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Topic: Sandfly

In the News (Fri 10 Jul 09)

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	Seroprevalence of West Nile, Rift Valley, and Sandfly Arboviruses in Hashimiah, Jordan
		Infection with sandfly viruses is transmitted by the bites of infected Phlebotomus pappatasi sandflies.
		Sandfly fever is present in the circum-Mediterranean area, extending to the east through the Balkans into China, the Middle East, and Southwest Asia (4).
		Unlike sandfly Sicilian, the associations of sandfly Naples with gender, presence of domestic animals, and distance from the plant were not significant.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol6no4/batieha.htm (2554 words)

	CHAPTER 11
		Sandfly fever (Pappatacifieber) was 13th on the list as a cause for admission with 4,941 cases recorded without any deaths and with an average period of hospitalization of 13.4 days.
		Because of the lack of specific serological tests, the diagnosis of sandfly fever could not be made in patients with evidence of meningeal irritation and pleocytosis of the spinal fluid, and it could not be proved that sandfly fever virus caused the aseptic meningitis syndrome.
		Sandfly fever could have been prevented in the areas in which the disease was endemic if the proper individual precautions for the prevention of this disease had been observed and if a program for the environmental control of sandflies based upon the use of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) sprays had been instituted.
	history.amedd.army.mil /booksdocs/wwii/infectiousdisvolii/chapter2.htm (3126 words)

	CD Baby: SANDFLY: Surprise
		Sandfly has cultivated a remarkable ability to communicate with wide audiences, creating soundscapes that are soothing and familiar via chord progression, yet brimming with inventive beats and inspired, Zeppelin-esque lead guitar work.
		Sandfly has a debut record and is looking for professional management to help with distribution and touring.
		Sandfly's vision for the next year is to be an active player in the peace movement.
	cdbaby.com /cd/sandfly (552 words)

	WHO \| The disease and its epidemiology
		The leishmaniases are caused by 20 species pathogenic for humans belonging to the genus Leishmania, a protozoa transmitted by the bite of a tiny 2 to 3 millimetre-long insect vector, the phlebotomine sandfly.
		Only the female sandfly transmits the protozoa, infecting itself with the Leishmania parasites contained in the blood it sucks from its human or mammalian host in order to obtain the protein necessary to develop its eggs.
		When the now infectious female sandfly feeds on a fresh source of blood, its painful sting inoculates its new victim with the parasite, and the transmission cycle is completed.
	www.who.int /leishmaniasis/disease_epidemiology/en/index.html (359 words)

	Sandfly - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sand fly or sandfly is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, blood-sucking Dipteran that is encountered in sandy areas.
		In the New World, leishmaniasis is spread by sand flies of the genus Lutzomyia.
		In the Old World, the disease is spread by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sandfly (189 words)

	EHP 104(7) Article: Cross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sandfly fever is a viral infection characterized by rapid onset, with a 3- to 4-day course of high fever and severe debility, but mortality is low with this infectious disease.
		Sandfly fever is caused by viruses belonging to the phlebotomus fever serogroup, with serotypes Naples and Sicilian occurring in Southwest Asia.
		Sandfly fever, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and visceral leishmaniasis, are difficult to diagnose and to treat.
	www.ehponline.org /members/1996/104-7/cross.html (3174 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sandfly is the common name of a flying, biting, blood-sucking insect found in many countries.Sandfly is also known in Florida and elsewhere as a Sandflea, No-see-um, No-see-em, Noseeum, or Punkie.It is also known as Three-day fever because sandfly fever's normal duration is a short or three day.
		It's the primary vector of leishmaniasis.Leishmaniasis is spread by sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia.
		Only female sandflies may bite.Female sandflies use their mouthparts to create a pool of blood, which is then sucked up.
	www.ayurvedic-medicines.org /diseases/sandfly-fever.htm (394 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Comparative salivary gland transcriptomics of sandfly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis
		Additionally, sandfly D7 is missing the last cysteine that is present at the carboxy terminal region of the mosquito long- and short-form D7 and, instead, have a cysteine present between conserved cysteines 8 and 19 [19].
		The function of this protein in the saliva of sandflies and its importance for blood feeding remains to be elucidated.
		The large degree of divergence found in the majority of the most abundant sandfly salivary proteins suggests that a specific salivary protein may not be used as common vaccine target or as a common marker for sandfly exposure to different sandfly genera.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2164/7/52 (8030 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| High degree of conservancy among secreted salivary gland proteins from two geographically ...
		Components present in sandfly saliva, as well as in the saliva of other arthropod vectors, have been shown to contain potent anti-hemostatic and immunomodulatory activities [1], and are able to enhance Leishmania infection [2].
		Immune responses to either sandfly salivary gland homogenate [3,4] or to the bites of sandflies [5] have been shown to protect animals against Leishmania infection.
		Two molecules isolated from the saliva of sandflies have been shown to confer this protection, one named "maxadilan" is a vasodilatory and immunomodulatory molecule present in the saliva of Lutzomyia longipalpis [6-8], and the other called PpSP15, is a molecule present in the saliva of Phlebotomus papatasi [9].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2164/7/226 (6200 words)

	www.myspace.com/sandfly77
		SANDFLY was voted 1 of the top 10 bands in San Francisco Bay Area this past October by 'A&R Connections'.
		SANDFLY is on the Best Sellers list at TowerRecords.com 2005-2006 and has been featured on 2 seperate CD compilations honoring songs for Peace both in 2002.
		The name Sandfly is a dedication to the knowledge and wisdom of the native populations throughout the world.
	www.myspace.com /sandfly77 (1086 words)

