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Topic: Sandy Hook Lighthouse

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Sandy Hook Lighthouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Sandy Hook Light has endured the occupancy of British soldiers during the Revolutionary War and exposure to the elements on the end of Sandy Hook.
		The Sandy Hook Lighthouse was restored in Spring 2000.
		The breakwater lighthouse had to be relatively light in order to avoid stress on the foundation; the structure had to be strong in order to withstand the impact of the waves and vibrations; and the lighthouse had to be compact because of the limited space available for the structure.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sandy-Hook-Lighthouse (418 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse
		The lighthouse was first lit on June 11, 1764, which makes it the oldest active lighthouse in the United States.
		Believe it or not, this 73 foot lighthouse is at its original location, 1.5 miles from the tip of Sandy Hook.
		The south side of the house is used by the NJLHS and the north side is a dormitory for the Sandy Hook ranger staff since 1976.
	www.thejanskys.org /lighthouse/NJ/sndyhook.html (503 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sandy Hook Lighthouse, located about one and a half miles off the tip of Sandy Hook, New Jersey, is the oldest working lighthouse in the United States.
		Sandy Hook Light has endured the occupancy of British soldiers during the Revolutionary War and exposure to the elements on the end of Sandy Hook.
		The Sandy Hook Lighthouse was restored in Spring 2000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sandy_Hook_Lighthouse (218 words)

	Light House Evolution and Typology
		Lighthouse administration had become too large to remain a direct responsibility of the Secretary of the Treasury and was assigned to the Fifth Auditor.
		The screw-pile structure had revolutionized lighthouses in the bays and sounds of southern waters; however, this technology was not applicable in northern waters due to the screw-pile’s vulnerability to swift currents and ice.
		The breakwater lighthouse had to be relatively light in order to avoid stress on the foundation; the structure had to be strong in order to withstand the impact of the waves and vibrations; and the lighthouse had to be compact because of the limited space available for the structure.
	www.uscg.mil /hq/g-cp/history/LHevolution.html (5608 words)

	Sandy Hook National Historic Landmark Nomination
		It is interesting to note that when built the lighthouse stood about five hundred feet from the northern end of Sandy Hook, now, due to the action of the water, the light is five-eighths of a mile from the point.
		The lighthouse is entered through a vestibule on the south side and the visitor then proceeds down a short, vaulted hall to the circular iron stairs by which the ascent to the beacon is made with the aid of a rope guy attached with iron rings to the interior wall.
		The tall, white lighthouse at Sandy Hook, New Jersey was the fifth lighthouse to be built in America, when erected in 1764, and today is the oldest standing light tower in the United States.
	www.cr.nps.gov /maritime/nhl/sandy.htm (1210 words)

	Lighthouse Design and Equipment
		The preferred foundation for masonry lighthouses was bedrock but a method using wooden piles driven into the substrate and topped with timbers and/or rubble-stone had to be used in regions, such as the coastal plain, where bedrock was lacking.
		Masonry walls of lighthouses are typically several feet thick at the base and decrease in thickness upward, with heights ranging from 30 feet at Piney Point Lighthouse (1836), Maryland, to the tallest lighthouse in the United States, the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse (1870), North Carolina, at 197 feet.
		lighthouse type used a large cast-iron cylinder, which was sunk on the bottom and filled with rock and concrete to form a foundation.
	www.nightbeacon.com /lighthouseinformation/lighthousedesignnequipment.htm (2366 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse
		This lighthouse was built in 1764 on a narrow, sandy strip of land near the New Jersey shore.
		Since 1764, the lighthouse's unfailing beam has befriended innumerable vessels as they have passed in or out of New York's great harbor.
		Because of the risks to shipping in the treacherous waters around Sandy Hook, numerous merchants in New York City pressed the colony's government for the erection of a lighthouse on the desolate point.
	www.transfercare.com /Sandy.htm (203 words)

