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Topic: Sanguo Zhi

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San Guo Zhi

Chen Shou

Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms

Cao Zhi

Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Three Kingdoms

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Zhang Liao

Zhou Yu

Chen Wu

Jiang Wei

Battle of red Cliffs

Cao Pi

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	Virtues of the Characters of the Three Kingdoms: Benevolence, Uprightness, Wisdom and Courage
		From Sanguo yanyi, regardless whoever the authentic author is, we all know that Liu Xuande 劉玄德, or Liu Pei 劉備 is supposedly a remote descendant of the Han imperial family.
		However, in Sanguo yanyi, the episode of the Liu Pei's triple solicitation in which he encounters several people whom Liu assumes to be Zhuge Liang, it seems very clear that Zhuge Liang is a Daoist recluse from this perspective.
		Sanguo zhi 三國志 by Chen Shou, 5 Vols.
	www.geocities.com /ba_cam_ma/sanguoyanyi_ren_yi_zhi_yung.html (6822 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sanguo zhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		After the fall of Wu, Chen Shou's Sanguo Zhi received the acclaim of senior minister Zhang Hua, who suggested assigning him to the creation of the history of Jin.
		The Sanguo Zhi used the dates of Wei kingdom as standard after the fall of Han.
		In the fifth century, Sanguo Zhi was annotated by Pei Songzhi (372-451), a native of Wenxi, Hedong (present day Shushan, Shanxi).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sanguo-zhi (1690 words)

	Sanguo Zhi -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Together with the Shi ji (Book of History), Han Shu (Book of Han) and Hou Han Shu (Book of the Later Han), Sanguo Zhi is part of the 'Four Histories', as well as the canon of histories known as the (Click link for more info and facts about Twenty-Four Histories) Twenty-Four Histories.
		After the fall of (A dialect of Chinese spoken in the Yangtze delta) Wu, Chen Shou's Sanguo Zhi received the acclaim of senior minister Zhang Hua, who suggested assigning him to the creation of the history of Jin.
		The Sanguo Zhi used the dates of (Any of several imperial dynasties of China ruling from 220 to 265 and from 386 to 556) Wei kingdom as standard after the fall of (Imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy) Han.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/S/Sa/Sanguo_Zhi.htm (1032 words)

	Sanguo Zhi (SGZ) and Sanguo Yanyi (ROTK) - China History Forum, Chinese History Forum
		These annotations do contradict the Sanguo Zhi in some instances, but not to the extent of showing that Chen Shou had really distorted anything.
		The Sanguo Zhi was written in the 280s, only soon after the Three Kingdoms period ended.
		The annotation by Pei Songzhi, which incorporated sources other than the Sanguo Zhi (sources which are now lost in their original form), was done in the Southern Dynasties, in the 5th century.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=4865 (1753 words)

	San Guo Era Introduction
		Sanguo Zhi (SGZ), literally means Records of Three Kingdoms.
		Sanguo Zhi, integrated with the Zhu (notes), was then established as the official history of the Three Kingdoms era.
		Zi Zhi Tong Jian (ZZTJ), a historical record of 1,362 years of Chinese history (403 B.C. to A.D. 959), written by Sima Guang during the Northern Song reign.
	blackdragon-san.tripod.com /jonathan_wu/id4.html (573 words)

	Sanguo Zhi - Result for Sanguo Zhi - Meaning of Sanguo Zhi - Definition of Sanguo Zhi - Dictionary of Meaning - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Together with the ''Shi ji'' (Book of History), ''Han Shu'' (Book of Han) and ''Hou Han Shu'' (Book of the Later Han), ''Sanguo Zhi'' is part of the 'Four Histories', as well as the canon of histories known as the '' Twenty-Four Histories ''.
		After the fall of Kingdom_of_Wu Wu, Chen Shou's ''Sanguo Zhi'' received the acclaim of senior minister Zhang Hua, who suggested assigning him to the creation of the history of Jin.
		The ''Sanguo Zhi'' used the dates of Kingdom of Wei Wei kingdom as standard after the fall of Han Dynasty Han.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Sanguo_Zhi.html (1084 words)

	Sanguo Zhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sanguo zhi ( Chinese 三國志), variously translated as Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Records of the Three States and Records of the Three Kingdoms) was a historical text written by Chen Shou during the Chinese Jin Dynasty (265-420) on the period of Three Kingdoms.
		Sanguo Zhi ">1 Origin and structure of Sanguo Zhi
		Sanguo Zhi as historical record">3 Sanguo Zhi as historical record
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/sanguo_zhi (976 words)

