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Topic: Sand dunes

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	Sand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sand is transported by wind or water and deposited in the form of beaches, dunes, sand spits, sand bars, and the like.
		In a desert, sand is a dominant constituent of the soil.
		Sand is often a principal component of the aggregate used in the preparation of concrete.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sand (529 words)

	Dune - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although the most widely distributed dunes are those associated with coastal regions, the largest complexes of dunes are found inland in dry regions and associated with ancient lake or sea beds.
		Dunes move downstream as the upstream slope is eroded and the sediment deposited on the downstream or lee slope.
		Dunes on the bed of a channel significantly increase flow resistance, their presence and growth playing a major part in river flooding.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sand_dune (1467 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by the wind.
		In all such cases the dunes are important in protecting the land against potential ravages by storm waves from the sea.
		These plants are well adapted to the harsh conditions of the fore dune, typically having deep roots which reach the water table, rhibozomes which produce nitrogen compounds, and protected stoma, reducing transpiration.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/d/du/dune.html (557 words)

	Singing and Booming Sand Dunes - A
		Sand at the Kelso Dunes traveled 35 miles (56 km) from the delta area of the Mojave River where it emptied into the Pleistocene lake basin now occupied by Soda Dry Lake east of Afton Canyon, the terminus of the Mojave River.
		Dunes and sand fields which did not emit the booming sounds characteristic of other well-developed terminal dunes have been visited by the authors and by Haff (1979).
		The dunes in Long Valley are a very localized phenomenon, generated by a blow-out of playa deposits derived from the carbonate bedrock which bounds the valley on both east and west.
	www.schweich.com /sbdA.html (3105 words)

	Restoration and Management of Coastal Dune Vegetation
		Dunes formed as a result of establishing vegetation act as flexible barriers to storm tides and waves and serve as sand reservoirs for beach nourishment.
		Dunes that are only slightly damaged may be repaired by planting vegetation in bare areas, giving stressed grasses a judicious amount of fertilizer, and protecting the area from trampling and traffic.
		Dune sand is relatively low in plant nutrients, and dune plants are adapted to this condition.
	www.soil.ncsu.edu /lockers/Broome_S/ram.html (2430 words)

	Sand Dunes - Phenomena of the Wind! (DesertUSA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Although most dunes are composed of quartz and feldspar grains, the brilliant snow-white dunes of White Sands, New Mexico are composed of gypsum and the spectacular fl sand beaches of tropical South Pacific islands are made of fine volcanic particles.
		Gleaming white sands of tropical coral beaches and atolls are composed of a glistening, microscopic assortment of reef animals and algae, including wave-worn fragments of brightly-colored corals, minute one-celled foraminiferans, fragments of sea shells and star-shaped sponge spicules.
		Starting with the wind and tumbling particles of sand and culminating in picturesque drifts of rippled sand with an entire, dynamic, living community of plants and animals; this is one of nature's most remarkable cycles, and it is truly a phenomenon of wind.
	www.desertusa.com /magjan98/dunes/jan_dune1.html (1942 words)

	Sand dunes (University of Paisley: Biodiversity Reference) page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dunes can develop wherever there is an appreciable amount of blown, dry sand and where the physical nature of the site favours its deposition.
		Open sand remains visible between and within the tufts, leaving the dunes showing yellow or white at a distance (depending on the colour of the sand and the proportion of shell fragments).
		Dune slacks may be parabolic, developing from blowouts in the seaward dune ridge, and may form repeating series.
	www-biol.paisley.ac.uk /bioref/Habitats/dunes1.html (2105 words)

	dunes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sand dunes are a natural wonder with beauty and majesty all their own.
		Sand dunes are mounds of windblown sand which vary greatly in size, from less than one meter to tens of meters high.
		The impressive sand dunes along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan were created by the prevailing westerly winds blowing the sand deposited along the beaches into the dune formations.
	www.geo.msu.edu /geo333/dunes.html (1695 words)

	Sand Dunes of the Southwest
		The majestic Great Sand Dunes of Colorado are the tallest in the United States and are truly magnificent.
		The Eureka sand dunes, in the northwestern section of Death Valley Nat'l Park, are the highest dunes in Calfornia and only second to the Great Sand Dunes of Colorado.
		Whatever it is, we love sand dunes and seek to capture their power and dangerous beauty on film, not as trophies paraded in front of admiring eyes, but as reminders of how fragile we are.
	www.phototripusa.com /e_gallery_0800.html (1071 words)

	Death Valley Eureka Dunes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The dunes cover an area only 3 miles long and 1 mile wide, yet they are the tallest sand dunes in California, possibly the tallest in all of North America.
		When the sand avalanches down the steepest face of the highest dune, a sound like a bass note of a pipe organ or the distant drone of an airplane can be heard emanating from the sand.
		For dunes to exist there must be a source of sand, prevailing winds to move the sand, and a place for the sand to collect.
	www.thesierraweb.com /sightseeing/deathvalley/dvdunes.html (915 words)

