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Topic: Sandbar Shark

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	Sharks \| Greenpeace USA
		Sharks have very tough skin that is generally covered in small, sharp scales varying in color depending on the species.
		Sharks are frequently caught for their fins, which are used in shark-fin soup in certain cultures.
		Shark's fins are highly prized in international trade but the shark carcass is not used and is thus usually discarded.
	www.greenpeace.org /usa/campaigns/oceans/follow-the-journey/wildlife-facts/sharks (685 words)

	Sandbar Shark - Chesapeake Bay Program
		Requiem shark development can be either ovoviparous (in which the embryo develops within the protection of the mother's body and receives continuous nourishment from the yolk store) or viviparous (in which the young receives nourishment from a placenta and other maternal tissues, and the process results in the birth of live young).
		Habitat and Life Cycle The sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, true to its nickname, is commonly found over muddy or sandy bottoms in shallow coastal waters such as bays, estuaries, harbors, or the mouths of rivers, but it also swims in deeper waters (200 meters or more) as well as the intertidal zones.
		Sandbar sharks are found in tropical to temperate waters worldwide, but in the western Atlantic they range from Massachusetts to Brazil and visit the Chesapeake Bay seasonally, from early spring to fall.
	www.chesapeakebay.net /sandbar_shark.htm (620 words)

	New Jersey Scuba Diver - Marine Biology - Sharks - Dogfishes
		The Sandbar Shark is the commonest inshore shark in New Jersey waters.
		Sandbar sharks are highly migratory, ranging in North America from New England to Florida and the Gulf of Mexico.
		While sandbar sharks have large mouths, their teeth are relatively small and this makes it unlikely that they can attack anything larger than the prey on which they feed.
	www.njscuba.net /biology/sw_fish_sharks_dogfishes.html (2061 words)

	Shark FAQs
		Sharp declines in shark populations during recent decades in many areas of the world as a result of over-fishing and habitat loss are reducing the potential for shark-human interactions.
		The most common shark species found in Virginia waters are sandbar sharks, smooth dogfish, Atlantic sharpnose sharks, and dusky sharks.
		Sharks are susceptible to over-fishing because they grow slowly, reach sexual maturity at an advanced age (most of the larger species reach sexually maturity at 6-21 years), and produce only 8-10 pups every other year.
	www.vims.edu /newsmedia/press_release/shark_facts.htm (1518 words)

	South African White Shark Research Institute
		The white shark is just an example, and if you look at all species, you find some which give birth to only one pup and some such as the Sandbar shark which only become sexually mature at about 25 years old.
		Sharks unfortunately do not have the ability to adapt to these changes in their habitat, and therefore stocks are affected.
		Most shark species utilise the inshore zone for nursery purposes which obviously indicates that these areas need to be stable, so when these nurseries are disrupted by say, a decline in prey, the young sharks may start broadening their predatory range.
	www.whiteshark.co.za /warning.htm (875 words)

	CSF - Sandbar Shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus
		The sandbar shark is a common species of shark found along the gulf coast states of the United States.
		It is believed that sandbar sharks may have seasonal movements from the Atlantic Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico.
		The appearance of the sandbar shark is gray-bronze or gray-brown on the dorsal side and white on the ventral side.
	www.coast-shark.com /ID/sharks/Sandbar (333 words)

	Shark Project
		The corresponding environmental parameters for the sharks captured during longline sets were: salinities ranging from 21.6 to 36.4 ppt., dissolved oxygen levels ranging from 4.30 to 7.40 mg/l, water temperatures ranging from 26.4 to 30.8 degrees Celsius and at depths ranging from 2.7 to 13.1 m.
		The corresponding environmental parameters for the sharks captured during longline sets were: salinities ranging from 22.9 to 36.1 ppt., dissolved oxygen levels ranging from 4.35 to 6.08 mg/l, water temperatures ranging from 28.1 to 30.4 degrees Celsius and at depths ranging from 2.4 to 11.6 m.
		Sandbar sharks caught during this study ranged in size from 47.0 to 94.0 cm FL and equally represented neonates as well as juveniles.
	www.uga.edu /marine_advisory/shark.html (1239 words)

