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Topic: San Fernando Earthquake

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	Northridge earthquake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The earthquake had a "moderate" moment magnitude of 6.7, but the ground acceleration was the highest ever recorded in an urban area in North America [1], and it proved to be the most costly earthquake in United States history.
		The first was the Mw 6.6 San Fernando (Sylmar) Earthquake, affecting the same area in 1971; the second was the Mw 6.9 (Richter magnitude 7.1), 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake south of San Francisco; the third was the R6.5 Coalinga Earthquake on May 2, 1983.
		The 1994 event is the most damaging earthquake to strike the United States since the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1994_Northridge_Earthquake (812 words)

	AIRCurrents : 2006
		The 1971 San Fernando earthquake is one of the two largest of 17 moderate-sized main shock/aftershock sequences that have occurred in the Los Angeles area since 1920, along with the 1994 magnitude 6.8 Northridge, California earthquake.
		However, the San Fernando earthquake fault dipped toward the north under the San Gabriel Mountains, away from highly populated areas, while the Northridge earthquake fault plane dipped toward the south, into the San Fernando Valley, causing more damage because of its proximity to heavily populated areas in the Los Angeles basin.
		The San Fernando earthquake was the first strong temblor to affect the Los Angeles metropolitan area in nearly 20 years and was a turning point in the public’s awareness of seismic risk.
	www.air-worldwide.com /_public/html/air_currentsitem.asp?ID=882 (588 words)

	Geological Sciences
		During the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, the north side of the dam liquefied.
		The 1971 San Fernando earthquake was a magnitude 6.6 event that caused extensive surface rupture along the fault zone.
		Freeways close to the mountains in the northern San Fernando Valley suffered in both the 1971 and 1994 earthquakes.
	www.calstatela.edu /dept/geology/Earthquakes.htm (750 words)

	[No title]
		The mainshock's epicenter is several kilometers south of the southern end of the rupture zone of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake (magnitude 6.6).
		Most of the aftershocks of the Northridge earthquake are located to the north of the mainshock with relatively unconstrained depths.
		We call an earthquake an aftershock as long as the rate at which earthquakes are occurring in that region is greater than the rate we saw before the mainshock.
	www.stat.ucla.edu /cases/northridge/lucy_jones.txt (1627 words)

	Earthquake Hazards Assessment
		Following the Northridge earthquake, USGS geologists investigated the frequency and potential size of damaging earthquakes in the San Fernando Valley and environs.
		Following the Northridge earthquake, scientists excavated three new trenches in the area of the 1971 faulting and found new evidence suggesting the prior event was much older than 200 years.
		The Northridge earthquake was approximately equal in magnitude to the San Fernando event.
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/1996/ofr-96-0263/hazmap1.htm (3827 words)

	Damage to the Built Environment
		The building was instrumented with three accelerographs prior to the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and, thereafter, with 16 accelerometers that recorded the Northridge quake.
		The peak ground-level accelerations for the San Fernando earthquake were 0.25g, 0.14g, and 0.17g in north-south (transverse), east-west (longitudinal), and vertical directions, respectively.
		The peak roof displacements relative to the ground for the San Fernando quake were 15 centimeters in the north-south direction and 8 centimeters in the east-west direction.
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/1996/ofr-96-0263/damagebe.htm (4346 words)

	1971 San Fernando (California) Earthquake Archive
		San Fernando, California, Earthquake of February 9, 1971 in 3 volumes.
		San Fernando, California, Earthquake of 9 February 1971.
		The San Fernando, California, Earthquake of February 9, 1971.
	www.iris.edu /seismo/quakes/1971sanfernando (282 words)

	SCEDC \| San Fernando Earthquake (1971)
		Also known as the Sylmar Earthquake, this earthquake occurred on the San Fernando fault zone, a zone of thrust faulting which broke the surface in the Sylmar-San Fernando Area.
		In response to this earthquake, building codes were strengthened and the Alquist Priolo Special Studies Zone Act was passed in 1972.
		The purpose of this act is to prohibit the location of most structures for human occupancy across the traces of active faults and to mitigate thereby the hazard of fault rupture.
	www.data.scec.org /chrono_index/sanfer.html (205 words)

	Alewine, Ralph Wilson (1974-03-19) Application of linear inversion theory toward the estimation of seismic source ...
		This method is applied to the observed static displacement data from the 1964 Alaska earthquake and the 1971 San Fernando, California, earthquake.
		For the San Fernando earthquake, the static dislocation along the assumed fault plane was also found to vary considerably.
		The spatial and frequency distribution of path-corrected Rayleigh waves from the San Fernando earthquake are systematically related to the faulting process.
	etd.caltech.edu /etd/available/etd-10042005-103428 (528 words)

	Northridge Earthquake
		The earthquake occurred along a "blind" thrust fault, close to the San Andreas fault.
		The Northridge earthquake was the worst earthquake in the Los Angeles basin since the San Fernando earthquake in 1971, which had a 6.7 magnitude.
		Furthermore, the Northridge earthquake triggered landslides in the Santa Susana Mountains, Santa Monica Mountains, and western San Gabriel Mountains.
	www.vibrationdata.com /earthquakes/northridge.htm (336 words)

