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	Prakrit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prakrit (Sanskrit prakrta: "natural, usual") refers to the broad family of the Indic languages and dialects spoken in ancient India.
		The Prakrits were literary languages, generally patronized by kings identified with the ksatriya caste, and regarded as illegitimate by the Brahmin orthodoxy.
		Virtually every Sanskrit student in India learns the traditional story that Sanskrit was created and then refined over many generations (traditionally more than a thousand years) until it was considered complete and perfect.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prakrit (389 words)

	Madhurima's Page - Sanskrit Drama
		Drama has always been held in high esteem by Indians.Drama was a part of the broader art form of Natya and is considered to be the best form of Kavya.
		The sole aim of Sanskrit drama was to a particular emotion in the minds of the audience and poetry, drama, music, lyrics, mime, song and dance were made use of to achieve this purpose.
		The decline of Sanskrit drama is attributed to the Muslim invasions.
	www.geocities.com /fisik_99/sankdram.htm (587 words)

	Asian drama. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		References to the drama and to dramatic criticism in the work of the grammarian Panini constitute a more certain indication of an early date for Sanskrit drama.
		The Sanskrit plays were performed in palaces and, as in all Asian drama, the performances were highly stylized in terms of gesture and costume, and music and dance played a significant part in them.
		Among the masterpieces of Chinese drama are The Injustice Suffered by Tou F by Kuan Han-ch’ing, The Western Chamber by Wang Shi-fu, and The Orphan of the House of Chao by Chi Chun-hsaing (all 12th–15th cent.); The Peony Pavilion by T’ang Hsien-tsu (16th cent.); and The Palace of Long Life by Hung Sheng (17th cent.).
	www.bartleby.com /65/as/Asiandra.html (1642 words)

	Asian drama: Sanskrit Drama
		Sanskrit drama is part of Sanskrit literature, the classical literature of India, which flourished from about 1500 B.C. to about A.D. The earliest extant critical work on Sanskrit drama is attributed to Bharata, the legendary formulator of the dramatic art in India.
		It is undoubtedly the religious influence that explains the happy endings occurring in all Sanskrit drama.
		The language of Sanskrit drama alternates between prose and lyric poetry.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/ent/A0856736.html (350 words)

	Sanskrit Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In Sanskrit literature, moreover, with the exception of the Mahabharata and the Puranas, the authors are generally definite persons, more or less well known, whereas the writings of the Vedic period go back either to families of poets or to religious schools.
		The Sanskrit name for "drama" is nataka, from the root nat, nrit, meaning "to dance," and it is certain that dances contributed to the development of the drama.
		The dramas of Bhavabhuti, who is, next to Kalidasa and Dandin, the most distinguished of the Hindu dramatists, date from the 8th century.
	www.connect.net /ron/sanskritliterature.html (1490 words)

	PRAKRIT - LoveToKnow Article on PRAKRIT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In th last-named Brahmans, heroes and people of high rank spoke it Sanskrit, while the other characters expressed themselves iI some Secondary Prakrit according to nationality or profession This later stage of the Secondary Prakrits is known as th Prakrit par excellence, and forms the main subject of the presen article.
		On the other hand, although to a certain extent artificial, the literary Prakrits are all based on local vernaculars, a fact entirely borne out by a comparison with the modern Indian languages, which closely agree with them in their mutual points of difference.
		It is some-what distorted, for the authors wrote according to the ruleslaid down by technical handbooks, and the dialects whichthey employed were, in the case of the later writers, as dead asSanskrit.
	80.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PR/PRAKRIT.htm (5500 words)

	sanskrit
		The beginning of the Sanskrit literature may be traced back to the Rigvedic period (1500-1200 B.C.) which can be regarded as religious in character only in the widest sense of the term.
		The conventions of Sanskrit drama are al,l observed by Bhasa.
		Sanskrit continued to be the vehicle of literary expression even in the modern period, though it was less prolific not being the language of the common masses.
	www.indiavisitinformation.com /indian-language/sanskrit.shtml (829 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sanskrit literature : The Sanskrit Period (Asian Literature) - Encyclopedia
		B.C.) of the Sanskrit age is one of epics.
		In Sanskrit drama the stories are borrowed from legend, and love is the usual theme.
		Sanskrit literature of the modern period consists mainly of academic exercises.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sansklit-the-sanskrit-period.html (562 words)