	Length at Birth of the Sandbar Shark in Delaware Bay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Using 249 length measurements from the youngest sandbar sharks (cord-remains, open-fresh and partly healed umbilical scars), the mean (95% confidence interval) length at birth is 49.3 cm (19.4 in.) FL, with a range of 40 to 55 cm (16 to 22 in.) FL.
		Springer (1960) stated the range in length at birth of sandbar sharks was 37 to 53 cm (15 to 21 in.) FL, and the length at birth in Florida (his reported southern limit of pupping grounds) was 52 cm (20 in.) FL.
		A study of sandbar shark reproduction reported a mean embryo length of 49 cm (19 in.) FL (range 37 to 56 cm [15 to 22 in.] FL) in females during late May and early June, the pupping season in the Chesapeake Bight region (Colvocoresses and Musick 1989).
	na.nefsc.noaa.gov /sharks/newsletter/97/sandbarbirth.html (694 words)

	Chesapeake Bay - TheChesapeakeBay.com
		Sharks in the Chesapeake are found mostly in the lower Bay but some species do travel into the brackish water of the middle Bay.
		The sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus), sometimes referred to as the thickskin shark, is the most common coastal shark in Virginia and is a routine visitor of the Chesapeake Bay during early spring and into late fall.
		A rather stout shark ranging from about 4-6 ft. in length at maturity, the sandbar shark is considered large for a coastal shark.
	thechesapeakebay.com /chesapeake_sharks.shtml (575 words)

	Common Sharks of Florida
		Florida's shark population is diverse and includes species that range in size from only a few feet to more than 40 feet in total length.
		Sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus), also called the brown shark, is found nearshore typically at depths ranging from 60 to 200 feet.
		Bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo) is the smallest of the hammerhead family, commonly 3 to 4 feet in length.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /sg062 (1174 words)

	Shark Ecomorphotypes
		Sharks that inhabit a given habitat type often converge on a suite of similar adaptations, regardless of ancestry.
		The sharks grouped here are typically medium-sized (5 to 7 feet or 1.5 to 2.1 metres in length) and are often quick and agile hunters, collectively comprising the majority of living shark species.
		Adult bullhead sharks (family Heterodontidae) feature conical, sometimes multi-cusped, grasping teeth at the front of the mouth and flat, molar-like teeth at the rear, which are well-suited to crushing the hard, calcareous shells of their prey.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/topics/de_ecomorphotypes.htm (2826 words)

	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department: Sandbar Shark
		The sandbar shark is an opportunistic bottom-feeder that preys primarily on relatively small fishes, mollusks and crustaceans.
		Sharks in the southern hemisphere, in correlation with the warmer summer season, mate in late October to January.
		Young sandbar sharks resemble their adult parents, although the characteristically large first dorsal fin may not yet be as prominent at this early stage.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/gallery/descript/sandbarshark/sandbarshark.htm (1833 words)

	FIGIS - FAO/SIDP Species Identification Sheet: Carcharhinus plumbeus
		Sandbar sharks are also taken in the fisheries of Taiwan and Western Australia (Bonfil 1994), as well as in the Arabian Sea (Sivasubramaniam 1992).
		Sandbar sharks are the second preferred shark in sport fisheries in the East Coast of the US (Hoff and Musick 1990) where some 750,000 individuals are killed annually (National Marine Fisheries Service 1993, cited by Musick in press).
		The Western Australia commercial shark fishery exploits the younger age classes of the local sandbar shark population (Simpfendorfer 1998), but the breeding part of this stock is under protection through a no-take MPA (see dusky shark account).
	www.fao.org /figis/servlet/species?fid=2807 (1586 words)

	Carcharhinus plumbeus, Sandbar Shark at MarineBio.org
		The Sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827), (aka brown shark, queriman shark, sandbar shark, shark, and thickskin shark), is a moderately large shark that measures up to 2.5 m in length, 2 m on average, and weighs a maximum of 118 kg.
		The Sandbar shark is blue-gray or brown to bronze in color on the dorsal side and flanks, white on the ventral side.
		The Sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, is an opportunistic bottom-feeder that preys bony fishes, smaller sharks, rays, cephalopods, gastropods, crabs, and shrimps.
	www.marinebio.com /species.asp?id=380 (1161 words)