	Earthquake Clouds and Short Term Prediction
		A more persuasive example is the Hollister, Central California Geoeruption on March 20, 2001 [11] and its related 4.1 Hollister earthquake on July 2 [12] This earthquake had been pinpointed and predicted to the US Geological Survey with a time probability 10.2% correctly.
		Besides geoeruptions, I found the trace of the 4.3 San Fernando earthquake cloud on January 3, 2001 [13].
		On January 14, the 4.3 San Fernando earthquake occurred exactly at the pinpointed dot (34.29N, 118.40W), San Fernando, Southern California [15].
	quake.exit.com /A020804.html (1646 words)

	The Los Angeles Dam Story
		The Northridge earthquake was almost equal in magnitude to the previous San Fernando earthquake.
		The 1994 Northridge earthquake cracked the surface pavement on the upstream slope of the Los Angeles Dam.
		In contrast, the Lower San Fernando Dam, which was built to lower shaking standards and with 1912-1915 construction methods, suffered major damage during both the 1971 and 1994 earthquakes.
	quake.wr.usgs.gov /prepare/factsheets/LADamStory (999 words)

	Hazard Slides Captions
		First-story column failure, San Fernando, CA Close-up of first-story column failure at Olive View Hospital, damaged in the San Fernando (California) earthquake of 1971.
		Failure of a spirally wrapped column at the intersection of Interstate 5 and Interstate 210 caused by the San Fernando earthquake of 1971.
		Column failure at the Holy Cross Hospital during the San Fernando earthquake of 1971.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/hazard/slideset/22/22_captions.shtml (1533 words)

	THE 1971 SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE
		It was California's third worst earthquake in terms of lives lost (exceeded by San Francisco, 1906 and Long Beach, 1933) and second in terms of property damage (exceeded by San Francisco, 1906).
		The greatest damage was in the San Fernando area, near the front of the San Gabriel Mountains, where three hospitals were badly damaged (one of them accounting for the greatest loss of lives).
		Had the earthquake hit at rush hours, when the streets and freeways were full of traffic; had it hit during school hours, when schools were filled with children--our grief might be much greater.
	www.johnmartin.com /earthquakes/eqpapers/00000017.htm (1076 words)

	NEHRP Written Testimony Submitted for Record, S. Sunder, 5/8/03
		Earthquakes are among the most frightening and devastating natural disasters.
		In comparison with the $4 billion annualized loss estimate for earthquakes, the annualized loss estimate for extreme winds is about $8 B/year and for fire hazards is about $12 billion a year.
		While seismic isolation is generally accepted in earthquake engineering practice and recognized in the building codes in high-seismic areas, passive structural dampers are still gaining acceptance and semi-active devices are still in the development phase.
	www.nist.gov /testimony/2003/ssnehrp.htm (3817 words)

	GEOLOGIC SURFACE EFFECTS OF THE SAN FERNANDO EARTHQUAKE
		Because movement along faults is considered to be one of the major causes of earthquakes, the dissimilarity of the rocks now juxtaposed across the faults implies that there were unnumbered earthquakes during the long span of time it took to lift up the mountains.
		The San Fernando earthquake of February 9 is only the latest step in the continuous process of elevating these mountains.
		Landslides and rockfalls triggered by the San Fernando earthquake are both common and widespread in the foothill areas.
	www.johnmartin.com /earthquakes/eqpapers/00000021.htm (1742 words)

	PUBLIC ROADS On-Line (Summer 1994): The Northridge Earthquake: Progress Made, Lessons learned in Seismic-Resistant ...
		By comparison, the 1964 Alaska earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1; the 1971 San Fernando had a 6.4; the 1987 Whittier Narrows had a 5.9; the 1989 Loma Prieta had a 7.1; and the 1991 Sierra Madre had a 5.8.
		A major element in mitigating the effects of this earthquake was the efficiency and alacrity with which California's personnel and contractors responded to the emergency.
		The agency's commitment to mitigation of the highway-related effects of earthquakes was renewed with the establishment of a Seismic Research Program, mandated by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and conducted for FHWA by the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.
	www.tfhrc.gov /pubrds/summer94/p94su26.htm (3909 words)

	Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical Reports - The response of Veteran's Hospital building 41 ...
		During the San Fernando, California earthquake of February 9, 1971 buildings in the strongly shaken region showed both types of performance.
		The Dam was effectively over the center of energy release of the magnitude of 6.4 earthquake and the well-known Pacoima Dam accelerogram, with peak accelerations over 1g, was recorded on a steep ridge near the abutment of the Dam.
		Within the immediate neighborhood of these collapsed buildings were two other major structures that were built in the 1930's and the 1940's in accordance with building codes requiring earthquake resistance, and these survived the San Fernando earthquake without significant damage.
	resolver.caltech.edu /CaltechEERL:1980.EERL-80-03 (395 words)