	Hangout - Lighthouses
		Built in 1764, Sandy Hook Lighthouse is the nation’s oldest lighthouse.
		It was one of the 12 lighthouses built before the American Revolution.
		Sandy Hook was the first lighthouse in America to use an incandescent lamp.
	www.state.nj.us /hangout_nj/200208_lighthouses_p13.html (168 words)

	NJLHS - New Jersey Lighthouses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Brandywine Shoal Lighthouse- a caisson-type lighthouse in the Delaware Bay.
		Lighthouse Tower admission is $5 for adults and $1 for children (ages 3-12).
		Sandy Hook Lighthouse - the oldest operating lighthouse in the country, built in 1764.
	njlhs.burlco.org /lights.htm (639 words)

	Lights_001 - Page: 18 of 38
		The Sandy Hook lighthouse was the first lighthouse in the country to be lit by electric incandescent lamps in 1889.
		Earlier, in 1886, the Lighthouse Board experimented with electric arc lamps placed in the torch of the Statue of Liberty, which was used briefly during this time as an aid to navigation.
		At a ceremony celebrating this event, Walter I. Pozen, a New Jersey native and assistant to the Secretary of the Interior dedicated the lighthouse as a National Historic Landmark and presented a scroll and plaque to Captain J. Wagline, Chief of Staff of the Third Coast Guard District which maintains the light.
	www.lh-lighthouseclub.org /lights_001_018.htm (257 words)

	Visit Sandy Hook
		Sandy Hook is a 1665 acres barrier beach peninsula located at the northern tip of the New Jersey Shore.
		The Hook features seven miles of ocean beaches, the waters of the Sandy Hook Bay, salt marsh, dunes, a maritime forest, and habitat for migratory shorebirds.
		The US Army first fortified the Hook in the War of 1812 and later tested weapons at the Sandy Hook Proving Ground.
	www.visitmonmouth.com /lighthouses/visiting_hours.htm (324 words)

	Lighthouse \| Point Cabrillo Light Station, Mendocino, California (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The oldest existing lighthouse in America is Sandy Hook, NJ (1764) which, is still in operation.
		The tallest lighthouse is Cape Hatteras, NC (200 ft. built in 1872).
		Over the years, lighthouses were placed under the direction of Department of Revenue (this department was disbanded in 1820), Treasury (until 1903), the Commerce and Transportation.
	www.pointcabrillo.org /link-lighthouses2.htm (461 words)

	The Historic House Trust of New York City - Museums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Jeffrey's Hook lighthouse, which formerly had stood as the North Hook Beacon at Sandy Hook, New Jersey, from 1880-1917, was reconstructed in 1921 by the United States Bureau of Lighthouses as part of a project to improve the navigational aids on the Hudson River.
		The Jeffrey's Hook lighthouse, the southernmost fixed navigational aid on the Hudson River and the only lighthouse on the island of Manhattan, marked a prominent point projecting into a deep stretch of the river below Mount Washington and is a reminder of a more natural river shoreline than exists today.
		The erection of the lighthouse at its current site was associated with the importance of river shipping in the first decades of the twentieth century when the New York State Barge Canal system was improved and the deeper Hudson Shipway and the Port of Albany were under development.
	www.historichousetrust.org /museum.php?msmid=17 (328 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse - The Boardwalk Catalog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Numerous shipwrecks on unseen sandbars and shoals raised the cry for a lighthouse to be built.
		In 1764 the original lighthouse was lit for the first time on the tip of Sandy Hook.
		The lighthouse was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.
	www.jerseyboardwalk.com /shklight.htm (222 words)

	New Jersey Lighthouse Society Home Page - Sandy Hook Lighthouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		As early as 1679-80, Edmund Andreas, Colonial Governor of the Colony of New York, suggested to Sir George Carteret the advisability of constructing a lighthouse on Sandy Hook.
		The New York lighthouse was frequently a target for lightning, despite the lightning rod on the top of the cupola.
		The Sandy Hook lighthouse became the first lighthouse in the country to be lit by electric incandescent lamps in 1889.
	njlhs.burlco.org /sandyhk.htm (2305 words)