	Suzy's World: Sandfly
		A sandfly is a very small fl flying insect and it has a humped back.
		Female sandflies lay their eggs under stones or plants in flowing water - like rivers.
		Scientists believe that in tropical countries sandflies are attracted to humans by the sweat and the moisture on the skin that sweat creates.
	www.suzy.co.nz /suzysworld/Factpage.asp?FactSheet=119 (215 words)

	bednets and sandflies - Pakistan
		Sandfly mortality and biting rates will be compared to the rates obtained from bioassays where people slept under (i) nets with no insecticide treatment; (ii) deltamethrin-impregnated nets; and (iii) Olysets®.
		This will be done in a series of entomological bioassays testing the effect of Permanets on the sandfly bloodfeeding rate and mortality.
		Should the results of the bioassays show that long-lasting ITN can protect people from sandfly bites, their use could be recommended as a prevention and control strategy in leishmaniasis-endemic areas throughout Central and South Asia.
	www.lshtm.ac.uk /dcvbu/research/bednetsandfly_pakistan.htm (417 words)

	Signs of Sandfly fever - WrongDiagnosis.com
		The phrase "signs of Sandfly fever" should, strictly speaking, refer only to those signs and symptoms of Sandfly fever that are not readily apparent to the patient.
		The word "symptoms of Sandfly fever" is the more general meaning; see symptoms of Sandfly fever.
		This medical information about signs and symptoms for Sandfly fever has been gathered from various sources, may not be fully accurate, and may not be the full list of Sandfly fever signs or Sandfly fever symptoms.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /s/sandfly_fever/signs.htm (335 words)

	Moving to New Zealand--Sandfly Bay
		Sandfly bay is not as nasty as the name might imply.
		Rolling deserted beaches, beautiful coastline, and towering sand dunes make this place a fantastic destination to relax and take in the beauty of the area.
		The other not-so-obvious draw to Sandfly bay is the copious amounts of Sea Lions that inhabit the area.
	www.movingtonz.com /Sandfly.htm (429 words)

	Leishmania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		During this period there is attachment of the promastigotes to the epithelial lining of the sandfly, usually via the flagella.
		It is thought that the type of nutrition may therefore effect the distribution of attached and free promastigotes in the sandfly gut.
		When the sandfly is between blood meals and feeding on plant juices these enzymes become activated.
	martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca /jimspage/biol/leish.htm (2149 words)

	eMedicine - Leishmaniasis : Article by Conjivaram Vidyashankar, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Multiplication proceeds in the mid gut of the sandfly, and the flagellates tend to migrate to the pharynx and buccal cavity of the sandfly.
		Causes: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic infection caused by the protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania.
		Prevention: Until a safe and effective vaccine is developed for leishmaniasis, control of the sandfly vector, detecting and exterminating the animal vectors, and early diagnosis and treatment are the main measures for controlling the disease.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1292.htm (6161 words)

	11.0.4. Phlebovirus
		Comments: there are 8 antigenic complexes (at least 23 viruses) within the sandfly fever virus group; 16 viruses related to sandfly fever Sicilian virus have not been assigned to an antigenic complex.
		Low-level antigenic cross-reactivity occurs between certain sandfly fever virus group and certain Uukuniemi group viruses but sandfly fever and Uukuniemi virus group viruses are antigenically unrelated to members of other genera.
		Sandfly fever group viruses are transmitted by phlebotomines, mosquitoes or ceratopogonids of the genus Culicoides; Uukuniemi group viruses are transmitted by ticks.
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /ICTVdb/ICTVdB/11040000.htm (402 words)

	eMedicine - Leishmaniasis : Article by Renee Hsia, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The typical lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis were described as early as 900 BC and have been referred to as the "Balkan sore" in the Balkans, the "Delhi boil" in India, the "Baghdad boil" in Iraq, and "saldana" in Afghanistan.
		Although occurrence is proportional to sandfly exposure, children younger than 15 years represent a large proportion of cases in endemic areas.
		Sandfly control (fine-mesh bed netting must be used, because sandflies are small enough to pass through ordinary mosquito netting) impregnated with an insecticide such as permethrin or deltamethrin, and use of insect repellent can prevent disease.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic296.htm (4699 words)

