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Topic: Sandawe language

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Sandawe language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Language isolates !O!ung is a Khoisan language of Angola.
		Kwadi is an extinct Khoisan language of Angola.
		Kxoe is a Khoisan language of Namibia, Angola, Botswana, South Africa, and Zambia.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sandawe-language (1158 words)

	Khoisan languages
		The Khoisan languages are the smallest phylum of African Languages.
		They are notable for the use of click consonants as phonemes, including the !Xu~ language, which has in excess of 50 click consonants and over 140 separate phonemes.
		The only other languages using clicks as phonemes are Nguni Bantu languages, such as Xhosa and Zulu in South Africa, and the Hadza and Sandawe languages in Kenya.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/kh/Khoisan_languages.html (117 words)

	Click consonant
		Clicks are in all the Khoisan languages of southern Africa and in the neighbouring Nguni languages (Zulu, Xhosa, etc.) of the Bantu family, which borrowed them from Khoisan (there are some 80 languages in both groups).
		Clicks also occur in Sandawe and Hadza, two languages (or rather language groups, once believed to be branches of Khoisan) in Tanzania, and in Dahalo, a South Cushitic language spoken in Kenya.
		The only non-African language known to employ clicks as regular speech sounds is Damin, an "alternative code" used by speakers of Lardil (Australia) -- actually an elaborate kind of language game.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/cl/Click_consonant.html (363 words)

	The Khoisan Language Family
		The Hadza and Sandawe languages in Tanzania are generally classified as Khoisan, but are extremely distant geographically and linguistically from the others.
		The language is used at all levels of education and in the media.
		Many of the Khoisan languages have five vowels /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, /u/ which can be produced with additional features, such as nasalization, pharyngealization, and different voice qualities such as breathy and creaky voice, sometimes resulting in up to 40 different vowels.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/september/khoisan.html (1016 words)

	Sandawe language - guideofcasinos.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Sandawe is a tonal language spoken by about 40,000 people in the Dodoma region of Tanzania.
		Sandawe has generally been classified as a Khoisan language since Albert Drexel in the 1920s, due at first just to the presence of clicks in the language, though later several morphological similarities with the Khoisan languages of southern Africa were proposed.
		Sandawe is also currently (since 2002) studied by Sander Steeman of Leiden University.
	www.guideofcasinos.com /Sandawe_language.html (904 words)

	InfoDense - Web - Sandawe
		Sandawe (ethnic group) The Sandawe are an ethnic and linguistic...
		The Sandawe are related to the Bushmen, or San, or Southern Africa.
		Sandawe language Sandawe is a tonal language spoken by about 40,000 people in...
	www.infodense.com /topic?i=Sandawe (195 words)

	Extinction
		The loss of diversity is obvious, and with it the loss of beauty and potential usefulness (would we ever have expected click languages had they not existed in the wild?; what can they teach us about ourselves and the possibilities of language?).
		The culture and knowledge, the worldview and folklore and technical expertise of a people are intimately bound up with their language, and are lost when the language is lost.
		Even where a language survives, it will sometimes be marginalized, reduced to the chatter of emigres around a cafe table.
	www.kcnet.com /~marc/dead.html (770 words)

	African languages - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Benue-Congo includes the huge Bantu group of hundreds of tongues found throughout central and S Africa (see Bantu languages), as well as such non-Bantu languages as Tiv, Jukun, and Efik, which are spoken in Nigeria and Cameroon.
		The Adamawa-Eastern branch, to which Banda, Zande, and Sango belong, is composed of a number of languages spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon, and an area north of the Bantu territory to Sudan.
		The Khoisan, or Click, linguistic family is made up of three branches: the Khoisan languages of the San (Bushmen) and Khoikhoi, spoken in various parts of sub-Saharan Africa; Sandawe, a language found in E Africa; and Hatsa (Hadzane or Hadzapi), also spoken in E Africa.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-africanlng.html (1565 words)

	Xhosa language resources
		List of Khoisan languages for classification.) Xhosa is a Bantu language of South Africa ; Dahalo is a Cushitic language of Kenya ; Hadza and Sandawe are spoken in Tanzania ; and Damin was an initiation jargon...
		Xhosa is the southernmost Bantu language in Africa.
		Xhosa (IPA: ['k??o?sa]) is one of the official languages of South Africa.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Xhosa.html (1164 words)

