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Topic: San Francisco volcanic field

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	Planetary Geology Group - Guidebook Background
		The crater is formed in basalt flows of the Morman volcanic field and is flanked by cones to the east.
		Although the Mormon volcanic field consists predominantly of flat-lying basalt flows, presumably erupted from various fissures, punctuated by basaltic cinder cones, the cone northwest of the lake is a rhyodasite dome dated at 3.1 million years old.
		The San Francisco Peaks complex is a composite cone of andesitic to rhyolitic compositions.
	europa.la.asu.edu /education/activities/pgoa_eg/back.html (3233 words)

	AZ Volcanos
		San Francisco Mountain is the only stratovolcano in the San Francisco Volcanic Field and was built by eruptions between about 1 and 0.4 million years ago.
		Sugarloaf Mountain, at the entrance to San Francisco Mountain’s Inner Basin, is a rhyolite lava dome.
		Elden Mountain is a steep-sided lava dome in the San Francisco Volcanic Field.
	www.thenaturalamerican.com /az_volcanos.htm (598 words)

	Photo 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The individual peaks are erosional remnants of a compound stratovolcano with lava domes.
		San Francisco Mountain is the most prominent volcano in the San Francisco volcanic field.
		Basaltic scoria cones are scattered throughout the field.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/Hopson/hopson2.html (197 words)

	SummitPost - San Francisco Volcanic Field -- Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering
		San Francisco Mountain is considered Mt. Saint Helens twin.
		This is presuming it predates San Francisco Mtn.
		Kendrick Peak is the highest lava dome in the San Francisco Lava Field.
	www.summitpost.org /area/range/236087/san-francisco-volcanic-field.html (1703 words)

	[No title]
		Age determinations for individual volcanic vents are used to estimate temporal recurrence rates of volcanism, sometimes referred to as the intensity of volcanic activity, and to correlate rates of volcanic activity with other factors, such as plate motion, rates of crustal extension, and changes in petrology.
		In volcanic fields, magma supply rates are so low that such a conduit is not maintained between volcanic eruptions; new ascending magma batches find their own path to the surface, with no opportunity to accumulate in shallow crustal magma chambers.
		Migration of volcanism in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona.
	www.cas.usf.edu /~cconnor/hazards/art4/art4.html (4263 words)

	Land Use History of the San Francisco Peaks, Arizona (part 1 of 2)
		The San Francisco Peaks are well known as the place of origin of C.
		Although the San Francisco Mountain Forest Reserve was created in 1898, pre-existing timber contracts remained valid, and timber cutting continued on the mountain.
		Today, experimental restoration treatments are underway in the ponderosa pine forest at the base of the San Francisco Peaks, and larger-scale treatments are being planned.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Places/san_francisco_peaks.htm (697 words)

	CVO Website - Arizona Volcanoes and Volcanics
		The most prominent landmark is San Francisco Mountain, a stratovolcano that rises to 12,633 feet and serves as a scenic backdrop to the city of Flagstaff.
		The San Francisco volcanic field is one of several dominantly basaltic volcanic fields of late Cenozoic age near the south margin of the Colorado Plateau.
		The volcanic field, which is predominantly of Pliocene and Pleistocene age, is just north of a broad transition zone between the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range provinces.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/Arizona/description_arizona_volcanoes.html (2842 words)

	Don't expect eruptions soon from Arizona's volcanoes \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		The state still is pockmarked with volcanic fields, from the Painted Desert in northeastern Arizona to the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in the southwestern corner.
		The field is home to Sunset Crater, Arizona's "youngest" volcano, which erupted around 1065 A.D. Indian populations benefited from the blanket of ash and cinder that the exploding crater deposited, creating fertile farmland, said Michael Ort, professor of geology and environmental science at Northern Arizona University.
		The agricultural fields supported populations for decades and the ashen fallout also acted as a mulch, trapping water and allowing it to percolate into the soil instead of running off - resulting in natural springs.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/41951 (335 words)

	GEO_PLATE_V-1.HTML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Taylor field and the Hopi Buttes and San Francisco volcanic field are described in some detail in the next two plates.
		The location of the volcanic deposits is difficult to discern in the Day VIS HCMM image; the darker patterns, which embrace some nonigneous rocks as well, are governed in part by distribution of vegetation.
		The Taos Plateau volcanics-a Tertiary field with calc-alkaline affinities-occupies the Rio Grande trench in northern New Mexico/southern Colorado, where a number of large hills carved from andesites and tholeiitic cones and plugs are major features of the landscape.
	daac.gsfc.nasa.gov /geomorphology/GEO_3/GEO_PLATE_V-1.HTML (749 words)

