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Topic: Sandline International

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Private military contractor

Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea

Julius Chan

British Army

	Sandline International - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sandline International was a private security ('military') company based in London, established in the early 1990s.
		Sandline was managed by former British Army Lt Col Tim Spicer.
		Sandline billed itself as a "Private Military Company" (PMC) and offered military training, "operational support" (equipment and arms procurement and limited direct military activity), intelligence gathering, and public relations services to governments and corporations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sandline_International (176 words)

	Sandline affair - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sandline affair was a political scandal that became one of the defining moments in the history of Papua New Guinea, and particularly that of the conflict in Bougainville.
		On March 21, all Sandline's personnel, with the exception of Tim Spicer, who remained to give evidence to the enquiry, were withdrawn.
		Under Skate, the peace process continued, and within a year after the Sandline affair, a treaty was in place, which as of 2004, remains intact.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sandline_affair (1724 words)

	Letter: Sandline International lawyers to British Foreign Secretary Robin Cook - 24 April 1998 - Sierra Leone Web
		Accordingly, it is quite apparent that the involvement of Sandline International in support of President Kabbah had at all times had the approval of Her Majesty's Government and, should it become necessary, we would contend that a licence had been given within the meaning of the Sierra Leone (United Nations Sanctions) Order 1997.
		Sandline International's involvement was quite open and indeed their personnel were invited aboard HMS Cornwall where they provided tactical and operational advice.
		Sandline International was involved quite openly and with the full prior knowledge and approval of Her Majesty's Government, with an operation which involved assisting, with both personnel and military equipment, the restoration of the lawful government of Sierra Leone, which was the express purpose for which sanctions were applied in the first place.
	www.sierra-leone.org /sandline1.html (1007 words)

	[No title]
		Sandline is a company specialising in rendering military and security services of an operational, training and support nature, particularly in situations of internal conflict and only for and on behalf of recognised Governments, in accord with international doctrines and in conformance with the Geneva Convention.
		Sandline will train the SFU in tactical skills specific to the objective, such as live fire contact, ambush techniques and raiding drills, gather intelligence to support effective deployment and plan, direct, participate in and conduct such ground, air and sea operations which are required to achieve the primary objective.
		Sandline shall supply all the personnel and maintain all services and equipment as specified in parapgrah 2.1 above to the appropriate standards of proficiency and operational levels as is generally expected from a high calibre, professional armed force.
	coombs.anu.edu.au /SpecialProj/PNG/htmls/Sandline.html (2204 words)

	The Papua New Guinea – Bougainville peace process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sandline is a company specialising in rendering military and security services of an operational, training and support nature, particularly in situations of internal conflict and only for and on behalf of recognised Governments, in accordance with international doctrines and in conformance with the Geneva Convention.
		All officers and personnel of Sandline assigned to this contract shall be enrolled as Special Constables, but hold military ranks commensurate with those they hold within the Sandline command structure and shall be entitled to given orders to junior ranks as may be necessary for the execution of their duties and responsibilities.
		Further, all Sandline personnel will be furnished with the necessary multiple entry visas without passport stamps and authorisation to enter and leave the country free from hindrance at any time and shall be exempt from tax of any form on their remuneration from Sandline.
	www.c-r.org /accord/boug/accord12/keytexts14.shtml (2216 words)

	Sandline
		Sandline was seen as a saviour to the Julius Chan and Chris Haiveta led PNG government.
		The PNG government of Sir Julius Chan signed a $46 million contract with Sandline International to provide mercenaries and sophisticated military equipment to spearhead a military operation against separatists on the island of Bougainville.
		Sandline International is a Private Military Company (PMC) which specialises in problem resolution and the provision of associated consulting services.
	www.michie.net /pnginfo/sandline.html (217 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Notably, geographical fragmentation allows private security companies to operate in the service of governments, international organizations and non-governmental actors beyond the borders of the state in which they are located and thus outside the direct oversight of their government, the public or the media.
		International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries which was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989 and finally came into force on 20 October 2001.
		The definition of mercenaries used by the UN International Convention is particularly controversial because it is based on the subjective motive of the individual engaging in mercenary activity, i.e., private gain and is practically impossible to enforce.
	www.isanet.org /noarchive/krahmann.html (8820 words)

	Independent Media Center \| www.indymedia.org \| ((( i ))) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Even in Papua New Guinea (Sandline International: 1997), where the intended deployment was aborted at the last minute,renewed international attention stimulated the conditions for a peaceful end to nine years of unpleasant hostilities.
		Sandline International’s assistance to west African regional peacekeeping forces (ECOMOG) deployed in Sierra Leone in 1998 was in a supportive role.
		Without international funding assistance, it will only be countries that are able to build up foreign currency reserves, usually from revenues derived from its indigenous asset base, that will be able to pay for external military assistance.
	www.indymedia.org /en/2004/05/852548.shtml (2232 words)