	Sanskrit Literature and Its Drawbacks. On the defects of Sanskrit literatture and language; the Non-Brahmin Resistance ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		By means of Sanskritisation all vitality and life was sucked out of the vernaculars, whilst stulted, dead and artificial cultures were foisted in their place.
		Sanskrit literature always appears stiff, formal and highly artificial since it was never spoken, and hence lacks the depth and passion that works in the mother tongue display.
		The over-emphasis on Sanskrit in the early days of Indology (which was but another example of Anglo-Brahmin colonialism) led to the neglect of the study of the living Prakrits; this colonial situation is now being remedied to a great extent.
	www.dalitstan.org /books/a_sans/a_sans5.html (2773 words)

	Yakshagana
		In Mithila there was a crop of such dramas in Sanskrit in one act, and with songs in Prakrit all through.
		The Kashmerian Sanskrit poet Damodaragupta of a very much earlier age, the ninth century, speaks in his work ‘Kuttanimata’ of a type of drama and of its actors which correspond closely to conditions available in South India.
		All modern and western drama is of the former type; all ancient Sanskrit drama and other provincial varieties of old Indian drama belong to the latter class.
	www.yakshagana.com /Research.htm (4044 words)

	A Tribute to Hinduism - Sanskrit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Considering Sanskrit's status as a spiritual language, a further implication of this discovery is that the age old dichotomy between religion and science is an entirely unjustified one.
		Sanskrit is the artificial language par excellence, patiently refined sound by sound...embracing all the levels of being physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual.
		Sanskrit is indeed a perfect language in the same sense as mathematics, but Sanskrit is also a perfect language in the sense that, like music, it has the power to uplift the heart.
	www.atributetohinduism.com /Sanskrit.htm (8191 words)

	Sanskrit
		Sanskrit was the classical standard language of ancient India, and some of the oldest surviving Indo-European documents are written in Sanskrit; however, Hittite is probably the earliest recorded Indo-European tongue with at least one text dated c.17th cent.
		Grammatically, Sanskrit has eight cases for the noun (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, instrumental, vocative, and locative), three genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), three numbers for verbs, nouns, pronouns, and adjectives (singular, dual, and plural), and three voices for the verb (active, middle, and passive).
		Sanskrit literature: The Sanskrit Period - The Sanskrit Period Nearly all Sanskrit literature, except that dealing with grammar and...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0843527.html (510 words)

	Encyclopedia: Prakrit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Sanskrit language (संस्कृता वाक्) is one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European language family and is not only a classical language, but also an official language of India.
		Prakrit (Sanskrit prakrta: natural, usual, vulgar) refers to the broad family of the Indic languages and dialects spoken in ancient India.
		Theravada (Pali; Sanskrit: Sthaviravada) is one of the eighteen (or twenty) NikÄya schools that formed early in the history of Buddhism.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Prakrit (932 words)

	The Trinidad Guardian -Online Edition Ver 2.0
		Sanskrit is common to most of Hindu Shaastras—sacred texts and is considered the oldest surviving language.
		World-renowned thinker Joseph Campbell suggests that Sanskrit is “the great spiritual language of the world.” It is interesting that NASA has declared Sanskrit to be “the only unambiguous language on the planet.” Sanskrit is a scientific and systematic language.
		The reason is clear: because of Sanskrit’s connection with Hindu studies, Indian governments fail to honour the intrinsic value of the language and cultivate it.
	www.guardian.co.tt /archives/2004-08-11/ravi-ji.html (673 words)