	San Francisco volcanic field - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The volcanic field seems to have formed from a geological hotspot, a hot area in the mantle.
		Given that Sunset Crater is such a young volcanic feature of this area and that eruptions have occurred every several thousands of years in frequency, it is likely that there will be a future eruption in the San Francisco Volcanic field.
		The volcanic field is not near San Francisco, California and should not be confused with that city.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/San_Francisco_volcanic_field (351 words)

	KAET: Monumental Arizona: Sunset Crater Volcano
		It is the youngest, least-eroded cinder cone in the San Francisco Volcanic Field, and it may be one of the longest-lived cinder cone volcanoes, with an eruptive cycle that may span more than 100 years.
		The powerful geologic processes that formed the volcano profoundly affected the way of life of local inhabitants during the 11th and 12th centuries and forever changed both the landscape and the ecology of the area.
		Sunset Crater's volcanic field was crucial to the Sinagua, Anasazi and Cohonina who lived here in the 12th and 13th centuries.
	www.kaet.asu.edu /monumental/sunset.html (472 words)

	Sunset Crater Volcano National Monument - Nature & Science
		It is viewed as unique by geologists, primarily because it is such a fresh and unweathered example of volcanic activity both within the San Francisco Volcanic Field and within the continental United States.
		At the peak of volcanic activity, at least 9 other cinder cones, numerous smaller spatter cones and fumaroles, and 3 lava flows were simultaneously active along a 6-mile-long fissure, forming a “curtain-of-fire” style eruption much like those observed today in Hawaii.
		These volcanic features remain visible as rows of small cinder cones to the southeast along the fissure, and appear to form a line of successively older parts of the overall Sunset Crater eruption.
	www.nps.gov /sucr/pphtml/subnaturalfeatures39.html (521 words)

	EO Newsroom: New Images - San Francisco Peaks Volcano Field
		Less widely known are the hundreds of geologically young volcanoes scattered across the southern portion of the Colorado Plateau at the eastern foothills of the San Francisco Peaks.
		The catastrophic result of an eruption at San Francisco Mountain about 400,000 years ago is visible in the collapsed look of the mountain’s eastern flank.
		Lava and other volcanic material appear purple, and the cinder cone field is tinged with green, as vegetation begins to colonize the newly laid landscape.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17283 (339 words)

	Sunset Crater Volcano NM
		John Wesley Powell, who had navigated the Grand Canyon in 1869, returned to this area in 1885 as head of the U.S. Geological Survey to explore the San Francisco volcanic field and Sunset Crater.
		San Francisco Peaks, the high mountains 8 miles west, dominate the field and are regarded as sacred by the Navajo and Hopi peoples of today.
		During this period, these eruptions spewed volcanic ash, the lightest and smallest of the particles, over an 800 square mile area of northern Arizona.
	www.desertusa.com /sun/du_sun_desc.html (807 words)

	Untitled Document
		Sunset Crater Volcano, standing1000 feet tall, is the youngest volcano in the San Francisco Volcanic Field having erupted less than 1000years ago.
		Lava River Cave, west of the San Francisco Peaks, is a lava tube that was formed when lava flowing below the surface drained out and left behind this cave.
		View from San Francisco Peaks, a composite volcano built by eruptions between 1.0 and 0.4 million years ago.
	www.adrian.edu /earthscience/Internships/Holesinger/Kent05.htm (396 words)

	North-central Arizona (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		San Francisco Volcanic Field: Arizona's highest summit and hundreds of other volcanoes rise in scenic splendor.
		The most striking include the San Francisco Peaks, of which Humphrey's Peak at 12,633 feet is Arizona's highest mountain.
		Regional ancestral Puebloan cultures began to form, classified by scientists as the Anasazi of the Colorado Plateau, the Mogollon of the eastern Arizona uplands, and the Hohokam of the desert to the south.
	www.arizonahandbook.com /NC_AZ.htm (1478 words)

	IUP Geoscience Virtual Field Trip 1999 -- Sunset Crater National Monument
		Sunset Crater is the youngest volcano of the San Francisco Peaks volcanic field that is made up of over 800 cones.
		Most of the cones of the San Francisco peaks are made of cinders like Sunset Crater.
		The San Francisco Peaks volcano is a different type of volcano called a composite cone or stratovolcano.
	www.iup.edu /fieldtrip/sunset.html (1070 words)

	KnoxNews: Travel
		I asked if he was familiar with the volcanic past in his back yard, and turned my head to glance the moonlight-bathed behemoth behind us.
		At almost 10,000 feet, the view included the north side of the volcanic field, as well as the distant South Rim area of the Grand Canyon.
		At the young end of the field, about 940 years ago, the area's original inhabitants, the Sinagua people (sin agua is "without water") first watched the ground break open at what is now Sunset Crater and spray a geyser of molten rock on and off for as long as 200 years.
	www.knoxnews.com /kns/travel/article/0,1406,KNS_336_5208290,00.html (1508 words)

