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Topic: Sand casting

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	Sand Casting of Metals
		Casting, in our case, is the process of pouring molten metal into a mold cavity, formed of sand, to produce a near net shape metal object.
		Sand, mixed with some form of binder, is placed around the pattern and compacted to the point that it will hold the cavity shape when the pattern is removed Molten metal may then be poured directly into this open cavity, or it may be poured through passageways if the cavity is closed.
		Riddled sand will fall through gravitational forces through the screen into a container (or a pit) and may be considered ready for ramming although a hand riddle (having a finer screen) is typically used as a final filter as sand is being poured onto the pattern.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~dw120996/esp/sand_casting_of_metals.htm (2437 words)

	Sand Casting: Introduction
		The processes of sand casting are discussed in this section, include patterns, sprues and runners, design considerations, and casting allowance.
		The purpose of this is feed the molten metal to the mold cavity as the molten metal solidifies and shrinks, and thereby prevents voids in the main casting.
		In a two-part mold, which is typical of sand castings, the upper half, including the top half of the pattern, flask, and core is called cope and the lower half is called drag.
	www.efunda.com /processes/metal_processing/sand_casting_intro.cfm (612 words)

	Sand casting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Casting is the process of production of objects by pouring molten material in to a cavity called a mold which is the negative of the object, and allowing it to cool and solidify.
		Sand castings not further worked by polishing or peening are readily recognized by the sand-like texture imparted by the mold.
		The casting may be further strengthened by surface compression treatment—like shot peening—that adds resistance to tensile cracking and smooths the rough surface.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sand_casting (1504 words)

	Chapter 6: Sand Casting Technology
		This process converts resin-bonded cores to silicate-bonded cores suitable for use in preheated molds, thus introducing the possibility of using sand cores and molds at elevated temperatures, as in the pouring of thin section castings where mold preheat is required to impart the requisite fluidity to the metal.
		The castings are air quenched when they exit the furnace; then a robot picks each one up, manipulates it so that the sand remaining in it is poured out, and places it on a shipping pallet.
		This concept is aimed at the aluminum casting market and is based on recent work by the University of Birmingham, which showed that controlled filling of the mold from the bottom eliminated the formation of oxide folds in the casting, which are responsible for most casting failures.
	www.wtec.org /loyola/casting/06_02.htm (1492 words)

	Castingtrade.com (Casting Trade) Homepge -- Die Casting
		Sand casting contains a continuum, starting with the simplest form (so-called green sand) and moving to more and more sophisticated systems, based on binding and/or coating the sand to create a higher-performance mold, and allowing the mold to be utilized in more and more automated handling systems.
		A defining characteristics of sand castings is that they are most practically employed on geometries that enable a pattern to be removed from the sand mold without destroying any part of the mold in the process.
		Beyond that, because sand casting is applied in so many different applications, it is difficult to generalize, but short runs do tend to be a logical characteristic of sand casting applications.
	www.castingtrade.com /html/departments/sand.html (290 words)

	[Ganoksin] Some Safety Notes Regarding Sand Casting
		Sand casting in the old days, could produce surface textures as fine as centrifugal casting does today, but this requires a fair bit of time to set the mold up properly, and centrifugal beats out sand casting for certain kinds of production.
		During sand casting, the metal model is placed into a frame, and sand is rammed about it until the frame is full and tightly packed.
		In the past, some sand casting has been done using styrofoam models, where a styrofoam model is prepared, the sand is rammed about it from all directions, and the metal is poured down a casting gate.
	www.ganoksin.com /borisat/nenam/sand-casting-safety.htm (958 words)

	[No title]
		Plaster or sand cores are inserted, and the dried mold halves are attached prior to pouring the molten metal.
		Rapid cooling of hot castings by quenching in a water bath is practiced by some foundries and die casters to cool and solidify the casting rapidly (to speed the process) and to achieve certain metallurgical properties.
		Hot-chamber die casting machines are comprised of a molten metal reservoir, the die, and a metal-transferring device which automatically withdraws molten metal from the reservoir and forces it under pressure into the die.
	www.msu.edu /course/eep/255/MetalCastingCase.htm (4091 words)

	Metal casting: Sand casting process, investment casting, rubber plaster molding
		Sand Casting Process Moist-bonded or resin-coated sand is packed tightly around a pattern.
		The sand casting process is one of the most affordable methods of creating a metal casting.
		Investment Casting Process This process is known as lost-wax casting because the wax pattern is "lost" when the ceramic shell is heated.
	www.vistatek.com /capabilities_casting.html (208 words)