	New Jersey Lighthouses
		This tower was built originally as an experimental lighthouse at the Lighthouse Depot on Staten Island, New York; there is a proposal to return the lighthouse to the Depot, which is now the National Lighthouse Museum.
		In its original form the lighthouse was a sibling of the New Dorp Light on Staten Island, but subsequent owners have expanded the house.
		In 2003 the lighthouse was repainted in its historically-accurate buff color, somewhat to the dismay of local residents accustomed to seeing it in white with fl trim.
	www.unc.edu /%7Erowlett/lighthouse/nj.htm (3686 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse
		However, unlike most lighthouses that become threatened by the encroaching shoreline, there is a northern expansion of the Sandy Hook so that today the lighthouse stands about 1½ miles from the point.
		n 1889 the Sandy Hook lighthouse became the first lighthouse in the country to be lit by electric incandescent lamps.
		The lighthouse is still in active operation and is equipped with a 3rd-order Fresnel lens illuminated by a 1000 watt bulb, and emitting 45,000 candle-power.
	www.ctcn.net /~sesnyder/sandy_hook_lighthouse.html (400 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse
		Off the tip of Sandy Hook, NJ, is the oldest working lighthouse in the country.
		The lighthouse is open for tours on weekends during May, June and July, and the grounds are open daily.
		At the north end of Sandy Hook enter the Fort Hancock Historic District.
	www.cyberlights.com /lh/nj/sandyhook.htm (250 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Sandy Hook Tower was built by Isaac Conro in 1764.
		The lighthouse is an octagonal tower built from local rubble stone covered with mortar.
		The Sandy Hook lighthouse is the oldest, original structure still functioning as a navigational beacon in the United States.
	www.guidinglights.com /html/sandyhook-lh.htm (44 words)

	Legendary Lighthouses: Great Stories-North Atlantic
		This daughter of a lighthouse keeper (her full name was Idawalley Zorada Lewis) was a national heroine by age 27, for her multiple daring rescues.
		Surrounded on all sides by the sea, and on high ground, the lighthouse received the fury of the rain and wind and damp and cold.
		She had imagined her life as the wife of a keeper would be in an idyllic setting such as at Sandy Hook.
	www.pbs.org /legendarylighthouses/html/natlgs.html (1283 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse
		The historic image of the old-time American lighthouse keeper is of a very dedicated and heroic individual who maintained a light at lonely and isolated locations, all night long, through all kinds of weather, year after year.
		In 1863, the Lighthouse Board reported that the lighthouse tower was “thoroughly renovated.” The work included the addition of a red-brick interior lining to increase the thickness and add reinforcement to the original stone tower wall, and a new iron spiral staircase to replace an older wooden one.
		The New Jersey Lighthouse Society is a partner with the National Park Service in the preservation and interpretation of the Sandy Hook Lighthouse.
	www.seathelights.com /nj/sh.html (1413 words)

	Sandy Hook Events
		Because Sandy Hook dominates a major channel into New York harbor, it has been the site of a lighthouse and a series of forts since colonial times.
		The remains of the Sandy Hook Proving Ground, where new U.S. Army weapons were tested from 1874 until 1919, may be seen.
		Sand dunes protect portions of the Sandy Hook uplands against seawinds and enable the growth of plant life.
	www.bahrs.com /jaycos2/sanhookev2.html (345 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse Wallpaper Guide
		(1) Sandy Hook Light was built to mark the entrance to New York Harbor as the Fifth Lighthouse established in America.
		Sandy Hook Light was originally known as the New York Lighthouse, owned and operated by the State of New York.
		The dispute was resolved on Nov 16, 1790 when Sandy Hook was ceded to the new Federal Government per the Act of August 7, 1789.
	home.comcast.net /~debee2/NNNS/SandyHook.html (861 words)