	The Origin of the Hindu Drama
		The fl-skinned aborigines of the Punjab were as ignorant of Vedic song and the polished Sanskrit in which it is embedded as the rude Anglo-Saxons were of the Chanson de Roland and the refined Norman tongue.
		So keen was the interest taken in the subject that the dire misfortunes of the Pândava brothers called forth many a sob and tear, whilst their happy return to Hastinapur was hailed with exclamations of joy and sighs of relief, the cottages within earshot being illuminated.
		Indeed, minor rôles were never composed in Sanskrit; the stately tongue would have sounded ludicrous on the homely lips of the vulgar who crowd and enliven the Indian stage.
	www.theatrehistory.com /asian/horrwitz02.html (2401 words)

	Theatre of the Orient
		Indian drama was spoken in Sanskrit which was the most commonly spoken language in India.
		Sanskrit performances were usually given on special occasions such as religious festivals, marriages, coronations, or victory celebrations.
		Sanskrit drama emerged sometime between 1500 to 1000 B.C. and could not be classified as comedy, tragedy or melodrama, but was based on the concept of Rasa.
	www.cwu.edu /~robinsos/ppages/resources/Theatre_History/Theahis_9.html (484 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: Teach Yourself Sanskrit (Teach Yourself S.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sanskrit is a langauge where it isn't necessary to learn the entire alphabetic structure for writing at the outset -- Coulson recommends this as a gradual process, and I agree with this idea.
		Sanskrit to a Western student is both a learned and a dead language; to the late Sanskrit writers, it was both learned and living -- very roughly parallel to the Latin used in academic circles in the Middle Ages, a language still living in a sense, but not a natural language for anyone.
		Sanskrit has much greater fluidity and variation over its incredibly long history; Coulson introduces bits and pieces of these strands, but stays fairly close to a classical Sanskrit represented by the most common and widespread of religious texts.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0340568674/tsechendamcho-21 (884 words)

	Sanskrit literature. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sanskrit had, however, become the standard language of the court by 400
		The word Sanskrit means “perfected,” and the language was adopted as an improvement of the Vedic.
		Translations of many of the important texts of Sanskrit literature are in The Sacred Books of the East, the famous collection edited by M. Müller.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sa/Sansklit.html (968 words)

	Sanskrit drama History and criticism. - Indo-Iranian Languages and Literatures - What's Been Published
		Drama and ritual of early Hinduism / Natalia Lidova ; foreword by Kapila Vatsyayan.
		Methodology of the analysis of Sanskrit drama / by M. Christopher Byrski.
		Sanskrit drama, essays in revaluation / by Madhusudan Pati.
	www.pitbossannie.com /rps-pk-sanskrit-drama-history-and-criticism.html (191 words)

	In the Court Theatre of Ujain, 1400 years ago
		That famous Court lexicographer, who stoops slightly, is just handing the final portion of his Sanskrit Dictionary to a Buddhist friend, who has come all the way from the South of China to undertake the translation of the precious manuscript.
		The background of the stage is raised, and represents a sacred grove with Kanva's peaceful hermitage.
		Analogously, the Indian peasantry knew neither urbane literature nor the complex Sanskrit type, but town-bred (nâgara) gentlemen were familiar with the nâgari alphabet.--Sanskrit texts which are printed in Western countries dispense, more and more, with the awkward nâgari characters in favour of the simpler Latin script.
	www.theatrehistory.com /asian/horrwitz01.html (1038 words)

	Sakuntala and the Ring of Recollection - Kalidasa
		The eighty pages of essays, covering three different aspects of Kalidasa and Sanskrit drama, and the solid critical apparatus (though the actual notes are a bit thin), as well the fact that it makes the other two Kalidasa plays easily available, does make this an appealing edition.
		Sanskrit is a difficult language to translate in any case.
		Only three dramas and a few poems of his survive, but he continues to be revered as one of the greatest Sanskrit playwrights and poets.
	www.complete-review.com /reviews/sanskrit/ksakun1.htm (1542 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Teach Yourself Sanskrit Complete Course (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		I simply don't know Sanskrit well enough to give an informed opinion as to whether or not this book has given me a sturdy ability in the language; I can, however, describe the book from the position I am at, an eager beginner who's making his way slowly through the text.
		Sanskrit is a difficult language: I found it more difficult than Latin or Icelandic, and I don't think it's fair to expect an easy time of it from any book.
		I bought this book when I was just beginning to learn Sanskrit because it was the cheapest thing on the market, and because I read that it had linguistic sidenotes in it (which, being something of a linguistics geek, appealed to me).
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0844238252/tsechendamc02-20 (1407 words)

