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	San Patricos
		The San Patricios were acclaimed as one of Mexico’s most fearless units.
		The convent fortress was finally overwhelmed, and when it was, only 85 members of the San Patricios were left, captured, and court-martialed.
		So, the story of the San Patricios was buried and so it remained.
	www.aoh.com /Hist0703.html (1772 words)

	Fogarty, Jaime: "The St. Patricio Battalion: The Irish Soldiers of Mexico"
		The San Patricios were transferred from San Luis Potosí to Jalapa and took part in the Battle of Cerro Gordo which ended in defeat for the Mexican forces.
		The San Patricio Companies together with the Los Bravos Battalion occupied the parapets of the building which was to become the scene of one of the bloodiest battles of the war.
		San Jacinto Plaza thus became the scene of bloody and mangled bodies, mingled with the repulsive odor of the burning flesh of the tortured San Patricios.
	www.irishargentine.org /sanpatriciosB.htm (1774 words)

	Deserters or unsung heroes: St. Patrick's Battalion
		The San Patricios fought in five major battles with the Mexican Army: On May 3, 1846 in Matamoros; on September 21, 1846 in Monterrey; on February 22, 1847 at the Battle of Buena Vista (Angostura, for the Mexicans); on April 17, 1847 at Cerro Gordo, and August 20, 1847 at Churubusco.
		Although the San Patricios were defeated at Churubusco, their proficiency and bravery elicited praise from various Mexicans: Santa Anna said that if he had commanded a few hundred more men like them, he would have won the battle.
		San Patricio casualties at Churubusco were devastating: when the battle began, the two companies were apparently at full strength of 102 men each.
	www.hispanianews.com /archive/2000/March17/01.htm (1192 words)

	SAINT PATRICK'S BATTALION : Encyclopedia Entry
		The San Patricios first fought as a recognized Mexican unit in the Battle of Monterrey (21 September 1846), as a battery of artillery commanded by John Riley.
		When the San Patricios were too heavily engaged to carry out their threat, the Mexican troops broke and ran, leaving the San Patricios as they fought U.S. troops in hand to hand combat.
		By order of General Winfield Scott, 30 San Patricios were to be executed at the precise moment that the flag of the United States replaced the flag of Mexico atop the citadel.
	www.bibleocean.com /OmniDefinition/Saint_Patrick%27s_Battalion (1164 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		So most Irish-American scholarship on the San Patricios, until recently, was devoted to proving that a) the unit was not really Irish, b) if it was Irish, it was not Catholic, and c) in case a and b were proven correct, it was an ineffectual band of drunks who had repudiated their Irish heritage.
		San Patricio Battalion If one were to ask most Americans about the U.S.-Mexican War they would probably respond with a blank face.
		At the close of the U.S.-Mexican War numerous members of the San Patricio Battalion remained in Mexico or returned to their European homelands, for they were unable to return to the United States.
	www.netsoc.ucd.ie /~kobrien/SanPatricio.html (3891 words)

	Connaughton, Michael: "Beneath an Emerald Green Flag: the Story of Irish Soldiers in Mexico"
		Those sympathetic to the San Patricios state that they drew parallels between US invasion of Mexico and the plight brought upon Ireland by her colonial master.
		Each year in Plaza San Jacinto a commemoration in their honour is faithfully attended by dignitaries from the Mexican government and military, Irish embassy staff as well as members of the public.
		In the website of the Descendants of Mexican War Veterans, the San Patricios battalion is depicted as "a group of mostly Irish deserters from the U.S. Army who joined the Mexican Army and fought against their former comrades during several battles of the U.S.-Mexican War.
	www.irishargentine.org /sanpatriciosA.htm (1047 words)

	Wikinfo \| San Patricios (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The San Patricios were the members of the Legion of Saint Patrick who fought as a unit of the Mexican Army in the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848 a.k.a.
		After their capture by the United States Army, 50 of the San Patricios were hanged in mass executions.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.org /wiki.php?title=San_Patricios (243 words)

	San Patricio Battalion - connemara.net
		A replica of the San Patricio flag was presented to President Robinson by Chairman Kevin Joyce and Secretary Brendan O'Scanaill.
		The story of the San Patricios has already been given the film treatment by Mark Day of California and it was shown on RTE earlier this year.
		The fate of the San Patricios was sad and cruel, as the U.S. meted out severe punishment to the Irish group when the Americans finally overran Mexican territory.
	www.connemara.com /history/sanpatricios2.php (561 words)

	San Patricios - The Irishmen who died for Mexico
		The history of the San Patricios is a woeful tale of angry, bewildered, naive, or calculating young men, from varied backgrounds, who deserted for a myriad of reasons and paid a fearful price.
		The San Patricios, in the words of one Mexican general, "deserved the highest praise, because they fought with daring bravery." But eventually, Mexico surrendered, ceding almost half its territory to the United States.
		The San Patricios ultimately suffered severe casualties at the famous battle at Churubusco, which is considered the Waterloo for the Mexican Army in this war.
	www.vivasancarlos.com /patrick.html (812 words)