	Shedd Aquarium \| Sandbar Sharks
		The sandbar shark suffers from an unfortunate case of mixed identities.
		All three are correct, as some sharks give birth to live pups, some lay eggs, and some form eggs inside the womb that hatch internally and are born as pups.
		Sandbar sharks are viviparous, which means the embryo is attached to the uterus and receives nourishment and oxygen via placenta.
	www.sheddaquarium.org /sandbarsharks.html (305 words)

	Shark Species
		The dominant large shark species likely to be caught by sport fishers on the north side of Cape Cod will be the blue, porbeagle, mako and thresher.
		This shark, and its relatives, are exceptional, since they have a longer lower tail than the upper, and their gills are partly on the underside.
		Some of the sharks he caught measured 6- 1/2 feet total length; that would be about a 120 pounder.
	newenglandsharks.com /shark_species_in_the_new_england.htm (1544 words)

	Electroreception in juvenile scalloped hammerhead and sandbar sharks -- Kajiura and Holland 205 (23): 3609 -- Journal ...
		Whereas the scalloped hammerhead sharks demonstrated a greater variety of orientation pathways, the sandbar sharks were unable to exhibit the same repertoire of behaviors owing to their stiffer bodies.
		hammerhead sharks and 7.5% of orientations for the sandbar sharks.
		The velocity of the sharks was quantified concurrently with
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/205/23/3609 (6916 words)

	Leather Plaza - Your Guide to all Exotic Leathers from around the world
		The Sandbar shark is found inshore and offshore, on continental and insular shelves and adjacent deep water.
		Sharks in general are caught in the sea for sport, for meat and the hides.
		The Sandbar shark is captured for human consumption, for leather and oil.
	leatherplaza.tripod.com /shark_leather_bag.htm (1150 words)

	Shark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Because their structure is supported only by cartilage, shark have no bones—a distinct advantage when it comes to cooking and dining.
		Fresh shark should not have a strong ammonia smell; however, a slight ammonia smell is acceptable.
		When well-wrapped, shark can be frozen for up to two months in a refrigerator and three to four months in a deep-freeze.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Food_Guide/Shark.htm (1231 words)

	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department: Sandbar Shark
		This shark is bluish to brownish gray dorsally, and a lighter shade of the same color to white ventrally.
		Juvenile sandbar sharks may fall prey to large sharks including the bull shark, however adults have few if any predators.
		Consequently this shark is vulnerable to over-exploitation by fishing.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/Gallery/Descript/Sandbarshark/sandbarshark.htm (1833 words)

	TEXAS SHARK FISHING
		The short and sweet of it is this: on average, the bigger sharks are on the South Texas Coast.
		There were several dedicated shark experts fishing the High Island and Matagorda areas, but they did not consistently produce the same larger sharks as the guys down South.
		The beaches of South Texas will produce sharks lots of fltip and bull sharks 5’ to 6’ and sandbars sharks 6’ to 8’ in the winter.
	groups.msn.com /texassharkfishing/texaslocationspart1.msnw (885 words)

	Sandbar Shark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Its distribution changes with the seasons and unlike the nurse shark, Springer discovered sandbar sharks have a very distinct migratory pattern coupled with somewhat unusual behavior, almost a migration within a migration.
		Sandbar sharks have a preferred temperature range of approximately 15-30° C (59 -86° F).
		Try to predict where Sandbar sharks will be and try to tag one.
	www.oceanofk.org /tag/Sandbar (236 words)

	The Shark Gallery - Sandbar Shark
		A coastal shark, often in shallow waters associated with sandy or muddy flats, bays, estuaries and harbours (but not actually within rivers); also further offshore, particularly on banks, near islands, flat reefs and other topographic features in open waters.
		Sandbars occur from the surfline down to 200m (caught at this depth, on the bottom, in Sicilian Channel trawls) and to 280m in other regions, but typically in waters less than 100m and frequently patrolling near the seabed.
		These sharks predate upon demersal and benthic bony fish such as flounders, gurnards, groupers, morays and other eels, also mackerel, sardines, bonito, bullet tuna, jacks, mullets and other pelagic schooling fish; small sharks such as Squalus spp., batoids including Dasyatid rays; invertebrates such as squid, cuttlefish, octopi, bivalves, crabs and shrimps.
	gerber.iwarp.com /sandbar.htm (477 words)