	Oceano Dunes
		The Oceano sand dune area is recognized by scientists, conservationists, government agencies, and the public as the finest, most extensive coastal dunes remaining in California.
		Sand grains, as they are blown over the dune crest tend to accumulate high on the leeward slope; then, periodically thin tongues of sand slide down.
		During the 1930s and 40s, the dunes were the home of a group of free thinking people including mystics, nudists, artists, writers, and hermits who identified themselves collectively as the "Dunites." Among other activities, the group published a magazine, which they called The Dune Forum.
	www.ohv.parks.ca.gov /?page_id=1207 (1308 words)

	Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park -ATV / ATC / Dunebuggies
		Pinkish sand worn from surrounding cliffs and carried by the wind have created over 3,000 acres of sand dunes, some several hundred feet high, in the distinctive Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park.
		The park is especially attractive at dawn and dusk as the light and shadow accentuate the color of the sand.
		Dune buggies, all-terrain vehicles and motorcycles are welcome 9 to 10 daily in a specific area of the park.
	www.go-utah.com /utah/coral-pink/sand-dunes.html (298 words)

	Sand Dunes
		Barking Sands beach, a stretch of gleaming white sand dunes on the arid west coast of Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands.
		The antlion resembles a grotesque small scale version of the sand creature in the Star Trek II film, "The Wrath of Khan." It builds a circular crater in the sand and then waits patiently under the sand at the bottom of the pit for a hapless passerby.
		Sand wasps differ from spider wasps, mud daubers and many other digging wasps that provide their larvae with a single cache of food that must last throughout the larva's development.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /ww0704.htm (4226 words)

	Sigatoka Sand Dunes - Fiji Visitors Bureau (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In July 1989, the Sigatoka Sand Dunes were designated as Fiji's first National Park and their management handed over to the National Trust of Fiji.
		The dunes are unique in their natural beauty, and have long been an attraction for people both locally and from overseas.
		Sigatoka Sand Dunes are also rich in ancient pottery artifacts that continue to surface as the processes of erosion and accretion continues.
	www.fijifvb.gov.fj /activity/listing/sanddune.htm (444 words)

	Colorado Guide - Great Sand Dunes National Monument
		Geology: The dunes were formed from sand deposited by the Rio Grande river and its tributaries, which flow through the San Luis Valley.
		The process continues and the dunes are still being gradually enlarged by the wind, which also changes the shape and sand patterns of the dunes daily.
		The dunes are a great place for children and the park can get very crowded in summer but a more tranquil experience awaits those to willing to walk a little further into the sandy landscape.
	www.americansouthwest.net /colorado/great_sand_dunes/national_monument.html (738 words)

	Sand Dunes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Michigan sand dunes are a resource of global significance; they are the largest assemblage of fresh water dunes in the world.
		Coastal sands of the Muskegon area were used for the gray iron foundries that sprang up there to support the Michigan timber industry.
		Michigan's most unique and fragile sand dunes are protected by minimizing the impacts of development within designated critical dune areas along the Great Lakes shoreline.
	www.michigan.gov /deq/0,1607,7-135-3311_4114---,00.html (152 words)

	Mars Exploration: Multimedia
		By observing the changing patterns in sand dunes, scientists can learn about the interaction between the Martian surface and the atmosphere.
		Dune activity can help us understand that rate at which the Martian wind moves sediments around, as well as to estimate how long it takes for windblown sand to abrade the surfaces of rocks; not to mention our Mars landers.
		Dunes were first detected by the Mariner 9 spacecraft in the early 1970s, and are actively studied by the Mars Global Surveyor orbiter today.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /gallery/sanddunes (85 words)

	City-swallowing Sand Dunes
		Sand fences, like snow fences, can also help, although in many cases their design is little more than guesswork.
		"Moving sand dunes are an example of granular flow--a poorly understood branch of physics," explains James Jenkins, a professor of theoretical mechanics at Cornell University.
		Sand dunes fascinate Jenkins (along with his collaborators in Gainesville, Florida, and Rennes, France) because they manifest three aspects of granular flow.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2002/06dec_dunes.htm (1205 words)

	Types of Dunes
		Linear dunes advance on small playas east of Lake Eyre in the Simpson Desert of central Australia (photograph by C. Twidale).
		Linear dunes in the western deserts of Egypt (photograph by Carol Breed).
		Ripples and horns of this crescentic dune in Egypt indicate that the dune is moving right to left (photograph by John Olsen).
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/deserts/dunes (656 words)