	[No title]
		The men became known as the San Patricios (St. Patrick's Battalion) because of the banner they carried into battle against the U.S. Army during its war on Mexico.
		On Sept. 12, Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo honored the San Patricios at a ceremony at San Jacinto Plaza in Mexico City where the first 50 of the soldiers were hanged.
		The San Patricios probably could not foresee that United States expansionism that was just beginning with the seizure of Mexican lands would give birth to the current era of worldwide imperialist rule.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/97rad/The_Fighting_Spirit_of_the__San_Patricios_ (714 words)

	Mexican Folklórico Bulletin Board - Edit this post
		Led by Capt. John Riley of County Galway, they called themselves the St. Patrick's Battalion (in Spanish, the San Patricios), and fought against their former comrades in all the major campaigns of the war.
		The San Patricios, in the words of one Mexican general, "deserved the highest praise, because they fought with daring bravery.'' But their efforts were not sufficient to stem the tide of continuous U.S. victories.
		After the Battle of Churubusco, near the end of the war, 85 San Patricio soldiers were captured and 72 were tried by a court martial.
	www.alegria.org /cgi-bin/postings.cgi?action=editpost&forum=Art+\|AMP\|+Culture+/+Art+y+Cultura&number=9&topic=000035.cgi&ReplyNum=000000&TopicSubject=The+San+Patricios:+Mexico\|APO\|s+Fighting+Irish+ (806 words)

	Fall Of The West Records :: View topic - Remember the San Patricios! (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Saint Patrick's Battalion, "The San Patricios," a notable arm of the Mexican Army during the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848.
		The history of the San Patricios is a woeful tale of angry, bewildered, naive, or calculating young men, from varied backgrounds, who deserted for a myriad of reasons and paid a fearful price.
		Each San Patricio who deserted from the US side was interned after the war in Mexico and subsequently given an individual court-martial trial.
	www.soulofanangel.com /forum/viewtopic.php?p=9753 (735 words)

	PATRICIO
		Herrera, in order to end the problems with the San Patricios and dispel any further crises as well as to cut the postwar budget, dissolved the company in 1848, a short time after it received its last military expenditure in August.
		While some members of the San Patricio company petitioned the government of Mexico for help in returning to their European homelands, most remained in Mexico as they could not return to the United States.
		So most Irish-American scholarship on the San Patricios, until recently, was devoted to proving that a) the unit was not really Irish, b) if it was Irish, it was not Catholic, and c) in case a and b were proven correct, it was an ineffectual band of drunks who had repudiated their Irish heritage.
	www.sanpatricio.us (2181 words)

	Mexican-American War: Saint Patrick's Battalion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Saint Patrick's Battalion (or Battalion de Los San Patricios) was a battalion of North American Irish and other Roman Catholic soldiers which fought with the Mexican army against the United States in the Mexican War.
		The San Patricios have a somewhat cloudy early history, and very little is known for certain regarding their recruitment.
		The San Patricios first emerged during the Battle of Monterrey, as a battery of artillery commanded by a former United States Lieutenant and Irish-born immigrant, Jon Riley.
	www.african-american-inventors.com /books/Mexican-American_War/Saint_Patricks_Battalion.shtml (484 words)

	St. Patrick
		The San Patricios did not want to be on the side of the exploiters, the expansionists, religious bigots and the slave owners.
		The San Patrcio Battalion, also known as Irish Volunteers, "Los Colorado's" (because of the disproportionate number of red-headed soldiers): San Patricia Guards; San Patricio Company; Foreign Legion; Legion of strangers and other designations, they were mainly made of immigrants to America who fought on the Mexican side in the Mexican/American War.
		The San Patricios, whose bravery and skill were noted by the Mexican officers, fell back with their allies on Mexico City.
	www.noraid.com /SaintPatrick.htm (3176 words)

	Tucson Weekly : currents : Under a Green Banner
		Many San Patricios died in battle, but of those captured by the Americans toward the war's end, 50 were hung as traitors.
		The San Patricios had their last stand in August 1847 at Churubusco, fighting at the convent of Santa Maria de Los Angeles.
		As the battle came to its end, the San Patricios twice pulled down the white flag of surrender strung up by other troops, knowing full well that hanging was the fate of deserters.
	www.tucsonweekly.com /gbase/currents/Content?oid=oid:66768 (4454 words)

	Denver Catholic Register - Local News
		The story of the San Patricios — St. Patrick's Battalion —; is an obscure footnote in a war many Americans would prefer to forget.
		The San Patricios were originally an artillery unit, but later in the war they served both in the artillery and in two companies of infantry.
		The San Patricios are still honored annually in Mexico and in Ireland, and stand-ins for the battalion have even been accepted in recent St. Patrick's Day parades in the United States.
	www.archden.org /dcr/archive/20020313/2002031315ln.htm (840 words)

