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Topic: Sanabares of Parthia

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Mithridates II of Parthia

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Phraates II of Parthia

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Arsaces II of Parthia

Mithradates I of Parthia

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	Parthia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the East and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia).
		In 41 BCE, Parthia, led by Labienus, invaded Syria, Cilicia, and Caria and attacked Phrygia and Asia Minor.
		According to a modern estimate, the gold and silver were sufficient to postpone a European economic crisis for three or four decades, and the consequences of the looting for Parthia were dire.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Parthia (2976 words)

	Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Parthia was led by the Arsacid dynasty, who reunited and ruled over the Iranian plateau, taking over the eastern provinces of the Greek Seleucid Empire, beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 150 BCE and 224 CE.
		Parthia (mostly due to their invention of heavy cavalry) was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the east; and it limited Rome's expansion beyond Cappadocia (central Anatolia).
		A bust from The National Museum of Iran of Queen Musa, wife of Phraates IV of Parthia, excavated by a French team in Khuzestan, Iran in 1939.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parthia (3005 words)

	Parthia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Parthia, or known in their native Iranian language as Ashkâniân [1] (also called the Arsacid Empire) was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE.
		In 53 BCE, the Roman general Crassus invaded Parthia, but was defeated at the Battle of Carrhae by a Parthian commander called Surena in the Greek and Latin sources, most likely a member of the Sûrên clan.
		Parthia derives from Latin Parthia, from Old Persian Parthava-, a dialectical variant of the stem Parsa-, from which Persia derives.
	www.airandspace.org /encyclopedia/Parthia (3178 words)

	Parthia - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Parthia was the arch-enemy ofthe Roman Empire in the East and it limited Roman's expansionbeyond Cappadocia (modern-day central Turkey).
		In his accounts Parthia is named "Anxi",a transliteration of "Arsacid", the name of the Parthian dynasty.
		ZhangQian clearly identifies Parthia as an advanced urban civilization,which he equates to those of Dayuan (in Ferghana) and Daxia (in Bactria).
	www.free-web-encyclopedia.com /?t=Parthia (2463 words)

	History of Iran: Parthian Empire
		After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, northeastern Iran, was governed by the Seleucid kings: a Macedonian dynasty that ruled in the Asian territories of the former Persian Empire.
		In the confusion, Parthia was overrun by the Parni, a nomad tribe from the Central-Asian steppe.
		Parthia controlled the Silk Road, the route from the Mediterranean Sea to China.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/parthians/parthians.php (1968 words)

	Parthia
		In 116 CE, Trajan captured Ctesiphon, and established new provinces in Assyria and Babylonia.
		The English noun Parthia derives from Latin Parthia, from Old Persian Parthava-, a dialectical variant of the stem Parsa-'', from which Persia derives.
		It is licensed under the GNU free documentation license.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/pa/Parthia.htm (2833 words)

	Parthia: History
		It was the next king, Mithradates I, who transformed Parthia into a major power through his conquests at the expense of the Seleucids and the Bactrians.
		By the time of Mithradates I's death, Parthia had expanded to include Mesopotamia, the richest and most populous of the regions in the Parthian empire, and the most Hellenized, as well as Elymais and Persis, thus completing their control of the overland trade routes between east and west.
		The next major invasion of Parthia by Rome occurred during the reign of Vologases I, who attained the throne in 51 AD with the help of his two brothers, Tiridates and Pacorus II.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/parthia/frames/phisfm.htm (2182 words)

	CoinArchives.com Search Results
		Newell, Mithradates of Parthia and Hyspaosines of Characene: A Numismatic Palimpsest (NNM 26 [1925]), pl. II, 7; Houghton 1322 corr.
		Parthia, Mithradates II (c.122-91 B.C.), Seleucia, AR Tetradrachm, 15.77g., diademed bust of king left, within circular beaded border, rev. archer seated right on omphalos, legend around: baÓiËeÙÓ meÃaËoy apÓakoy eÐiÖanovÓ, letters tv in exergue (cf.
		Parthia, AR Drachms (3): Gotarzes I (Phraates III) (95-90 B.C.), bust of king left, wearing tiara decorated with stags; Vardanes I (c.
	www.coinarchives.com /a/results.php?results=1000&search=parthia (4968 words)

	Articles - Sanabares of Parthia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sanabares of Parthia was a rival King of Parthia from c.
		There is not much known about Sanabares, except from a few coins witnessing to his rule as a Parthian king, with his capital in the city of Merv for about fifteen years.
		He was rival to Gotarzes II of Parthia (reigned 40â€“51), Vonones II of Parthia (reigned 51), Vologases I of Parthia (reigned 51â€“78) and Vardanes II of Parthia (reigned 55â€“58).
	www.afinest.com /articles/Sanabares_of_Parthia (112 words)