	Lighthouses@Lighthouse Digest ... Lookin’ good at Sandy Hook
		The oldest operating lighthouse in the United States not only continues to beam its light, but the beacon’s beauty beams as bright as the day it was built, thanks in part to a major restoration of the historic tower.
		The lighthouse, decked out in red, white, and blue bunting, was rededicated this past June with Revolutionary War re-enactors on hand, and the tower was opened for the public to climb.
		Sandy Hook lighthouse was first lit in June of 1764.
	www.lhdigest.com /Digest/StoryPage.cfm?StoryKey=810 (269 words)

	Gateway National Recreation Area - History & Culture (U.S. National Park Service)
		In June, 2006, the historic Sandy Hook Lighthouse Keepers Quarters opened as a visitor contact station for tours of the Sandy Hook Lighthouse, America's oldest light.
		The $650,000 rehabilitation of the Keepers Quarters was funded by the park's Friends Group, the Sandy Hook Foundation.
		The main floor has exhibits on New Jersey lighthouses, while the upper floors are offices and lodging for the Foundation and the NJ Lighthouse Society, the volunteer group that conducts Lighthouse tours for the NPS.
	www.nps.gov /gate/historyculture/index.htm (188 words)

	Lighthouses
		Lighthouses assist a navigator in verifying positions and safe courses, marking channels and warning the navigator of any dangers or obstructions to certain routes.
		Usually, lighthouses can be identified by their light color and flashing lights at night and by the shape and color of their daymark during the light hours.
		Most lighthouses today have apparatus that is mechanically extinguished at first light.
	www.ctcn.net /~sesnyder/lighthouses.html (273 words)

	Military, History -- Fort Hancock Historic District
		Sandy Hook, a six-mile sandbar peninsula reaching into lower New York Harbor, was a strategic site for both navigational and defense purposes.
		In 1764 the Sandy Hook Lighthouse was constructed to curtail the growing number of shipwrecks.
		The site of a number of fortifications since the American Revolution, Sandy Hook became the home of Fort Hancock in 1899, with the completion of the first thirty-four buildings, including eighteen Georgian Revival style homes for officers and their families.
	www.fieldtrip.com /nj/88720115.htm (372 words)

	About the City of New York/Parks and Recreation
		A standard type conical iron tower, painted red, the lighthouse was in operation at Jeffrey's Hook from 1921 to 1947 with a flashing red light and a fog signal.
		The Jeffrey's Hook lighthouse, the southernmost fixed navigational aid on the Hudson River and the only lighthouse on the island of Manhattan, marker\d a prominent point projecting into a deep stretch of the river below Mount Washington and is a reminder of a more natural river shoreline than exists today.
		The erection of the lighthouse at its current site was associated with the importance of river shipping in the first decades of the twentieth century when the New York State Barge Canal system was improved and the deeper Hudson Shipway and the Port of Albany were under development.
	www.nycgovparks.org /sub_about/parks_divisions/historic_houses/hh_little_red_light.html (335 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse Keeper’s Quarters Rehabilitation Project Underway - Atlantic Highlands Herald - New Jersey
		In addition to her Sandy Hook Foundation presidency she remains active with the Monmouth County Transportation Council and continues her historic preservation work at Sea Bright.
		Venuto is working closely with Sandy Hook Park Historian Tom Hoffman and with Tom Laverty, president of the Twin Lights Lighthouse and the NJ Lighthouse Society, to develop interactive and educational displays for visitors.
		The Sandy Hook Foundation is the Official Friends Group of the National Park and is dedicated to service as a partner with the National Park Service, acting as a catalyst for nurturing and protecting Sandy Hook and historic Fort Hancock for future generations.
	www.ahherald.com /news/2005/0217/sandy_hook_light.htm (742 words)

	Sandy Hook Lighthouse, New Jersey at Lighthousefriends.com
		This light was completed in 1764 and is the oldest continuously operating lighthouse in the United States.
		Sandy Hook Light is 29 feet in diameter at the base and 15 feet in diameter at the top.
		Sandy Hook Light is a reminder of our rich maritime history and is still an important aid to navigation at the entrance to New York Harbor.
	www.lighthousefriends.com /light.asp?ID=378 (209 words)

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