights and Humanity: A Fight in Three Rounds.
		Bentham, Mill and Green on the Nature of the Good.
		Jeremy and Samuel Bentham - The Private and the Public.
	campus.murraystate.edu /academic/faculty/franklin.robinson/Bentham.htm (198 words)

	Professional History
		At the age of thirteen, Mill underwent a complete course in political economy and spent a year living in France with General Samuel Bentham, where he met the famed economist Jean-Baptiste Say.
		Mill felt that the degree to which an action can be considered wrong or amoral can be measured by the degree to which it creates unhappiness in others, a philosophy that gained much support in the 18th century and continues to have support today.
		Already established by 1873 as one of the leading intellectual and philosophical thinkers of his time, the Autobiography of John Stuart Mill was published in the same year that he passed away in Avignon, France, with his stepdaughter at his side.
	www.earlham.edu /~sutheda/jsmill-probio.htm (876 words)

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