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Topic: Sandwich Tern

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	Sandwich Tern
		The Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis, is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		This is a medium-large tern, unlikely to be confused within most of its range, although the South American race could be confused with the Elegant Tern.
		Chinese Crested Tern is the most similar, but has a reverse of the bill colour, yellow with a fl tip; it does not overlap in range with Sandwich Tern so confusion is unlikely.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/s/sa/sandwich_tern.html (415 words)

	Sandwich Tern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is a medium-large tern, 37-43cm long with a 85-97cm wingspan, which is unlikely to be confused within most of its range, although the South American race could be confused with the Elegant Tern.
		The Sandwich Tern's thin sharp bill is fl with a yellow tip, except in the yellow or orange billed South American race.
		Chinese Crested Tern is the most similar to Sandwich, but has a reversal of the bill colour, yellow with a fl tip; it does not overlap in range with Sandwich Tern so confusion is unlikely.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sandwich_Tern (492 words)

	Lesser Crested Tern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lesser Crested Tern (Sterna bengalensis or sometimes Thalasseus bengalensis) is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		Nesting behaviour is very similar to that of Sandwich Terns, with predator avoidance by nesting in very dense colonies, and also (in race emigrata at least) by nesting in the late summer when predatory Yellow-legged Gulls have finished breeding and departed from the nesting area.
		This is a medium-large tern, very similar in size and general appearance to its three very close relatives Sandwich Tern, Elegant Tern and Chinese Crested Tern.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lesser_Crested_Tern (549 words)

	Sandwich Tern
		Sandwich Terns are among the most strongly gregarious of all seabirds, with the population being distributed in a small number of relatively large colonies in which birds nest at extremely high densities.
		Tern populations in NW Europe were bought to the brink of extirpation at the end of the nineteenth century by egg collection for food and hunting of adults for the millinery trade, but recovered in response to protective legislation in the early twentieth century.
		Sandwich Terns are generally counted in units of Apparently Occupied Nests (AONs) using transect counts of nests or counts of incubating adults from a vantage point.
	www.jncc.gov.uk /page-2890 (1033 words)

	Wikipedia: Chinese Crested Tern
		The Chinese Crested Tern Sterna bernsteini is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae, closely related to Sandwich Tern S.
		From Lesser Crested Tern, which it overlaps in wintering distribution, it can be told by the white rump and paler grey mantle, as well as the fl tip to the bill.
		It is a critically endangered species, previously thought extinct, with a known population of only four pairs rediscovered in 2000, nesting in a Greater Crested Tern colony on an islet in the Matsu Islands, just off the coast of Fujian Province, China, and wintering south to the Philippines.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/c/ch/chinese_crested_tern.html (281 words)

	idsandwichcayennetern
		A few Cayenne Terns nest among larger colonies of Sandwich Tern in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, and a few Sandwich-type Terns nest among larger colonies of Cayenne Tern in the Dutch islands of the southern Caribbean and in eastern Brazil.
		Cayenne Tern usually has a yellowish bill that is rarely tinged with orange or red; many, however, have dark blotches on the bill, which may indicate introgression from Sandwich Tern or simply genetic variability within the taxon.
		Caribbean and central South American populations of Cayenne Tern have a Northern Hemisphere moult cycle similar to that of Sandwich Tern.
	www.geocities.com /secaribbirds/idsandwichcayennetern (615 words)

	Sandwich Tern Species Account - Florida Breeding Bird Atlas
		Beaches, sandflats and bars, near inlets, and nearshore coastal waters are the chief habitats of Sandwich Terns (Kale 1978a).
		Like the Royal Tern, the Sandwich Tern was an established breeder on the Gulf coast of Florida up until the late nineteenth century, when all colonies disappeared (Howell 1932).
		In 1974 the Sandwich Terns began breeding in Duval County, establishing the first Atlantic coast breeding record in Florida (Loftin and Sutton 1975).
	wildflorida.org /bba/SATE.htm (443 words)