	Irish Cultural Society of the Garden City Area
		The Irish were a key element in the formation of a battalion of deserters, the San Patricios.
		However, the Mexican attitude toward the same executions is quite the contrary: a memorial service for the San Patricios is held every September 12th - the day of execution - in Mexico City attended by children from the nearby San Patricios school and by Mexican and Irish officials.
		The memorial is a stone plaque in San Jacinto Plaza expressing the gratitude of Mexico to the men who sacrificed their lives for Mexico in the invasion of the North Americans.
	www.irish-society.org /Hedgemaster%20Archives/San_Patricios.htm (875 words)

	San Patricios - Definition, explanation
		Die San Patricios, benannt nach dem irischen Nationalheiligen Patrick, bestanden zumeist aus Katholiken, die von ihren protestantischen Offizieren wegen ihres Glaubens diskriminiert wurden und nicht gegen ein katholisches Land kÃ¤mpfen wollten.
		Nach dem Sieg der USA wurden nahezu alle Mitglieder der San Patricios in Kriegsgerichtsverfahren verurteilt.
		In Mexiko gibt es in nahezu jeder grÃ¶Ãeren Stadt eine StraÃe, die nach den San Patricios mit dem Nachnamen "O'Brien" benannt ist.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/s/sa/san_patricios.php (528 words)

	Abby Bender MLA 2002 (printable)
		The "Battalon de San Patricio," renowned for their bravery in the face of certain defeat, was led by the Irish-born John Riley.
		Although it may be tempting to read the San Patricios as unanchored, nation-less pirates, this was not the case; they were engaged in a war of nations, not a mutiny.
		However, the San Patricios, or at least the traditions of history and memory that have told their story, suggest that even these solidarities must be approached responsibly.
	www.case.edu /affil/sce/Texts_2002/Benderptr.html (4478 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / THE SAN PATRICIOS
		They called their settlement San Patricio, or St. Patrick, and they may have given the name of their home to the battalion that was taking shape at San Luis.
		But the support systems were built into the San Patricio Battalion from the start: outriders, two infantry companies, and sharpshooters made up of soldiers who knew their only job was to get the guns into action, maintain them, and withdraw them safely.
		It was a simple, straightforward paragraph that assured the San Patricios of their lands and bounties or relocation to a neutral country after the war.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1995/7/1995_7_68_print.shtml (5609 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mexico and Ireland Join in Honoring the San Patricios This year marks the 150th anniversary of the execution of sixteen members of the San Patricio Battalion by the US government.
		The San Patricios were a group of mostly Irish Immigrants who deserted from the US Army during the Mexican-American War and joined the fight against America imperialism on behalf of the Mexican nation.
		IRSC North American Coordinator, Peter Urban, spoke at the San Francisco event on the example set by the San Patricios for other Irish Americans and Irish activists in the US to oppose US imperialism with vigor equal to that they expend in opposition to British imperialism in Ireland.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/97ire/Mexico,_Ireland_Honor_San_Patricios'_150th_Anniversary (363 words)

	[No title]
		This September marks the 150th anniversary of the U.S. military executions of the San Patricios -- 68 mostly-Irish immigrants who, in a tremendous act of solidarity, deserted the U.S. Army and fought in five major battles on the side of the Mexicans.
		Like many Irish, those in the San Patricios had emigrated to the U.S. to avoid the 1846-50 famine.
		Little is documented regarding the San Patricios' reasons for joining Mexico against the United States.
	www.rtis.com /reg/bcs/pol/touchstone/november97/daly.htm (789 words)

	Were San Patricios traitors? * Bettnet.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The San Patricios are rightly honored as heroes in Ireland and Mexico.
		A good book on the Mexican-American War, particularly regarding the San Patricios, is The Irish Soldiers of Mexico by Michael Hogan, an American who is the head of the Department of Letters and Humanities at the prestigious American School in Guadalajara, Mexico.
		The San Patricios fought against America because, in their American experience, America went to war against them and their faith, and subsequently against the faith of their brothers and sisters in Christ in overwhelmingly Catholic Mexico.
	bettnet.dyndns.org /blog/index.php/weblog/comments/were_san_patricios_traitors (1965 words)

	Remembering the San Patricios
		Led by a Clifden man, John Reilly, and fighting under a green banner bearing the St Patrick's cross, harp and shamrock, the San Patricios were among the finest units in the Mexican army.
		At Churubusco, the San Patricios continued fighting until only eighty were left alive to be taken prisoner.
		As deserters from the US Army, the San Patricios could expect little mercy from their captors and, in September 1847, fifty of the prisoners were hanged.
	www.galwayadvertiser.ie /ent/2108/remember.htm (331 words)

	ENOUGH FANZiNE \| punk, hc, emo, ska music magazine and more
		While 50 San Patricios were sentenced to death, five others were pardoned and 15 others received a reduced sentence.
		The San Patricios who faced the gallows were hanged in their Mexican uniforms and buried in graves dug by Riley and the other branded prisoners.
		The war was over and in the name of historical cleansing, the legend of St. Patrick's Battalion was essentially forgotten north of the border (except for the San Patricios column that marches in the San Francisco St. Patrick's Day parade each year).
	www.enoughfanzine.com /index.php?cID=41&view=columns_detail (820 words)

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