	Sanskrit Studies Links and Information
		All 1036 shlokams in Sanskrit text are presented with audio, English and Tamizh (Tamil) transliterations and Gist in English.
		A treasure for German speaking students and scholars of Sanskrit : Deutsche Seite des Sanskritweb, German Subsite of Sanskritweb built and maintained by Ulrich Stiehl.
		The banglapedia is built by contributions by various professors and professionals, mostly from Bangla Desh, and elsewhere.
	sanskritlinks.blogspot.com (5257 words)

	sanskrit drama--Priyadrsika
		Priyadarsika, one of the best plays in Sanskrit literature, is composed in four acts during 7th century A.D. by Harsha.
		He adopts the theme of love intrigue on the same line as his great predecessor had done and embellishes it further by harmonising the parts of the plot.
		The action of the drama moves smoothly and there is noticeable ingenuity.
	www.globalvisionpub.com /Priyadrsika.htm (169 words)

	Sanskrit Drama: Its Origin and Decline Online Indian Book store - Bagchee’s Best sellers Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The problems relating to birth and evolution of Sanskrit Drama have been engaging attention of scholars in East and West over 75 years.
		Shifting the emphasis from the fixed and traditional belief of Aryan Supremacy, the author seeks to spotlight the non-Aryan elements which may have contributed to the establishment of Sanskrit Drama.
		It is entirely a new yet uninhibited approach to the problem and when judged against the background of recent discoveries in the field of Indus Valley Civilization and other well-preserved South Indian traditions, it offers an interesting study by casting a flood of light on the problem.
	www.bagchee.com /BookDisplay.aspx?Bkid=B24882 (234 words)

	DIDASKALIA: Ancient Theater Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In temple drama, the fluidity, softness and grace of the female together with the strength and virility of the male produce for the beholder a living iconography of divinity as understood in its dual gender aspect.
		In this way, Draupadi, the wife of the five Pandavas, is avenged; Dussasana had dishonored her by dragging her by the hair into the assembly hall and attempting to undress her in public.
		Kutiyattam, a Sanskrit drama form which dates from the tenth century CE, is traditionally performed in the inner sanctum of the temple.
	didaskalia.open.ac.uk /issues/vol4no1/freis.html (3079 words)

	Sanskrit Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sanskrit is one of them, and much – though not all – of India's rich literary heritage is in Sanskrit.
		Sanskrit is perhaps the oldest language in the world to be recorded.
		Pali language, it is considered part of Sanskrit literature.
	www.indiaheritage.com /creative/litra/liter.htm (432 words)

	The Hindu : Thesaurus of Sanskrit drama
		Krishna Misra was the author of Prabodha Chandrodayam, an allegorical drama.
		One of the main objects of this series is to chronicle the various productions of Sanskrit plays in India and abroad from the 19th century up to the end of the last millennium.
		The records of the Kanchi Kamakoti Math show that the playwright, Krishna Misra, was a contemporary of Sri Chandrasekharendra Sarasvati, the 49th pontiff of the Peetha.
	www.hindu.com /thehindu/br/2002/07/02/stories/2002070200030300.htm (617 words)

	Asian drama -> Sanskrit Drama on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sanskrit drama is part of Sanskrit literature, the classical literature of India, which flourished from about 1500 BC to about AD 1100.
		The earliest extant critical work on Sanskrit drama is attributed to Bharata, the legendary formulator of the dramatic art in India.
		Encore International, which operates daily branded "Jiayi" block on China's state-owned CCTV 8, has aquired a slate of drama series and movies from Asian distributors, including its first-ever deal for Indian...
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Asiandra_SanskritDrama.asp (758 words)

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