	San Francisco Peaks
		The majestic San Francisco Peaks, highest of all Arizona mountains, soar 5,000 feet above the surrounding plateau.
		The Hopi believe that the Peaks are the winter home of their kachina spirits and the source of clouds that bring rain for crops.
		The San Francisco Peaks surround a giant U-shaped valley known as the Inner Basin.
	www.arizonahandbook.com /sf_peaks.htm (2128 words)

	sfvolfld
		Published references are the same as for the previous San Francisco sources, although Robinson only mentions it in passing (1913:67).
		Sitgreaves Mountain (or Peak) is the largest single mass of rhyolite in the San Francisco field (Robinson 1913).
		Moore, R.B., and Wolfe, E.W. Geological map of the eastern San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona.
	www.swxrflab.net /sfvolfld.htm (1734 words)

	Pattern Indicator: Cones, Cinder
		This cinder cone is one of several hundred in the San Francisco Volcanic Field near Flagstaff, Arizona.
		The cinders in such cones are frequently mined for use as road ballast and as aggregate in bituminous concrete.
		Wolfe, E.W. The Volcanic Landscape of the San Francisco Volcanic Field.
	www.tec.army.mil /research/products/desert_guide/lpisheet/lp263.htm (497 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Uinkaret Field \| Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Uinkaret volcanic field straddling the Grand Canyon contains cinder cones that have produced lava flows that repeatedly cascaded into the Grand Canyon, forming temporary lava dams up to 200 m high.
		Most of the Uinkaret field lies north of the Grand Canyon on the Uinkaret Plateau between the Toroweap and Hurricane faults.
		The Uinkaret volcanic field is largely Pleistocene in age, and Vulcan's Throne has a cosmogenic helium age of about 73,000 years.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1209-01- (207 words)

	Arizona
		Surficial Geology: Many of the volcanoes in the volcanic field have changed little since their formation, due to the arid climate of the region.
		Of course San Francisco Peaks has been altered more by erosion than the younger landforms, but the present rugged topography likely resulted from an explosive eruption that destroyed the upper part of the edifice.
		The Navajo call San Francisco Peaks "Doko’oosliid", or Abalone Shell Mountain, and it is one of the four sacred peaks surrounding their homeland.
	www.unh.edu /esci/arizona.html (261 words)

	Timing of basaltic volcanism along the Mesa Butte Fault in the San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, from 40Ar/39Ar ...
		Ar methods, we dated volcanic products of at least 12 vents cropping out along the northern segment of the Mesa Butte Fault in the San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, where the relationship between fault and vent alignment is unambiguous.
		Ages of vents representing the third (Mesa Butte) episode of volcanism (760±50 ka to 900±80 ka) indicate a systematic southwestward shift in the locus of volcanism along the Mesa Butte Fault that contrasts sharply with overall eastward younging of volcanism within the field.
		These results suggest that probability models of spatiotemporal recurrence of volcanism within basaltic volcanic fields should incorporate mapped structures, particularly where these structures have either hosted previous volcanic activity or are proximal to population centers or sensitive installations, such as nuclear power plants or waste repositories.© 1997 American Geophysical Union
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/1997/96JB02853.shtml (434 words)

	The San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona \| USGS Fact Sheet 017-01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The peaks of San Francisco Mountain, an eroded stratovolcano—which includes Arizona’s highest point, Humphreys Peak at 12,633 feet—tower over the ruins of an ancient Native American pueblo in Wupatki National Monument.
		This digital elevation model (DEM) of the San Francisco Volcanic Field shows many of the more than 600 vents which have erupted in the area during the past 6 million years.
		Flagstaff lies at the south-central edge of the volcanic field nestled between the base of Elden Mountain and the Observatory Mesa flow emitted from A-1 Mountain.
	geopubs.wr.usgs.gov /fact-sheet/fs017-01 (1434 words)

	Sunset Crater, Arizona
		Sunset Crater is in the eastern part of the San Francisco volcanic field.
		The Sunset eruption is unusual because the volume of volcanic products (about 0.7 cubic miles, 3 cubic km) is large for a strombolian event, the air fall dispersal was large, and the discharge rate for magma was high.
		Moore, R.B., 1974, Geology, petrology and geochemistry of the eastern San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Map I-953, scale 1:50,000.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/img_sunset.html (555 words)

	BSSA, Volume 89:1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This major volcanic center is interesting because of its location on the margin of the Colorado plateau and because of the diversity of the composition of the volcanics.
		Although other interpretations are possible, we believe that these high-velocity regions most likely represent igneous intrusions associated with the volcanic centers that formed the San Francisco volcanic field.
		Gravity data in the San Francisco volcanic field area also indicate that these high-velocity regions are coincident with high-density bodies at upper crustal depths.
	www.seismosoc.org /publications/BSSA_html/bssa_89-1/95031.htm (186 words)

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