	Northern Territory Government of Australia - Media Releases - Sandfly Returns to Where It All Began
		“The Sandfly spent its working life as a ‘light shunter’ hauling freight on the Wharf and around the yard - this is where made its impact on the Territory and this is where it should be,” she said.
		Following a number of discussions with Government, the Sandfly was gifted to the Territory by GSR in August 2005 at a special ceremony marking the 75 th Anniversary of The Legendary Ghan.
		The third engine used on The Ghan is called Sandfly II in honour of the historic locomotive.
	www.nt.gov.au /ocm/media_releases/2004/20041213_cm_Sandfly.shtml (375 words)

	sandfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Established by African Americans in the nineteenth century, Sandfly is centered around the intersection of Mongomery Crossroad and Skidaway road.
		After 1870 Central Avenue became the main route for the Industrial Streetcar System, making Sandfly a crossroads between the city of Savannah and Wormsloe Plantation, Bethesda Home for Boys, Isle of Hope, and Pinpoint.
		Sandfly continues to thrive as a historic African-American community.
	www.georgiahistory.com /Markers/Markers03/sandfly.htm (101 words)

	Sandfly Maxadilan Exacerbates Infection with Leishmania major and Vaccinating Against It Protects Against L. major ...
		Sandfly Maxadilan Exacerbates Infection with Leishmania major and Vaccinating Against It Protects Against L. major Infection -- Morris et al.
		not survive unless it is coinjected with sandfly saliva (5).
		Both sandfly salivary gland lysate and sandfly salivary MAX enhance infection with Leishmania major in mice.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/167/9/5226 (3460 words)

	Everglades National Park: Gulf Coast Area Canoe Routes
		A falling tide (high to low) flows toward Sandfly Island and the Gulf of Mexico; a rising tide (low to high) flows toward the visitor center.
		Sandfly Island has a dock and a one mile (1600 m) loop walking trail.
		To go onto the island it is best to land on the shore and walk to the trail, rather than attempting to get out on the dock.
	www.nps.gov /ever/visit/canoe-gc.htm (461 words)

	Northern Territory Government of Australia - Media Releases - HOWARD TOLD – NO NUCLEAR DUMP FOR TERRITORY
		“Sandfly was the Territory’s first locomotive and now it’s come home to stay,” she said.
		Ms Martin said that the Sandfly was built by loco manufacturer, the Baldwin Company in Philadelphia USA, a legendary producer of great trains in the Age of Steam.
		Ms Martin also helped unveil the name of the third engine used on The Ghan which will be known as Sandfly II in honour of the historic Sandfly locomotive.
	www.nt.gov.au /ocm/media_releases/2004/20040804_cm_sandfly.shtml (371 words)

	Sandfly fever - WrongDiagnosis.com
		More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of Sandfly fever is available below.
		Influenza-like febrile viral disease caused by several members of the BUNYAVIRIDAE family and transmitted mostly by the bloodsucking sandfly Phlebotomus papatasii.
		Prevention information for Sandfly fever has been compiled from various data sources and may be inaccurate or incomplete.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /s/sandfly_fever/intro.htm (299 words)

	Sandfly - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Sandfly, common name applied to small, biting flies.
		Female sandflies are important as vectors of numerous human diseases, including leishmaniasis...
		Help with Spanish, French, German, and Italian homework.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Sandfly.html (39 words)

	WORLD HEALTH DAY: Sandfly Plagues Afghans, Pakistanis
		HealthNet International (HNI), which has been running clinics with support from the World Health Organisation (WHO) in the war-destroyed country since 1993, has estimated that the illness, cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes large ulcers on the body, is prevalent in seven percent of the population (roughly 75,000 people) in Kabul alone.
		''It is quite communicable given the fact that when untreated patients arrive in an area where the sandfly vector exists, transmission from untreated patients to uninfected people begins quickly through the bite of the female sandfly.
		WHO is conducting a study in Pakistan and Afghanistan to examine whether the sandfly in these countries belong to he same species.
	www.ipsnews.net /news.asp?idnews=32789 (947 words)

	CRORA : VIRUS HORS CRORA Sandfly Fever Sicilian
		11 - CRANCE (JM), GRATIER (D), GUIMET (J) and JOUAN (A) - 1997 - Inhibition of sandfly fever Sicilian virus (Phlebovirus) replication in vitro by antiviral compounds.
		41 - TESH (RB) and CHANIOTIS (BN) - 1975 - Transovarial transmission of viruses by phlebotomine sandflies.
		49 - TESH (RB) - 1989 - The epidemiology of Phlebotomus (sandfly) fever.
	www.pasteur.fr /recherche/banques/CRORA/hcrora/hc90.htm (1711 words)

	Sandfly on the AT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sandfly on the AT This will be my final update.
		I left the Appalachian Trail on September 5, 2001 and returned to Punxsutawney, PA to support my father in his battle with lung cancer.
		I will gladly assist anyone with planning a trip of any duration.
	www.x814x.com /sandfly_summary.htm (1553 words)

	CRORA : VIRUS HORS CRORA Sandfly fever Naples
		14 - HENDERSON (JR) and TAYLOR (RM) - 1960 - Phlebotomus (sandfly) fever viruses in tissue culture.
		26 - TESH (RB) and CHANIOTIS (BN) - 1975 - Transovarial transmission of viruses by phlebotomine sandflies.
		34 - TESH (RB) - 1989 - The epidemiology of Phlebotomus (sandfly) fever.
	www.pasteur.fr /recherche/banques/CRORA/hcrora/hc110.htm (1240 words)

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