	Parthian Ruler List
		Introduced the Parthian tiara, which became a standard symbol of kingship in many eastern kingdoms and initiated the depiction of the golden throne of the Arsacids on the reverse.
		Re-established strong central control in Parthia and influence in Armenian affairs, and was responsible for defeating Roman ambitions in the east, most notably with the defeat of Crassus at Carrhae in 53 BC.
		His drachmas are among the most common of Parthian coins and show a progression from a short beard to a long beard.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/numismatics/parthia/frames/prulfm.htm (1456 words)

	Arsacid Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Arsacid Dynasty ruled in Persia, their realm is also called Parthia which included the Iranian plateau and intermittently Mesopotamia, from 253 BC until their overthrow by the Sassanid Dynasty in AD At certain times Arsacid Kings also ruled over Armenia.
		The 1st century BC, with the fall of the last remains of the Hellenistic kingdoms, saw the emergence of what were to be the Parthians' mortal enemies: the Romans and the Kushans, with whom the Parthians were to be engaged in many wars and disputes.
		In 247 BC two brothers, Arsaces (Arschag) and Tiridates, members of the nomad Iranian tribe of the Parni, first mentioned in this century and migrating south from the banks of the Amu-Darya, occupied the Seleucid satrapy of Parthia (the district of Tejen) by defeating and killing its governor Andragoras.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Arsacid.htm (908 words)

	List of kings of Persia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		His son Hystaspes was Satrap of Parthia under Cambyses II, Smerdis and his son Darius.
		In 253, the Arsacid Dynasty established itself in Parthia.
		The Parthians gradually expanded their control, until by the mid 2nd century BC, the Seleucids had completely lost control of Persia.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/List_of_kings_of_Persia (1234 words)

	Roman Timeline [Archive] - Alternate History Discussion Board
		Sanabares, seeing the size of Nepo's main force, thought that the Romans must have suffered serious casualties and his army surged forward, allowing the two other groups to slip behind them and attack them just as the Parthians began to attack Nepos.
		South of Parthia Inferior and north of Persia Inferior lay the province of Carmania.
		East of Parthia Superior was Margiana, with Aria to the south of that.
	www.alternatehistory.com /Discussion/archive/index.php/t-366.html (19929 words)

	Sicariid Christianity - Alternate History Discussion Board
		AD 32-33 - While his troops are camped in Bohemia, braving out a local winter, Tiberius makes a swift return to Rome to confirm to the Senate that Lucius Aelius Sejanus did indeed do the right thing, and to publically appoint the clever Pratorian to the position of Tiberius' heir.
		And upon his death, it will be inherited by the Roman Empire, directly administered by the Emperor (at least, that was the wording of the treaty at war's end).
		Many of the Roman soldiers who died in the fighting, were early Christians -- any possible claims of heresy against them, were washed away by their martyrdom for their faith and simaltaneous loyalty-to-death for the Roman Empire.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=27601 (7429 words)

	Parthian Related Coins
		Similar to drachms found with diobols of Vologases I and II, Artabanos III and Pakoros II among a large group of coins of Persis; possibly from unknown mint in Persis.
		The coins of Sanabares (with Greek/Pahlavi legends) are usually included with the 'Indo-Parthian' types but differ from the other coins of the series (all other Indo-Parthian coins have Greek/Kharosthi legends, although the Sind drachms of Abdagases II and Pakores have an abrieviated Pahlavi legend behind the bust on the obverse.)
		Legend reconstructed by Alexander B. Nikitin as: prssn BRY 'twrssn BRY BRY tyrdty BRY npy s'nbry MLKYN MLK' (Farn-Sasan, son of Adur-Sasan, grandson of Tiridates, descendant of Sanabares, King of Kings).
	www.grifterrec.com /coins/par_rel/par_rel.html (1291 words)

	Edessa - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		There were other campaigns between the two empires, and Osrhoene must have suffered badly, but it was able to retain its independence under its Abgaride kings, who were sometimes able to play a considerable role in the international politics.
		For example, in 49-50, Abgar V was an important actor in the struggle between the Parthian kings Gotarzes II and Sanabares.
		This independence came to an end by the 160's CE, when the Roman emperor Lucius Verus occupied northern Mesopotamia.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Edessa (883 words)

	Pacorus I (c. 39 B.C.)
		His raids on the Roman positions finally ceased when Pacorus was accused of plotting against his father, and he was recalled, ending the invasion.
		He was falsely accused of treason, however, and Orodes II allowed his son to live and proved himself one of the most capable generals Parthia ever possessed.
		Pacorus I was again involved with the Romans in 46 B.C. when he came to the aid of Pompey supporter Q. Caecilius Bassus, relieving a siege at Apamea where C. Antistius Vetus had him shut up.
	www.parthia.com /pacorus1.htm (846 words)

	ParthianEmpire.htm
		Written literature of Parthians did not survive, so their history had to be put together from Greek, Roman and Chinese historical literature.
		In 206 BCE, the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great made the Parthians to submit to him and forbid minting coins in the name of the parthian king.
		Decline of the Parthia came during the reign of King Vologases V (191-208 CE).
	www.worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C5/ParthianEmpire/ParthianEmpire.htm (242 words)

	Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A Scythian group in the northeast (Parthia) 247, Khurasan 185, Media, Fars, Atropatene, Babylon, and Elymais 141-138.
		Andragoras' rebellion against the Seleucid empire was quickly followed by an invasion of Parthia by the Parni and allied Scythian and eastern Iranian tribes (Saka and Tocharians).
		He was defeated and killed by Arsaces I. Nevertheless, Khurasan itself was retained by the Seleucids for another two generations before the general sweep of eastern Iran by the Parthians.
	www.hostkingdom.net /iran.html (2841 words)

	Chatter - Chicago Coin Club - August, 2000
		In the 3rd century B.C.E. the Parni, a tribe of the Dahae confederation, occupied the old Achaemenid satrapy of Parthia.
		Parthia remained a major world power until 228 C.E. Most of our current knowledge of the Parthians comes from Greek and Roman historians.
		There is underway a project to translate Parthian royal documents written in Akkadian, the traditional language of state in the ancient middle east.
	www.chicagocoinclub.org /chatter/2000/Aug (3349 words)

	Total War Center Forums - Mod Suggestion
		I was thinking about something that was bugging me, the ridiculousness of the Eastern factions, notably Armenia and Parthia, both of which are poorly colorized and represented.
		Armenia's warfare style was mostly completely different from Parthia's Parthia was based on horse archers, late developing heavy Cataphraoti [Cataphracts] to deal with more heavily armored foes, when in the past they mostly had to fight nomads in the east.
		As Parthia expands westwards in the richly developed Mesopotamia, they will be able to produce their heavier cavalry units.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?t=14517 (1417 words)

	Parthia infoTurkish.com Herşey Hakkında Türkçe Bilgi
		At its height, Parthia occupied areas now in Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaidzhan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and (briefly) Pakistan and Syria.
		A rhyton, found by archaeologists during excavation of the town of Ashkhabad (State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.)
		The Roman general Quintus Labienus, who had supported Caesar's murderers and feared reciprocity from his heirs, Mark Antony and Octavian (later Augustus), sided with the Parthians and eventually became the best general of king Pacorus I. In 41 BCE, Parthia, led by Labienus, invaded Syria, Cilicia, and Caria and attacked Phrygia and Asia Minor.
	www.infoturkish.com /Turkey/Parthia.html (10188 words)

	A Brief Introduction of Pakistan
		It is difficult to determine the purpose of these two symbols.
		The Hunza symbol is also called Gondopharean because it is mostly attested on the Parthian coins, particularly on those of Gondophares, Otane and Sanabares ii.
		But the earliest record of the use of this symbol may be that found on coins of Orodes ii struck in Parthia which can be dated to around 50 B.C. This symbol is generally considered to be a “sun and moon” similar symbol is also on Sogdian coins of 8
	www.geocities.com /khizarhayats/Pakarch.htm (9676 words)

	Parthia Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Parthia, Phraates II AR drachm, c 60 BCE
		1940 Color PC Cunard White Star Parthia Walter Thomas
		JK - Parthia - Phraates IV (37-32 BC) AR Drachm
	www.atom-assistance.com /parthia.html (51 words)

	The Modern Magazine for Persian Weddings, Cuisine, Culture & Community
		Next was Mithridates II who regained lost land from the fall of the Achaemind Empire and expanded in every direction.
		In 92 BCE, Mithridates II struck the first treaty between Parthia and Rome wehre Euphrates was established as a mutual boundary.
		Orodes II succeeded the throne after Mithridates II.
	www.persianmirror.com /culture/history/sassanid.cfm (766 words)

	eBay.co.uk Shop - IRANIAN COINS AND MEDALS: Ancient Coins: IRAN PARTHIA GOTARZES I AE COPPER COIN PEGASUS RARE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		IRAN PARTHIA PHRAATES III AE COPPER COIN HORSE!!!!
		IRAN PARTHIA SANABARES AE DRACHM COIN UNKNOWN TYPE!!
		IRAN PARTHIA ORODES I AR DRACHM LARGE FLAN!!!
	stores.ebay.co.uk /IRANIAN-COINS-AND-MEDALS_Ancient-Coins_W0QQcolZ4QQdirZ1QQfsubZ2QQftidZ2QQtZkm (168 words)

	Numismatic References, Indo-Parthian - Indo-Scythian
		= K. Walton Dobbins, 'Sanabares and the Gondophares Dynasty,' Numismatic Chronicle - Seventh Series, Volume XI, The Royal Numismatic Society, London (1971)
		= K. Walton Dobbins, 'Sanabares and the Gondophares Dynasty,' The Numismatic Chronicle, Seventh Series, Volume XI Royal Numismatic Society, London (1971)
		= David Sellwood, An Introduction To The Coinage Of Parthia, Pardy and Son, London (1980)
	www.grifterrec.com /coins/reference/reference-indopar.html (3071 words)

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