	NWWT::Cemlyn Nature Reserve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The numbers of Sandwich Tern nesting on the islands in the lagoon have been going up in recent years, making the colony one of the largest in the country.
		The Sandwich Terns generally nest in dense groups, and seem to benefit from being close to groups of nesting Black-headed Gulls, which react aggressively to the threat of a predator, while the Sandwich Terns sit tight.
		Sandwich Terns are usually the first to be seen, in late March and April, with the bulk of breeding adults of all species arriving on site in May. June and July are the busiest months for the terns, and a good time to visit the reserve, the lagoon islands becoming a hive of activity.
	www.wildlifetrust.org.uk /northwales/wildlife.terns.html (439 words)

	New Page 1
		Terns are the most elegant of seabirds, with long narrow wings and tail streamers they are much slimmer and more streamlined than their relatives, the gulls.
		The first Arctic Terns are usually seen at Teesmouth in early May and the last birds have usually departed on their long migration by the end of September.
		Sandwich Terns do not nest at Teesmouth, but migrants moving to and from nesting colonies further north, such as those on the Farne Islands off the Northumberland coast, pass through the estuary.
	www.inca.uk.com /html/ternreport.html (1521 words)

	Sandwich Tern in New York September1996
		Despite foggy conditions we were enjoying scanning a large and very dynamic feeding flock of terns and gull a few hundred yards off Montauk Point, when Tony Lauro drew everyone's attention to a largish white tern leaving the flock and heading west along the beach.
		We relocated the Sandwich Tern further along the beach, roosting on some small partially submerged rocks along with a flock of 30-50 Common Terns and at least 2 Roseate Terns (S. dougallii).
		Perched on a boulder with Common Terns and a Double-crested Cormorant.
	www.oceanwanderers.com /SATN.NY.html (378 words)

	Vineyard Gazette - Bird News
		There are only four terns with crests that are commonly seen in the United States, the royal tern, the Caspian tern, the elegant tern and the Sandwich tern.
		The Sandwich tern's favorite habitat is coastal or shallow waters where, like all tern species, it dives into the water head first to catch its prey.
		The Sandwich tern is the smallest of the crested terns.
	www.mvgazette.com /features/bird_news?document=20050819_bird_news (886 words)

	North American Birds: Probable hybridization between Elegant Tern and Sandwich Tern in west-central Florida: The first ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Rosy underpants are unique to Elegant Terns among orange-- billed crested terns (Olsen and Larsson 1995), and the bird's size-intermediate between Royal and Sandwich Terns-rules out the smaller Cayenne Tern (S. [sandvicensis] eurygnatha) of the West Indies and South America, which is similar in size to the American race of Sandwich Tern, acuflavida.
		A lone Sandwich Tern bred with an Elegant Tern in California in 1995 and 1997 (Collins 1997), one or more Elegant Terns bred with Sandwich Terns in France from 1974 to 1985 (Olsen and Larsson 1995), and lone Lesser Crested Terns have bred with Sandwich Terns in England and the Netherlands (Olsen and Larsson 1995).
		The nesting of a vagrant Elegant Tern with a Sandwich Tern in Florida is therefore not surprising, especially considering the presence of Elegant Terns in the area for the previous two years.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4104/is_200301/ai_n9236040 (1464 words)

	Sandwich Tern
		Tern and strongly suggests that it is a hybrid, likely born at Bolsa Chica ORA in summer 1993.
		A Sandwich Tern appeared in the San Diego Bay colony in 1980, 1982, 1985, and 1987, and what may have been the same adult appeared in the Bolsa Chica colony in 1991 and each summer thereafter.
		The tern roost was on an island on the MTY side of the river, but the flock flushed and relanded several times, and occurred over SCZ airspace several times.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/CAlistSATE.html (786 words)