	Sandline International - SourceWatch
		Sandline International had roots in the soil of Executive Outcomes, sharing relations with Buckingham's platoon of companies in Heritage Oil and Gas, Plaza 107 and the system of companies orbiting the EO diaspora.
		Sandline was an active PMC, engaging in direct conflicts, training troops for current conflicts, and closely related to mineral and oil extraction companies.
		The incident, which became known as the Sandline Affair[1] (http://www.sandline.com/hotlinks/sierra_leone.html), was investigated by Parliament and was the second public scandal for the company.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Sandline_International (534 words)

	Soldiers of Fortune 500: International Mercenaries - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sandline International, the now-disbanded Executive Outcomes (E0), Military Professional Resources, Inc. (MPRI)-these private military companies (PMCs) are all located in developed countries and sell their expertise and manpower to those who need it, just like consulting firms.
		For example, both EO and Sandline were hired on separate occasions by President Ahmed Kabbah of Sierra Leone in his efforts to defeat the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), which had kept his democratically elected government from ruling the country.
		Sandline's involvement in Sierra Leone again restored Kabbah to power, but controversy quickly arose in the United Kingdom when Sandline came under investigation by the Department of Customs and Excises for alleged violations of a UN arms embargo in Sierra Leone.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/peacekpg/reform/pmc.htm (918 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Instructions from chief state lawyer and Attorney General's Department Secretary Michael Gene to lawyers in London, and Australia where court cases between the PNG government and Sandline International were being arbitrated, have directed that all litigation proceedings be discontinued as the first step towards an agreed out of court settlement between the two parties.
		Sandline International and the PNG Government earlier this month, agreed on an out of court settlement to end the two-year court battle.
		Commercial litigation against Sandline International that have been terminated are a civil action by the state against Sandline International and Tim Spicer and an appeal in the Queensland Supreme Court against an interim award against the state.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/99pac/Court_Cases_Against_Sandline_Withdrawn (566 words)

	Sierra Leone News Archives - May 1998 - Sierra Leone Web
		The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society are conducting a joint operation to distribute some 180 tons of upland seed rice to 60,000 people in seven chiefdoms in Tonkolili and Kenema Districts, the ICRC said in a statement released in Geneva.
		International Alert, which set itself up as a mediator in the Sierra Leone conflict, claimed in a grant application to the European Commission that it had negotiated the release of British hostages and succeeded in bringing the RUF to the negotiating table.
		"Sandline and I understood and still believe that we were acting with the approval of Her Majesty's Government in assisting to restore President Kabbah, who had been overthrown last year in an unlawful coup by a military junta, and have been advised that accordingly no offence has been committed," Spicer said in a statement.
	www.sierra-leone.org /slnews0598.html (18479 words)

	Sandline International: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Sandline International was a private security ('military') company based in London London quick summary:
		The sandline affair was a political scandal that became one of the defining moments in the history of papua new guinea, and particularly that of the conflict in...
		Sandline was founded by former British Army British Army quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sa/sandline_international.htm (746 words)

	BBC News \| Asia-Pacific \| PNG pays up to mercenaries
		Papua New Guinea is to pay millions of dollars to the mercenary company Sandline International, which was employed by a previous government to halt a secessionist war more than two years ago.
		The contract with Sandline was highly controversial, and led to the fall of the previous government.
		An international tribunal ruled last year that Papua New Guinea must pay Sandline the full $18m, but the government appealed against this ruling.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/333234.stm (357 words)

	Asia Times: Country pays for sins of past regime
		The Sandline affair has its origins in the mid-eighties, whenlandowners on Bougainville began to protest the environmental andsocial impacts of the huge Panguna copper mine, owned by Australia-based Conzinc Rio Tinto Australia, a subsidiary of British mininggiant Rio Tinto-Zinc Corporation.
		Under the 36 million dollar deal, signed by Chan in January1997, Sandline was to provide helicopter gunships, trooptransports, sophisticated electronic warfare equipment and up to40 mercenaries to help the PNG defense forces defeat secessionistsand recapture the copper mine.
		International mediation between Sandline and PNG in Queenslandin October found in favor of the security company, prompting PNGto go to court in an effort to avoid payment.
	www.atimes.com /oceania/AD21Ah02.html (790 words)

	Medicine & Global Survival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The international system of conflict resolution must either be restructured to include a legitimate and restricted setting for the continued use of PMCs, or their activity should be banned altogether under international humanitarian law.
		Sandline, based in the UK, consisted of members of the former EO and, with some corporate restructuring, had a less tarnished reputation.
		Mercenary activity is outlawed on a national basis in the 1989 UN International Convention against the Recruitment Use Financing and Training of Mercenaries and the 1977 Convention for the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa by the Organization of African Unity.
	www.ippnw.org /MGS/V7N2Selber.html (3714 words)

	The Role of Private & Mercenary Armies in International Conflict
		In 1998, Sandline International was investigated for breaching a UN arms embargo against Sierra Leone while fulfilling a contract to help to restore the democratically elected regime of Ahmad Tejan Kabbah.
		Sandline had been contracted by the Indian born millionaire Rakesh Saxena, who in turn had been contracted by Kabbah and offered exploration rights to Sierra Leonean diamond, bauxite and gold deposits in exchange for helping to restore his government.
		Nevertheless, an international body to monitor the activities of PMCs to ensure that they observe the rules of war in conflicts where they are active participants does not exist.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article3396.htm (4260 words)