	Sand Casting
		Molten aluminum is poured into a "green sand" mold, to reproduce the the pattern.
		Casting sand or greensand is home made and is composed of silica sand, Bentonite clay, and water.
		Tempered green sand should feel slightly damp, a squeezed hand full should clump firmly together, not stick to hands much, and the squeezed clump can be snapped in half without crumbling.
	mypeoplepc.com /members/waygat/castingfoundrylathe/id3.html (1309 words)

	Lab 2: Sand Casting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sand is used as a mold material because it is able to reproduce the desired detail of the object and it also has the ability not to contaminate the molten material.
		The amount of heat that must be removed from a casting to cause it to solidify is directly proportional to the amount of superheating and the amount of metal in the casting or the casting volume.
		Sand casting is a very dirty process, all participants were required to were a lab coat or apron to prevent clothes from being embedded with sand.
	www.eng.morgan.edu /~evanse/IEGR363/Labtwo.htm (1763 words)

	Sand and sand mining (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Some sand is also used as a scouring agent, traction sand in rail transportation, lining for high-temperature furnaces, and in the manufacture of metallurgical alloys.
		The sand grains themselves must be durable so that the sand may be reclaimed and reused time after time – up to 25 times or more – depending on the type of casting and technique employed.
		All the sand dune operations except one (Mackinac County) are in the Lower Peninsula, from Mason County to the Indiana border.
	www.geo.msu.edu /geo333/sand.html (2256 words)

	Sand Casting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This process is commonly known as sand casting since sand, which is held together with a binder, is the medium to form the mold cavity.
		The sand is compacted around the pattern by manual and mechanical means to ensure all the air is removed and that a smooth mold cavity is formed around the pattern.
		Once the sand has set, the cope and drag are flipped to remove the pattern thus leaving a void in the sand.
	www.symphonyinbrass.com /pages/sandcasting.html (926 words)

	Metal casting
		As first, the molding sand is filled into the lower flask, and an objective pattern is put down in a central location on the molding board.
		The molding sand mixed with the water glass is hardened by CO gas.
		To get the sand castings, the sand mold is broken by a hammer when a poured iron cool to room temperature.
	inaba.nims.go.jp /movie/CAST/cast.html (318 words)

	[Ganoksin] Jewelry Making - Sand Casting - Theory and Practice of Goldsmithing
		Though sand casting has been largely replaced by centrifugal casting in recent decades, for hundreds of years it was the most popular of all casting methods.
		A casting gate or sprue is cut into both halves of the sand, using a blade or needle to scoop sand out, starting at the model area and moving to the open section of the mold wall.
		The casting gate should be as long as possible to allow the weight of the metal trapped there to exert its push against the casting as it cools.
	www.ganoksin.com /borisat/nenam/sand-casting.htm (1190 words)

	Sand Casting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sand casting, which in a general sense involves the forming of a casting mold with sand,
		In conventional sand casting, the mold is formed around a pattern by ramming sand, mixed with the proper bonding agent, onto the pattern.
		Then the pattern is removed, leaving a cavity in the shape of the casting to be made.
	www.deeco.net /sand_casting.html (117 words)

	Casting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Casting is a process by which a fluid melt is introduced into a mold, allowed to cool in the shape of the form, and then ejected to make a fabricated part or casing.
		Sand casting requires a lead time of days for production at high output rates (1-20 pieces/hr-mold), and is unsurpassed for large-part production.
		Plaster casting is similar to sand molding except that plaster is substituted for sand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Casting (3706 words)

	Sand Casting Division
		Our sand casting division provides high-quality castings in an array of alloys, and we serve an array of sand casting customers across of a variety of manufacturing industries.
		Sand castings range from 1 inch to 3 square feet and may weigh up to 200 pounds.
		Sand casting from Franklin Bronze is ideal for valve and pump parts, electrical control parts, heat-resistant castings, and bronze bushings.
	www.franklinbronze.com /sand-casting (213 words)

	Metal Technologies, Inc. - Sand Casting Explained
		In sand casting, sand is used to define the cavity inside a mold.
		The number of castings to be made from the mold and the specifications required of the finished casting are two of the criteria that determine which material is selected for the creation of the pattern.
		Melting is the preparation of the metal for casting, and its conversion from a solid to a liquid state in a furnace.
	www.metal-technologies.com /SandCasting.aspx (615 words)

	Sand casting Arts & Activities - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A sand casting is a decorative plaster piece of art that has been cast in a mold made in damp sand.
		Now the children are ready to pat down their damp sand and draw the outline of the idea lightly on the surface with a pencil.
		They place their sand castings on a paper towel with the paper name tag, and reluctantly leave them to dry.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0HTZ/is_5_137/ai_n13803379 (987 words)