	The Weyanoke Association - In Click Languages, an Echo of the Tongues of the Ancients
		Unless each group independently invented click languages at some later time, that finding implies that click languages were spoken by the very ancient population from which the Hadzabe and the Ju'hoansi descended.
		Australia, where the Damin click language used to be spoken, is one of the first places outside Africa known to have been reached by modern humans.
		Because languages change so fast, it is difficult for linguists to measure their age.
	www.weyanoke.org /hc-clicks.html (1382 words)

	The Languages of Tanzania: web links
		ix to 'The languages of Tanzania: a bibliography' by Maho and Sands, Göteborg, 2002.">
		Some 120 languages are spoken within the borders of Tanzania.
		The languages of Tanzania, according to SIL's Ethnologue.
	www.african.gu.se /tanzania/weblinks.html (3685 words)

	everleigh loves ya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Oropom (or Oworopom, Oyoropom, Oropoi) is an almost certainly extinct language African language, once spoken in northeastern Uganda and northwestern Kenya between the Turkwel River, Chemorongit Mountains, and Mount Elgon, by the Oropom ethnic group.
		Under the circumstances, it goes without saying that only the barest details of the language could be ascertained, and indeed some linguists have expressed scepticism as to whether it ever even existed.
		However, in the absence of further work, Oropom remains an unclassified language, and is sometimes seen as a language isolate.
	everleigh44hc.blogspot.com /2006/04/oropom-languageoropom-or-oworopom.html (517 words)

	Ethnologue report for ISO 639 code: sad
		The code sad is classified in ISO 639 as an individual language code.
		This code corresponds to the following language in the Ethnologue:
		Ethnologue data from Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 14th Edition
	www.ethnologue.com /14/show_iso639.asp?code=sad (33 words)

	Web resources for Khoesan languages
		Orthography of the Ju/'hoan language as developed by the Ju/'hoansi Peoples Organisation, the Nyae Nyae Farmers Cooperative (NNFC) in northeastern Namibia.
		Sandawe sound files at the UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive.
		The San languages of southern Namibia: a linguistic appraisal with special reference to Krönlein's N/uusaa manuscript (PDF).
	goto.glocalnet.net /maho/webresources/khoesan.html (715 words)

	THE CLICK LANGUAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The click language is thought to be associated with some of the oldest cultures in the world.
		New genetic research has proved that the "Click Language" may be adapted from the original human tongue.
		Judged by mitochondrial DNA, a genetic element passed down in the female line, the Ju'hoansis' line of descent is so ancient that it goes back close to the very root of the human family tree.
	www.angelfire.com /wi3/skoolzonewi/clicklanguage.html (207 words)

	EBALL
		In: Nilotic studies: proceedings of the international symposium on languages and history of the Nilotic peoples, Cologne, January 4-6, 1982, v 2, pp 499-521.
		Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
		In: Language history and linguistic description in Africa, pp 75-85.
	goto.glocalnet.net /maho/eballsamples/sample_w400.html (2128 words)

	DNA Archure
		And from http://uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/RED_FEATHER/dramaholy/010dance.html we have "The Sandawe The gods of the Sandawe are activated by an erotic dance, phek'umo, in which the act of love is mimicked in embrace by the dancers.
		The Moon is seen to be part of the cycle of fertility; in the cycle of months and in the menses of women...so people dance by moonlight and adopt stances and postures in the dance which represent the phases of the moon.
		The SANDAWE are the original genetic types, surrounded by a world of MUTANTS (like you and me, unless you are a Sandawe too; your either a Sandawe or a Mutant).
	archure.net /science/dna.html (1057 words)

	Sandawe of Tanzania -- People Profile
		Maybe one-fourth of the Sandawe have migrated to the areas around the towns of Arusha and Dodoma.
		The Sandawe now own cattle and cultivate with metal hoes instead of their original wooden digging sticks, but still maintain their hunting, including pig and elephant.
		During the 20th century, the Sandawe have shifted from their traditional movable structures called sundu, to more solid rectangular houses of the tembe type of their Bantu neighbors.
	endor.hsutx.edu /~obiwan/profiles/sandawe.html (1167 words)

	Bambooweb: Sandawe language
		Because of its typological nature, this classification is disputed, but not much research has been undertaken as to what the genetic affiliation of Sandawe might be.
		Sandawe is currently (as of 2004) studied by Sander Steeman of Leiden University.
		A tonal analysis of Sandawe is not completed yet.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/s/a/Sandawe_language.html (353 words)