	Chinese Theory and Criticism: 2. Pre-modern Theories of Fiction and Drama
		The earliest known example of fiction criticism is the 1494 preface to the fifteenth-century novel Sanguo zhi tongsu yanyi (translated as Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms).
		Li Zhi's literary discussions appear in two collections of essays, letters, and poems-- Fenshu [A book to be burned] (1590) and Cangshu [A book to be hidden away] (1599)--as well as in his (putative) commentary on the fourteenth-century novel Shuihu zhuan (1592?, Water Margin, trans.
		Li Zhi also recognized, however, the didactic value of the novel Water Margin because its heroes were, to him, the embodiments of important moral virtues, and he emphasized that the author's own moral outlook should be projected in a novel's characters and plot.
	www.press.jhu.edu /books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/chinese_theory_and_criticism-_2._pre-modern_theories_of_fiction_and_drama.html (4607 words)

	China and Inner Asia Sessions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One of the greatest attractions of the Sanguo yanyi for its readers is its unambiguous treatment of the Three Kingdoms hero, Liu Bei of Shu, as the legitimate successor to the Han dynasty.
		The official history of the era, Sanguozhi, by Chen Shou, is equally unambiguous in its treatment of the Wei house of the Cao Cao as the legitimate successor.
		In Sanguo yanyi, Liu Bei, the leader of the Shu, emerges as one who wins support from the common people with his compassion and acquires loyalty from men of talent with his fraternal love, despite inconsistencies and possible excess in the novel’s depiction of his moral character.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/2005abst/China/C-14.htm (1061 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Byeonhan
		The San guo zhi, a Chinese chronicle which discusses the Samhan peoples, states that the culture of Byeonhan was closer to that of Jinhan than of Mahan.
		Also according to the San guo zhi, Byeonhan was made of 12 states including Mirimidong (미리미동국/彌離彌凍國), Jeopdo (접도국/接塗國), Gojamidong (고자미동국/古資彌凍國), Gosunsi (고순시국/古淳是國), Banro (반로국/半路國), Akno (악노국/樂奴國), Gunmi (군미국/軍彌國), Mioyama (미오야마국/彌烏邪馬國), Ganro (감로국/甘路國), Guya (구야국/狗邪國), Jujoma (주조마국/走漕馬國), Anya (안야국/安邪國), and Dokro (독로국/瀆盧國).
		According to the 3rd century Chinese chronicle Wei Zhi, Byeonhan was known for the production of iron ; they exported iron to Yamato Japan and the rest of the Korean peninsula.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Byeonhan (451 words)

	Battle of Jieqiao - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Battle of Jie Qiao ( Chinese : 界橋之戰, pinyin : Jièqiáo zhi zhàn) was a military engagement fought between Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan in 191, at the beginning of the civil wars in China leading up to the fall of the Han Dynasty.
		It was the first significant clash of arms between the rival warlords in the contest for dominion of the northern provinces of Jizhou and Qingzhou.
		Whilst the numbers may have exaggerated, their appearance must have been impressive; Sanguo Zhi describes how their "flags and armour lit up Heaven and Earth".
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Battle_of_Jieqiao (848 words)

	Romance of the Three Kingdoms Poetry - Kongming's Archives
		The novel, Sanguo yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms), contained a great deal of poetry to go along with the actual story, the total numbering in the hundreds.
		Additionally, poets of the time such as Cao Zhi composed their own work, and people today continue that tradition through new poetry.
		This page is dedicated to displaying favorite poems found in the novel, composed by people of that time, and original poetry about the Three Kingdoms era.
	www.kongming.net /poetry (273 words)

	2. China, 1522-1796. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		WANG YANGMING ( Wang Shouren, 1472–1529) was the greatest thinker of his age and an eminent official as well.
		Irreverent iconoclasm eventually cost one of them, Li Zhi (1527–1602), his life.
		Wang's teachings were popular elsewhere in East Asia, especially in Japan.
	www.bartleby.com /67/851.html (1099 words)

	guan yu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The leading source on Guan Yu is undoubtedly Sanguo zhi, which contains almost all we know about the historical man. Popular conceptions of Guan Yu have, however, been habitually clouded by the account in the sixteenth century historical fiction Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
		The historical Guan Yu The following account follows Guan's biography in chapter 36 of Sanguo zhi.
		Guan Yu was born in Jie county, Hedong commandery in present day Shaanxi province.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /guan_yu.html (1417 words)

	Fu Zhi - Resources from Educational and Academic Institutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Gu Yao Yan : Pei Zou Zhi is better than his older brother Pei Rang Zhi, and Huang Fu Laing is also better than his older brother Haung Fu He.
		Zhi Wang : Zhi Wang Ph.D., University of Leuven, Belgium, 1997 Assistant Professor Department of Earth and Environmental...
		Hospital and Harvard University; Rodney L. Dunn, a biostatistician; and Zhi Yao, a...
	drugs.mongabay.com /Fu_Zhi.html (2148 words)

	Guan Yu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		He fought on Cao's side at the Battle of Guandu in 200, killing Yuan Shao 's general Yan Liang in a much celebrated encounter.
		As governor, he saw Cao Cao in the north as the main enemy and rejected overtures from the neighbouring warlord Sun Quan.
		According to the Sanguo Zhi : "Sun Quan had sent an emissary to request marriage between his son and Guan Yu’s daughter.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/G/Guan-Yu.htm (1661 words)