	SDNHM Focus on Royal and Elegant Terns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The only records of the Sandwich Tern in San Diego County, in 1980, 1982, 1985, and 1987, were of an individual that courted Elegant Terns in the colony at the works, and in 1995 another hybridized with an Elegant in the colony at Bolsa Chica.
		The Elegant Tern follows a migration schedule sharply defined by the calendar: arrival in early March, a postbreeding influx in June, July, and August, and departure in October and November.
		The Royal Tern, by contrast, does not have a strong seasonal pattern, being found along San Diego County's coast year round and being at least as numerous in winter as at other seasons.
	www.sdnhm.org /research/birdatlas/focus/terns.html (1583 words)

	Terns project work (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Terns, often referred to as sea-swallows, are amongst the smallest of seabirds and, although they nest in large noisy colonies, are very vulnerable to human disturbance.
		Terns are long distance migrants: they arrive at their Irish breeding colonies in late April or early May, most young fledge by the end of July and, after spending another month or so at favoured feeding sites known as pre-migration staging areas, they depart in September to return to their wintering areas in West Africa.
		In 1984, a full survey of all Irish tern colonies raised two important facts: firstly, that the Little Tern was the least numerous with only 257 pairs and secondly, that a high proportion of them nest on mainland beaches (as opposed to offshore islands) on the east coast of Ireland.
	www.birdwatchireland.ie /bwi/pages092003/consvwork/projects/terns.html (2090 words)

	RedOrbit - Reference Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		As with other Sterna terns, Roseate Tern feeds by plunge-diving for fish, almost invariably from the sea; it is much more marine than allied terns, only rarely visiting freshwater lagoons on the coast to bathe and not fishing in fresh water.
		This is a small-medium tern measuring 33-36cm long with a 67-76cm wingspan, which can be confused with the Common Tern, Arctic Tern, and the larger, but similarly plumaged, Sandwich Tern.
		Roseate Tern's thin sharp bill is fl, with a red base which develops through the breeding season, and is more extensive in the tropical and southern hemisphere races.
	www.redorbit.com /education/reference_library?article_id=542 (605 words)

	Sandwich tern - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		Sandwich tern - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		The Sandwich tern is a very white tern, with a fl cap on its head, a long fl bill with a yellow tip and short fl legs.
		There are colonies of Sandwich terns scattered around the UK coasts including the North Norfolk coast; Minsmere, Suffolk; and Dungeness, Kent.
	www.rspb.org.uk /birds/guide/s/sandwichtern/index.asp (132 words)

	Untitled
		Are ringed the breeding orange billed terns, the sandwich terns of the mixed couples and hybrid chicks.
		Ringed birds - in 2001: 1 lesser crested, 1 sandwich tern, 1 hybrid ; in 2003 : 1 unidentified orange billed tern, 2 sandwich terns, 1 hybrid chick ; in 2004 : 1 hybrid chick.
		note 1: one aim of this project is to study the moult of the Sandwich Tern and the use of the moulting stages for ageing.
	www.ping.be /~pin02658/cr-SandwTern.htm (617 words)

	Chinese Crested Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		It is most similar to the differing only in the bill pattern which the reverse of the Sandwich Tern's being with a fl tip.
		The larger Greater Crested Tern is also similar differing in the all-yellow bill and darker grey mantle and as well as in size.
		It is a critically endangered species previously thought extinct with a population of only four pairs rediscovered in nesting in a Greater Crested Tern colony an islet in the Matsu Islands just off the coast of Fujian Province China and wintering south to the Philippines.
	www.freeglossary.com /Chinese_Crested_Tern (491 words)

	Ringing terns at Nabben 2001
		One aim of the project is to study moult in the Sandwich Tern and the use of moult stages for ageing.
		Eight Sandwich Terns with foreign rings were controlled: 3 Danish, 3 Swedish and 2 German.
		Sandwich Terns with foreign rings were controlled: One Danish and one Swedish.
	www.skof.se /fbo/arkiv/tern_e01.htm (413 words)