	Singing Sand Dunes: The Mystery of Desert Music
		Yes, certain sand dunes will occasionally let out a loud, low-pitch rumble that lasts up to 15 minutes and can be heard up to 6 miles (10 kilometers) away.
		Although sand avalanches were known to be the cause of the singing, the exact mechanism was still unclear.
		By measuring vibrations in the sand and air, Andreotti was able to detect surface waves on the sand that emanated from the avalanche at a relatively slow speed of about 130 feet per second (40 meters per second).
	www.livescience.com /forcesofnature/050111_singing_dunes.html (592 words)

	Imperial Sand Dunes Recreation & Wilderness Area (DesertUSA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Imperial Sand Dunes, sometimes called the Algodones Dunes, are the largest mass of sand dunes in California.
		Vehicle use is permitted on approved routes of travel in the East Mesa area west of the sand dunes with the exception of the closed area around Navy Target 68, located south of Highway 78, between the Coachella and East Highline Canals.
		Please help keep the sand dunes clean by taking all trash and litter home with you or by placing it in the containers at one of the trash collection stations provided with your State OHV Funds.
	www.desertusa.com /sandhills/sandhinfo.html (1300 words)

	Alliance For The Great Lakes
		Lake Michigan's rare, internationally unique dunes were created over 10,000 years ago as the glaciers receded and the winds blew sands along the shore.
		In the 1970s, due to public outcry, the Michigan Sand Dune Protection and Management Act was passed to regulate mining in the dunes and provide them with better protection.
		The Task Force is a citizens group that expresses their views about sand dune issues by letter writing, attending public meetings and responding to alerts on sand dune issues at stake.
	www.lakemichigan.org /habitat/dune.asp (410 words)

	Mars Global Surveyor MOC2-286 Release
		Dunes are usually among the first surfaces to begin showing signs of change in late winter when temperatures are just beginning to creep above -125° C (-193° F; 148 K).
		The pattern of spots on the dunes in the above MOC picture was observed on June 8, 2001.
		Dark spots and streaks on defrosting sand dunes were first observed by MOC in the northern hemisphere in 1998.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /mgs/msss/camera/images/dune_defrost_6_2001 (617 words)

	Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area Reedsport, Oregon (Recreation Areas)
		Among the features of the NRA are 30 lakes for fishing, swimming and wildlife watching, 14 hiking trails through wetlands, forests and dunes, 13 campgrounds, 11 beach parking areas, nine day use areas, three off-highway riding areas, one overlook and the visitor center in Reedsport with information, interpretive exhibits and an introductory video.
		The "Off Highway Vehicle Guide to the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area and Sand Lake" is your key to exploring the Oregon dunes.
		One of the USFS campgrounds in the Oregon Dunes between Florence and Reedsport.
	www.ohwy.com /or/o/odnra.htm (726 words)

	Great Sand Dunes National Preserve - Areaparks.com
		The wind shaped dunes glow beneath the rugged backdrop of the mountains.
		This geologic wonderland, containing 30 square miles of dunes, became a national monument in 1932.
		With the passage of the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Act of 2000, resources now also include alpine lakes and tundra, six peaks over 13,000' in elevation, ancient spruce and pine forests, large stands of aspen and cottonwood, grasslands, and wetlands--all habitat for diverse wildlife and plant species.
	greatsanddunes.areaparks.com (129 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Most sand dune fields in the western United States are generally quite small and exist next to alluvial fans or playas.
		However, during the Jurassic Period, vast sand seas covered much of what is now Utah, southern Nevada, western Colorado, and southern Wyoming--we know this because the Navajo Sandstone and its equivalents covers these regions.
		Sand dune (eolian) deposits typically consist of very fine-grained sandstone (the grain size has to be small enough to be transported by the wind) that exhibits large-scale cross-bedding.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~millerm/sanddunes.html (139 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Students watch demonstration of the effects of wind (from hair dryer) on plain sand, then sand with stones and grass, and record and justify conclusions.
		Explain that this experiment is to determine what factors affect the kinds of sand dunes the wind creates.
		Depending on the curriculum into which this activity is integrated, the teacher might wish to expand it by the use of other conservation techniques or into the study of the rock cycle.
	www.col-ed.org /cur/sci/sci177.txt (366 words)

	Idaho's Bruneau Dunes State Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The dunes at Bruneau Dunes State Park are unique in the Western Hemisphere.
		The combination of 1) a source of sand; 2) a relatively constant wind activity; and 3) a natural trap have caused sand to collect in this semicircular basin for about 12,000 years.
		The prevailing winds blow from the southeast 28 percent of the time and from the northwest 32 percent of the time, keeping the dunes fairly stable.
	www.idahoparks.org /parks/bruneaudunes.html (513 words)

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