	Sandline sues to seize nation's assets
		SANDLINE International, the British-based military consultancy at the centre of the arms-to-Africa affair, is mounting a series of legal actions around the world to seize the assets of the Papua New Guinea government.
		Sandline insists that it is not a firm of mercenaries, although the services it offers include the provision of special forces units.
		The Papua New Guinea contract explicitly states that Sandline will have power to "engage hostile forces", and will be entitled to "proactively protect their own and State Forces from any form of aggression or threat".
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1999/03/07/nsand07.html (775 words)

	Foot Soldiers of the New World Order: The Rise of the Corporate Military (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		EO was sub-contracted by Sandline International of the Plaza I 07 /SRC group to provide aircraft, equipment and training to the Papua New Guinea Defence Force (PNGDF) on 31 January I997.
		Sandline director Tim Spicer was detained on guns charges to guarantee his participation in a commission of inquiry investigating the affair.
		Sandline had been recommended to Haiveta, on McCowan's suggestion, by General Sir Peter de la Billiere-linked to Spicer, as we have seen, and a director of merchant bank Robert Fleming, the London-based parent of Jardine Fleming.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/sheppard.htm (4214 words)

	Private Military Armies
		Sandline is a British-based company that employs both former British and US military personnel.
		Sandline was hired to provide "combat support and services" as well as training, evaluations, intelligence and strategic planning.
		States and the international community are enticed by the cost savings of contracting a PNC compared with the cost of traditional peacekeepers or the maintenance of government forces.
	newarkwww.rutgers.edu /global/sanchez.htm (2817 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		In the studio with me, James Bones of the "Times of London" who covered what became known in the U.K. as the "Sandline Affair"; in Antwerp, Belgium on the phone is one of the U.N.'s top investigators for hire on anything from arms trading to diamond smuggling, Johan Peleman.
		In, for instance, the case of Sandline, you say you were invited by the legitimate government, of course, legitimate government wasn't in power at the time.
		Sandline was involved in a clearly illicit arms deal in violation of United Nations sanctions against Sierra Leone.
	edition.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0207/13/i_dl.00.html (3217 words)

	ERTA - TCRG -- Privatization of Counterterrorism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A couple of independent contractors from CACI International and Titan Corporation, working as military interrogators and translators, were involved but again it was not clear who were they and what were they doing in Iraq.
		Sandline, 2004) that British companies are popular because they are run by and employ ex-Special Air Service (SAS) soldiers who have a certain reputation.
		The International Charter Inc. subcontractors fled to the embassy but their superiors from DynCorp had already left the country the day before without saying anything.
	www.erta-tcrg.org /cri6224/ct-privatization.htm (5004 words)

	Environmentalists Against War
		His former private military company, Sandline International, which was involved in several international scandals in the late 1990s, continues to be a classic case study of what can go wrong when private military companies wage war.
		Sandline next appeared in Sierra Leone in 1998 as part of an effort to restore the government of ousted President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah.
		Sandline’s shipment of 30 tons of arms to Sierra Leone ignited a news storm in Britain after Spicer disclosed that British and U.S. officials had secretly encouraged him.
	www.envirosagainstwar.org /know/read.php?itemid=3496 (3614 words)

	Survey of Activities for the Week of June 15, 1998
		Inspector General's Semiannual Report to Congress for U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) - June 3, letter from AID transmitting the report and a semiannual report on Audit Management and Resolution, pursuant to Sec.
		International Agreements - June 9, letter from the State Department transmitting copies of international agreements, other than treaties, entered into by the United States and Guinea-Bissau, Cuba, Latvia, Senegal, and Russia.
		U.S. Agency for International Development - June 11, Carlos Pascual, to be an Assistant Administrator.
	wwwc.house.gov /international_relations/106/survey/jun1598.htm (1710 words)

	Private Military Corporations - SourceWatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The single largest issue introduced by the evolution of military services by the private sector is the degree to which corporations are now transcending the power of governments, rising as an influential variable within international and regional diplomacy, and redefining sovereignty in the 21st century.
		Advocates of the industry claim they are economically effecient and point towards the failure of the UN and the system of world governments to cease violence, genocide and civil war around the world.
		Sandline International had contracts in Papua New Guinea and Sri Lanka.
	www.sourcewatch.org /wiki.phtml?title=Private_Military_Corporations (4150 words)

	Sierra Leone - Thematic Reports
		The government was also urged take effective measures to prevent the recurrence of such alleged acts and to compensate the victims or their relatives, in accordance with the relevant international standards.
		This paramilitary force is reported to be committing gross violations of human rights with the acquiescence of the government and after training and advice from Sandline International mercenaries.
		The SR stated that a number of affiliates of Executive Outcomes, which had previously been involved in Sierra Leone, and Sandline International are now exploiting the country's mineral resources.
	www.hri.ca /fortherecord1999/vol2/sierraleonetr.htm (1294 words)

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