	AFRICA.Arena \| SOCIETY
		African languages are supposed to have one or two origins according to linguists, attested by the existence of a common lexical stock and other structural traitss not totally represented in any single language but in many topological diversity.
		The Adamawa-Eastern branch, to which Banda, Zande, and Sango belong, is composed of a number of languages spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon, and an area north of the Bantu territory to Sudan.A characteristic feature of most of the Niger-Congo languages is the use of tones.
		As the chief trade language of E Africa, it is understood by perhaps an additional 20 million.
	web.1asphost.com /siyanbola/Africa/afrmap3b.htm (1681 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Nilo-Saharan & Khoisan
		It consists of languages spoken in southern Africa.
		The Nilotic sub-branch is divided into Western Nilotic, Eastern Nilotic, and Southern Nilotic sub- branches, with Dinka and Nuer among the languages belonging to the Western Nilotic sub- branch, and Masai among those belonging to the Eastern Nilotic sub-branch.
		It is spoken in the Sudan and in Ethiopia.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/nskxlh.htm (676 words)

	Genes & the Mother of all Clicks
		The time-scale of language change is not, from a 'strict' biological point of view, sufficiently slow to allow anything except the most basic neurally encoded properties of language (or rather underlying 'facilitators') to survive.
		All languages use pulmonic egressive airstreams, though some use others; but that's the basic one, and the only universal one, which already does suggest that its connection with language is a significant one.
		For information on these languages, the best source is the chapter by Anthony Traill in Raj Mesthrie (ed.), Language in South Africa [scholar fails to remember title because book is in his office, even though he has a chapter in it], Cambridge University Press 2002.
	forum.palanth.com /index.php?board=29;action=display;threadid=211;start=15;boardseen=1 (2701 words)

	Sandawe
		Sadly, the Hadzabe appear to be heading the same way: much of their land has been taken by commercial plantations and ranches, which also form effective barriers to the seasonal wildlife migrations on which the hunting part of the Hadzabe lifestyle depends, whilst the unwelcome attentions of outsiders is rapidly destroying their culture.
		The fourth and smallest language family of Africa is the Khoisan.
		The study of language relationships reveals the dramatic and pathetic absorption, dispersion, and isolation of peoples such as most of the Khoisan speakers.
	www.ntz.info /gen/n00546.html (1097 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Khoisan languages compose the smallest phylum of African languages.
		Khoisan languages are most famous for the use of click consonants (some of which are represented in writing by marks such as Ç and Ç) as phonemes.
		Treis, Yvonne (1998) 'Names of Khoisan languages and their variants', in Schladt, Matthias (ed.) Language, Identity, and Conceptualization among the Khoisan.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=San_language (427 words)

	[ Language Projects ]
		Daniel and Elisabeth Hunziker have been working on the SIL Sandawe language project since 1996.
		My part of the task is to work on putting together a descriptive grammar of the Sandawe language.
		In January 2004, I started a two year programme of training to become a linguistics consultant within SIL International, under the mentorship of Oliver Stegen (http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/~oliver), one of my colleagues in Tanzania.
	www.drhelenipresume.com /lp.htm (349 words)

	Tanzania. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Virtually all of Tanzania’s inhabitants speak Bantu languages.
		Swahili and English are the republic’s official languages; Arabic is also spoken on Zanzibar.
		About 45% of the mainland population is Christian, while 35% is Muslim, and about 20% follow traditional religious beliefs.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ta/Tanzania.html (2576 words)

	Sandawe language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Sandawe has five vowel qualities: All five vowel qualities may be found as short oral, long oral and long nasal vowels.
		Eaton, Helen C. A Grammar of Focus in Sandawe (Unpublished Ph.D thesis, University of Reading).
		Elderkin, Edward D. The Significance and Origin of the Use of Pitch in Sandawe (Unpublished D.Phil thesis, University of York).
	sandawe-language.borgfind.com (625 words)

	Rundi language resources
		Kirundi is closely related to Kinyarwanda, the main language of neighbouring country Rwanda and to Giha, a language spoken in western Tanzania.
		The fact that these ethnic groups share the same language is assumed to be the result of the Bahutu outnumbering the latter two groups (see Bahutu for a more complete historical perspective).
		Kirundi is frequently cited as a language where Meeussen's rule, a rule describing a certain pattern of tonal change in Bantu languages, is active.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Rundi.html (1450 words)

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