	Preliminary Reports
		Maley, R.P., and Cloud, W.K., 1971, Preliminary strong-motion results from the San Fernando earthquake of February 9, 1971, in The San Fernando, California, earthquake of February 9, 1971, USGS Professional Paper 0733, p.
		Morrill, B.J, 1971, Evidence of record vertical accelerations at Kagel Canyon during the earthquake, in The San Fernando, California, earthquake of February 9, 1971, USGS Professional Paper 0733, p.
		Salsman, M.J., and J.C. Switzer, 1990, Strong-Motion records from earthquakes of June 13, 1988, November 10, 1988, and April 3, 1989, on the Calaveras fault, Central California, USGS OF 90-48 1, 36 p.
	nsmp.wr.usgs.gov /publications/preliminary_reports.html (2453 words)

	SAN FERNANDO Level Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In the San Fernando area, take Interstate 210 to the MacClay Street turnoff, proceed southwest on MacClay Street two blocks to Cometa Avenue; thence right (northwest) to the intersection of Cometa Avenue and Fernmont Street.
		The center point of the array is in the intersection.
		This short array was established across the surface rupture of the San Fernando fault following the earthquake of 9 February 1971.
	www.geol.ucsb.edu /projects/geodesy/level_lines/X0052_SAN_FERNANDO.html (120 words)

	STRUCTURES POSSIBLY RELATED TO THE 1971 SAN FERNANDO AND 1987 WHITTIER NARROWS EARTHQUAKES BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		A potential-field study of blind thrust faults in the Los Angeles area leads to relationships between interpreted structural boundaries and hypocenters related to the San Fernando (Mw 6.7) and Whittier Narrows (Mw 6.0) earthquakes.
		The simultaneous inversion of magnetic and gravity data clearly defines a north-dipping boundary that correlates with an aftershock hypocenteral pattern of the San Fernando earthquake at depths greater than about 4 km.
		This northwest-trending boundary lying roughly 5 km south of the San Gabriel fault may represent the juxtaposition of magnetic, dense granitic or gneissic diorite on the north and less dense and magnetic granite or schist on the south.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001CD/finalprogram/abstract_3608.htm (435 words)

	Seismo-Watch Noteable Earthquake, San Fernando M6.6 Earthquake
		The earthquake ruptured a segment of the San Fernando fault zone, a set of north-dipping, high-angled reverse faults along the southeastern margin of the San Gabriel Mountains.
		Landslides were widespread and caused extensive damage throughout the San Gabriel Mountains..
		Track earthquake activity in the this region with the Seismo-Watch Western Southern California Earthquake Report.
	www.seismo-watch.com /EQSERVICES/NotableEQ/Feb/0209.SanFernando.html (179 words)

	Arroyo Info Bulletin
		Research into the process and consequences of liquefaction was stimulated by catastrophic ground failures triggered by great earthquakes in the early 1960's and 1970's.
		Ground fissuring and sand boils near the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, Santa Clara, and Santa Ana Rivers resulted from the Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857.
		Liquefaction induced ground failures severely damaging the San Fernando Juvenile Hall, the Jensen Water Filtration Plant, and resulted in near-catastrophic failure of the Lower Van Norman Reservoir Dam as a result of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake.
	www.arroyogeotechnical.com /july_02.htm (340 words)

	Caltech Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory Technical Reports - Engineering studies of the San Fernando ...
		A number of accelerograms obtained during the San Fernando earthquake were analyzed to investigate the nature of the strong motion.
		The particular features studied were soil-structure interaction and the relative influence of local site conditions versus the source mechanism and travel paths of earthquake waves.
		Evidence of soil-structure interaction in the EW fundamental mode of the Hollywood Storage building is seen in the earthquake data.
	resolver.caltech.edu /CaltechEERL:1973.EERL-73-04 (280 words)

	EarthRef.org Reference Database (ERR) -- Ishida & Kanamori 1977
		The spatio-temporal variation of seismicity prior to the 1971 San Fernando, California, earthquake is studied for the area within 35 km of the epicenter.
		During the period from 1965 to 1968, the seismicity around the epicentral area became extremely low; no event was located within 13 km from the epicenter.
		During the period from 1969 to the occurrence of the San Fernando earthquake, activity around the epicentral area increased.
	earthref.org /cgi-bin/err.cgi?n=7408 (198 words)

	M 6.5 San Fernando, California Earthquake
		Statements to the Joint Legislative Committee on Seismic Safety and its Subcommittee on the San Fernando Earthquake (February 9, 1972)
		Earthquakes and City Lifelines, submitted by Duke and Moran [369 K]
		Earthquake Related Structural Engineering Problems, submitted by Johnson [356 K]
	www.eeri.org /lfe/usa_san_fernando.html (90 words)

	Find in a Library: San Fernando earthquake, February 9, 1971
		Find in a Library: San Fernando earthquake, February 9, 1971
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/abfa2a3d44b860ca.html (54 words)

	San Fernando Earthquake Photos - Photographs - Clip Art Pictures
		San Fernando Earthquake Photos - Photographs - Clip Art Pictures
		Building damage caused by the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake.
		House damaged by the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake.
	free-stock-photos.com /nature/san-fernando-earthquake.html (220 words)

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