	Aluminium Casting Techniques - Sand Casting and Die Casting Processes
		The sand cores used for forming the inside shape of hollow parts of the casting are made using dry sand components.
		In the "low pressure" sand casting technique, the melted metal is forced to enter the mould by low pressure difference.
		Gravity die casting accounts for the rest, with the exception of a small but growing contribution from the recently introduced vacuum die casting and squeeze casting process.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1392 (1029 words)

	Green Sand Casting
		Green sand casting still remains one of the more popular methods for producing inexpensive, ductile iron repeatable castings with significant cast-in features.
		Because green sand casting or ductile gray iron casting process typically requires a large amount of labor, we are able to utilize our low cost structures in China, and provide a low cost final product, lower than almost any other green sand casting manufacturer.
		Gray iron casting (green sand casting) is suitable for a wide range of products including many components within the automotive, oilfield, heavy-machinery and transportation industries.
	www.cypressindustrial.com /sand_casting.html (491 words)

	PetroBond Sand Molding & Casting
		After 4 (four) test or mock molds, this is one that I'd like to cast, and have opted to make it as simple as possible, avoiding the wood gate patterns and sprue skimmers...
		The fl sand that is shown on the cast plaque simply fell away once the casting was removed from the sand.
		Since this is just a proof of concept type casting (I think it will need a few more incarnations before I have what I want), I may just cast it off a la LFMC to compare the 2 castings.
	www.theworkshop.ca /casting/Foundry/fndry11/Fndry11.htm (1009 words)

	sand casting Manufacturer Supplier, Factory, Exporter
		Saivs is equipped many facilities for the green sand molding, and the resin sand molding.
		Various high quality castings are made of gray iron, ductile iron, aluminum, brass etc. Quality control checks are performed throughout the casting process form screening the raw material for stability the concentration of alloy and melted by the electric furnace.
		sand casting in China.Manufacturer of China.Product of China.Supplier of China.Factory of China.Exporter of China.
	www.saivs.com /sandcasting.htm (160 words)

	PetroBond Foundry Casting Sand
		Jupiter Blend is an oil bonded sand that replaces water bonded ("green") sands for sand casting.
		The superior adhesion of the sand to itself means less problems with loose sand in the impressions.
		Some burned sand in itself isn't a problem, because it can be mixed back into the pile and it will reabsorb oil and work just fine.
	www.budgetcastingsupply.com /Jupiter_Blend_Foundry_Sand.html (519 words)

	Foundry Sand \| RCC \| Wastes \| EPA
		The sand is reused numerous times to make additional molds, but eventually heat and mechanical abrasion render the sand unsuitable for continued use in casting operations.
		The most common metal casting processes are green sand casting (using a sand mold), investment casting (using a ceramic mold) and diecasting (using a metal mold).
		A challenge to increasing foundry sand recycling is the perception that the sands are environmentally dangerous.
	www.epa.gov /epaoswer/osw/conserve/foundry/index.htm (758 words)

	Frostic Inc ~ Green Sand Casting Mix - For Metal, Glass, or other types of casting.
		Green sand is a mixture of VERY fine Sand and clay in specific proportions, which readly forms the shape of objects that it is packed around.
		Mulling is pressing the sand/water/clay mix together under weight to coat the grains of sand with clay which helps the mold hold its shape.
		This product can be used for sand candles, or other types of casting as it will hold the shape of any item you press into it.
	www.sandcastingmix.com (844 words)

	Aluminum sand casting metal casting
		To achieve an accurate metal sand casting, we begin with a pattern — usually a machined Ren board or an SLA prototype.
		After the pattern is removed, metal is then cast in the sand mold.
		Green sand provides a course finish, while air-set sand casting generates a smooth finish for your iron, steel or aluminum sand casting.
	www.vistatek.com /capabilities_mc_scp.html (135 words)

	Sand Casting: Design
		Use of uniform thicknesses in a casting, where possible.
		In addition, a minimum wall thickness must be maintained to avoid voids and non-fill areas.
		See casting allowance table for minimum wall thickness for some common metals.
	www.efunda.com /processes/metal_processing/sand_casting_design.cfm (232 words)

	Sand Casting
		Modern foundries and jewelers still use holes in the sand as recepticles for molten metal.
		The red material is a fine jeweler's sand crammed into the wooden frame with a sprew hole through which molten metal will be poured.
		It was pressed into the sand, leaving its imprint as a negative space.
	www.washburn.edu /cas/art/cyoho/archive/AroundHome/CAST (347 words)

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