	NetPets, Inc. / The Kids' Room / Fish Facts
		Like other sharks, their entire skeleton is made of cartilage which people have in their outer ears and tips of their noses.
		Shark's have as many as eight teeth in a row in their mouths.
		This is when the Sandbar shark cruises through the area on its migration path between its northern summering and southern wintering grounds.
	www.chirpingbird.com /netpets/html/classrm/fishfac1.html (873 words)

	Shark Research
		shark, C. leucas, the scalloped hammerhead, Sphyrna lewini, the bonnethead shark, S. tiburo, the spinner shark, C. brevipinna, the flnose shark, C. acronotus, and the sandbar shark, C. plumbeus.
		CPUE of neonate and juvenile sharks was highest at a depth of about 3.5 to 4.5 meters and declined with increasing current speed.
		Shark populations along the Alabama and Mississippi gulf coasts are dominated by the above three species.
	home.olemiss.edu /~rjwetzel/sharkinfo.html (614 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus lives in tropical and subtropical waters in all the world's seas and oceans, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Adriatic Sea, where it used to startle gondoliers on the canals of Venice.
		It inhabits shallow coastal waters to a depth of 250 m (820 ft) and is frequently seen in estuaries.
		They have a maximum size approaching 3m (10 ft), that is, if they make it this far, for juvenile sandbars fall prey to many other shark species, including bull and great white sharks.
	www.fathom.com /course/21701777/21701777_sandbar.html (162 words)

	Shark, Blacktip Shark, Bonito Shark, Common Thresher Shark, Mako Shark, Sandbar Shark, Smooth Dogfish, Soupfin Shark, ...
		Sharks must be bled immediately after they are caught, or the meat takes on an ammonia taste.
		Place shark in a greased baking dish, or wrap in oiled foil and place on a baking sheet.
		Slip shark in, then cover pan and keep liquid at a simmer for about 8 minutes per inch (about 2.5cm) of thickness.
	www.truestarhealth.com /Notes/1930009.html (1015 words)

	Welcome to Ocean of Know (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This is possibly due to the presence of bull sharks in this area at the same time and because the pups are so small that they would be eaten by the adult male sandbar sharks.
		In the western north Atlantic, Sandbar sharks will begin to migrate north in the spring as water temperature begins to increase to 16°C (60.8°F) in the northern parts of their range.
		Sandbar sharks in their southern Atlantic range tend to migrate south in the summer and north in the winter, toward the warmer waters nearer the Equator.
	www.oceanofk.org /tag/Whattag/InterestSharks/sandbar.html (392 words)

	SANDBAR SHARK (Carcharhinus plumbeus) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Blacktip shark, spinner shark, and bull shark lack interdorsal ridges.
		Dusky shark, most difficult to distinguish, attains larger maximum size (12 ft (3.7m)); has proportionally smaller, swept-back fins, with first dorsal fin farther back over free tips of pectoral fins.
		Silky shark has smaller first dorsal fin, which is rounded, swept back, and set farther behind free tips of pectoral fins; second dorsal fin free tip length usually more than twice fin height.
	na.nefsc.noaa.gov /sharks/species/sandbar.html (166 words)

	Sandbar Shark
		Sharks; goatfish; mullet; flounder; skates; grouper (likes fresh fish); octopus; squid; crustaceans; crabs; eels; flatfish.
		According to the International Shark Attack Files the sandbar shark has been attributed with a total of 7 recorded attacks since 1580 with no deaths.
		The copyrighted shark images used by SharkSurvivor.com and SharkSurvivor, Inc. have been created specifically for us by artist Dawn Witherington, Florida.
	www.sharksurvivor.com /sharks/sandbarshark.htm (138 words)

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