	The Sandwich tern and organochlorine compounds - Environmental Data Compendium
		As a result of the discharges of environmentally hazardous substances in the 1960s, numbers of Sandwich tern have plummeted.
		Around 1900, colonies of Sandwich tern used to be plundered for the feathers, which were used to decorate ladies' hats.
		Around 1960 the numbers of breeding pairs of the Sandwich tern fell sharply as a result of poisoning from the discharges of organochlorine compounds in the Nieuwe Waterweg - particularly after an accident in 1963.
	www.mnp.nl /mnc/i-en-1103.html (308 words)

	Florida's Beach Nesting Birds
		Royal and Sandwich Terns lay only one egg per pair; the devoted parents feed this single chick until the next spring, one of the longest instances of parental care in the bird kingdom.
		Least Terns nest in numerous sites along the coast, and have also resorted to flat, white-gravel rooftops in desperation as beach nest sites are lost to development and human impacts.
		The first-ever nesting of an Elegant Tern in Florida - or anywhere east of California - was the highlight of the 2002 nesting season in Tampa Bay.
	www.baysoundings.com /sum02/birds.html (1337 words)

	Musselburgh - Royal Tern 1999
		There was a small roost of terns, gulls and waders on the rocks at the north end of Thorntonloch beach as my son and I walked down from the concrete walkway at Torness Power Station (Lothian).
		In direct comparison with Sandwich Tern, it was the same shade (in brighter light) or perhaps slightly paler (in dull light).
		I identified the bird as a Royal Tern, as opposed to a Lesser Crested, Elegant or Caspian Tern, on the basis of its size, bill shape/size, mantle colour and rump colour.
	www.andrewsi.freeserve.co.uk /royal_tern.htm (1066 words)

	Nearctica - Natural History - Birds of Eastern North America - Laridae - Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis)
		However the wings are mottled with brown and white and are not uniformly gray.
		Habitat: The Sandwich Tern is found on coastal beaches and on islands.
		The nests are often mixed with those of the Royal Tern.
	www.nearctica.com /birds/gulls/Ssand.htm (234 words)

	Royal Tern Banding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Once the volunteers arrived at the colony, a temporary wire corral was constructed and herding of the young terns began.
		A handful of Sandwich Terns were in the colony and were outfitted with smaller bands to accommodate their smaller size.
		As the totals for recent years suggest, this was a good year for Royal Tern breeding and a record year for Sandwich Terns on Fisherman Island.
	www.assateague.org /plover/3-98-a.html (263 words)

	ttmysterytern2
		Looking again at the legs, the tern's efforts to perch on wires may be affecting the perception of length; there seems to be very little tibia showing....
		Perhaps it was the fact that the bird was perched on a rope, a "characteristic" of marsh terns (but of course not limited to them) and had those obviously sturdy, reddish legs..
		With regard to the Tern I'd have to agree with you that its a 1st-winter/1st-summer ('portlandica'-type) Common Tern (albeit abnormally pale-crowned).
	www.geocities.com /secaribbirds/ttmysterytern2.html (3431 words)

	eNature: FieldGuides: Species Detail
		A slender tern, white with gray mantle, fl cap, short crest, and long, fl, yellow-tipped bill.
		Discussion The Sandwich Tern is one of three crested terns occurring along our coasts.
		Sandwich Terns feed offshore, diving for fish, shrimp, and squid; inshore they have been reported to eat marine worms as well.
	www.enature.com /fieldguides/detail.asp?recnum=BD0088 (192 words)

	Birds of the Upper Texas Coast - Sandwich Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A medium sized tern between a Forster's and Royal Tern in size.
		Sandwich Terms may be in winter plumage by July.
		Look for Sandwich Terns on beaches at Bolivar Flats, Galveston Island State Park, San Luis Pass, and Christmas Bay State Park.
	www.texasbirding.net /birds/sandwich.htm (122 words)

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