	ENGLISH ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Battle of Red Cliffs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At Red Cliffs, the southern warlords Liu and Sun successfully resisted an effort by Cao to conquer the lands south of the Yangzi River and reunify the Chinese empire.
		Sources on the battle in Sanguo Zhi differ widely on details so generally only an outline can be given.
		After his successful campaign on the northern frontier against the Wuhuan in the winter of 207, Cao Cao turned south in the autumn of 208, aiming to break his main southern rivals quickly.
	encyclopaedic.net /english/ba/battle_of_red_cliffs.html (698 words)

	Three Kingdoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Popular knowledge of the history of the period has long been distorted by the famous epic Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
		The authoritative historical record of the era is Chen Shou's Sanguo Zhi and Pei Songzhi's later annotations.
		The term "Three Kingdoms" itself has been regarded as a mistranslation since each state was eventually headed by an Emperor, who claimed legitimate succession from the Han Dynasty.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/three_kingdoms (2614 words)

	San: Three Kingdoms Comic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The history of Three Kingdoms rests in Sanguo Zhi (Records of Three Kingdoms) the official and authoritative historical record, composed by Chen Shou.
		During the 14th century, Luo Guanzhong the author wrote the historical novel on Three Kingdoms era using Sanguo Zhi, but he also ficitonized much of parts in Three Kingdoms story.
		The novel, Sanguo Yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms), became one of Four Classical Novels of Chinese literature.
	san.pengguo.com /index.php?mode=history (283 words)

	sanguo zhi
		Hou Han Shu (Book of the Later Han), Sanguo Zhi is part of the 'Four Histories', as well...
		Han Shu (Book of the Later Han), Sanguo Zhi is part of the 'Four Histories', as...
		Sanguo zhi (Chinese ×), variously translated as Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Records of the...
	www.logicjungle.com /find-sanguo+zhi.html (337 words)

	Sanguo Zhi - China-related Topics Q-T - China-Related Topics
		The work collects the smaller histories of the rival states Kingdom of WeiWei, Kingdom of ShuShu and Kingdom of WuWu into a single text and provided the basis for the later more popular historical fiction Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
		After the fall of Kingdom_of_WuWu, Chen Shou's Sanguo Zhi received the acclaim of senior minister Zhang Hua, who suggested assigning him to the creation of the history of Jin.
		The Sanguo Zhi used the dates of Kingdom of WeiWei kingdom as standard after the fall of Han DynastyHan.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Sanguo_Zhi (1008 words)

	Romance of the Three Kingdoms - :: Romance of the Three Kingdoms :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 429 A.D. the Liu-Song Emperor accepted Pei Zhongzhi’s work, and the revised Sanguo Zhi, integrated with the Zhu (notes), was then established as the official history of the Three Kingdoms era.
		Luo Guanzhong could also have consulted Zi Zhi Tong Jian (ZZTJ), a historical record of 1,362 years of Chinese history (403 B.C. to A.D. 959), written by Sima Guang during the Northern Song reign.
		Summarizing, SGZ formed the basis for Sima Guang’s narration on the Sanguo period.
	www.avidgamers.com /rottk/about.html (677 words)

	Chinese History - Han Dynasty event history (www.chinaknowledge.org)
		The novel Sanguo yanyi ä¸åæ¼”ç¾© "The Three Kingdoms" reports the oath of Liu Bei åå, Guan Yu é—ç¾½ and Zhang Fei å¼µé£ to rescue the Han Dynasty from the Yellow Turban rebels.
		As result of the Huangjin rebellions, northern China was devastated, and the military was prepared for the struggle among the warlords that should dominate China's history for the next 20 years.
		The unity of the empire was seen as a crucial task for every Chinese emperor, not only political, but also in the sphere of intellectuality, philosophy and culture.
	www.chinaknowledge.org /History/Han/han-event.html (8129 words)

	Millennial Fair – Zhou Yu (Gongjin) (AD 175 — 210 A.D)
		Sun Ce sent a memorial to the crown, in which he appointed Zhou Yu as Grand Administrator of Jiangxia, General of the Gentlemen of the Household Who Establishes Majesty, and Protector of the Army at the Centre.
		(12) There are different versions of the debate available, both recorded by Chen Shou in Sanguo Zhi.
		(17) Generals of the South, Sanguo Zhi quotiong Jiangbiao Zhuan.
	www.millennial-fair.com /literature/zhouyu.html (3267 words)

	Romance of the Three Kingdoms - China-related Topics Q-T - China-Related Topics
		The earliest attempt to combine these stories into a written work was San Guo Zhi Ping Hua (三国志评话), published sometime between 1321 and 1323.
		His novel was written in plain Chinese and was considered the standard text for 300 years.
		Luo made greater use of available historical records including the Sanguo ZhiChronicles of the Three Kingdoms compiled by Chen Shou, which covered events from the Yellow Turban Rebellion in AD 184 up to the unification of the three kingdoms under the Jin Dynasty in AD 280.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms (2209 words)

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