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Topic: Santa Maria volcano

	Global Volcanism Program \| Volcanic Activity Reports \| SI / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		N-S-trending fractures cutting across the volcano are associated with spatter cones, cinder cones, and maars located on the middle N flank and on the lower S flank down to Lake Nicaragua.
		The basaltic-to-andesitic volcano has been active during historical time at both summit and flank vents, primarily on the NW and SE sides, producing moderate explosive eruptions and lava flows that reached the coast.
		Eruptions at Kilauea originate primarily from the summit caldera or along one of the lengthy E and SW rift zones that extend from the caldera to the sea.
	www.volcano.si.edu /reports/usgs (4318 words)

	Santa Maria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Santa Maria, a parish in the district of Estremoz
		Santa Maria, a parish in the district of Lagos
		Santa Maria, a parish in the district of Óbidos
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Santa_Maria (473 words)

	ipedia.com: Santa Maria Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Santa Maria is a place in the State of California in the United States of America: see Santa Maria, California.
		Santa Maria (volcano) is a volcano in Guatemala.
		Santa Maria is a city in the State of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil.
	www.ipedia.com /santa_maria.html (208 words)

	Santa Maria Resort. Turismo ecologico en Santa Maria del Oro
		Santa Maria del Oro Lagoon is located on the west end of the Transmexican Volcanic Strip, a mountain formation that goes across the country.
		Santa Maria del Oro town, at 6 miles away (paved but twisty road) is the closes town with some more services (stores, doctors, pharmacy and a small market).
		Santa Maria town is quite interesting itself and has one of the oldest Churches in what used to be the "Nueva Galicia" territory.
	www.santamariaresort.com /lake.asp (703 words)

	Planet Diary Archive 2004 - Volcano - Guatemala Volcanoes Explode
		At Santa Maria, hot avalanches roared down the volcano while thick clouds of ash rose more than a mile into the atmosphere.
		Santa Maria's eruption in 1902 was one of the biggest explosions of the 20th century.
		The volcanoes are included in the Ring of Fire, the circle of volcanoes along subduction zones surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
	www.phschool.com /science/planetdiary/archive04/volc2022104.html (317 words)

	SummitPost.org - Santa María Climbing Information
		Santa María volcano has a smaller sister volcano joined together, volcano Santiaguito (2.510 meters).
		Santa María volcano was active a few times in the twentieth century killing thousands of people in the Quetzaltenango area due to large eruptions and earthquakes.
		At this point the volcano cone is on your right (west).
	www.summitpost.org /show/mountain_link.pl/mountain_id/2731 (431 words)

	Santa Maria: A Remote Sensing Perspective
		The basic description of the topography of a volcano is one of the most important parts of volcanic hazard evaluations, because most volcanic hazards are controlled by gravity and topography where volcanoes are topographic highs which threaten their lower lying surroundings through gravitational potential energy.
		Santa María is in a highland tropical winter dry season climate regime, and is characterized by frequent fog.
		Santa María is representative of many convergent plate boundary volcanoes that are erupting magmas of andesite or dacite such as Mount St. Helens, Merapi, Pinatubo, Unzen, Colima, Nevado del Ruiz and hundreds of others, especially along the Pacific rim.
	www.geo.mtu.edu /volcanoes/santamaria/sanmar-remote (6338 words)

	Santa Maria and Santiaguito, Guatemala
		Santa Maria, the 1902 crater, and Santiaguito (foreground).
		Santa Maria is a stratovolcano made of basaltic andesite.
		From 1903 to 1913 the volcano was active in the crater of the 1902 eruption.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/south_america/guat/santa_maria.html (1488 words)

	EOS Volcanology Slide Captions: Set #3b
		Santa María volcano, Guatemala, will be the focus of a series of mapping, thermal, and topographic studies to be conducted by the Geology Program and EOS Volcanology Team investigators.
		One of the objectives of the NASA studies of volcanoes will be to learn more about eruption plume growth through the analysis of the dynamics and temperature distribution of plumes from Santa María volcano.
		Kilauea volcano is an ideal volcano to develop methods for the analysis of basaltic volcanoes because of the relatively predictable and safe eruptions.
	eos.higp.hawaii.edu /education/slide_set3/slides.captions.3b.html (714 words)

	Santa Maria Volcano, Guatemala - John Seach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One of the largest eruptions of the 20th century occurred at Santa Maria Volcano in 1902.
		The eruption left a 700 x 1,000 m crater in the SW flank of Santa Maria Volcano.
		Growth of a dacite dome called Santiaguito began in this crater in 1922.
	www.volcanolive.com /santamaria.html (65 words)

	Caribbean Plate Tectonics
		Volcano Popocatépetl, whose name is the Aztec word for smoking mountain, towers to 5426 m 70 km SE of Mexico City to form North America's 2nd-highest volcano.
		The generally symmetrical volcano is modified by the sharp-peaked Ventorrillo on the NW, a remnant of an earlier volcano.
		Volcano Barú is the youngest major volcano in Panama, and geothermal exploration projects have been undertaken to determine its energy potential.
	www.ig.utexas.edu /CaribPlate/forum/volcanoes/west_carib_021113.htm (1918 words)

	Earth Changes TV Gallery (Volcanos Earth Quakes Disasters Solar Rain) :: Volcanos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Santa María volcano, the most active in Guatemala, has a sharp-topped, conical profile that is cut on the SW flank by a large, 1-km-wide crater formed during a catastrophic eruption in 1902.
		Santa Ana, El Salvador's highest volcano, is a massive, 2381-m-high stratovolcano whose summit is truncated by a series of four nested craters, seen here from the SW.
		Beyond the caldera are the multiple peaks of Trident volcano; Mageik volcano is the snow-and-ice-covered cone on the skyline.
	earthchangestv.com /gallery/Volcanos (844 words)

	EO Natural Hazards: Santa Maria Erupts
		The Santa Maria Volcano in Guatemala experienced a small eruption on October 26, 2005.
		The Santa Maria Volcano is a stratovolcano: a symmetrical cone with steep slopes made from alternating layers of lava, ash, cinders, and other volcanic materials.
		Covered by forest, Santa Maria is part of a larger chain of volcanoes along Guatemala’s Pacific coastal plain.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /NaturalHazards/shownh.php3?img_id=13232 (179 words)

	Geotimes — April 2004 — In Harm's Way: Population and Volcanic Risk
		The Volcano Explosivity Index, or VEI, is a measure of eruption magnitude, similar to the Richter Scale for earthquakes.
		Thus a moderately explosive eruption from either of these volcanoes would have a large impact on the city of San Salvador and, because it is the capital and commercial center of El Salvador, on the entire country.
		Although the volcano does not appear to have been frequently active, it is a young system that tends to erupt explosively.
	www.geotimes.org /apr04/feature_VPI.html (2360 words)

	Near the end of the 1980’s volcanologists convened and chose a select number of volcanoes to be studied intensely ...
		Near the end of the 1980’s volcanologists convened and chose a select number of volcanoes to be studied intensely over the course of a decade, mostly in the 1990’s.
		The aim of the Decade Volcanoes project is to direct attention to a small number of selected, active volcanoes world-wide and to encourage the establishment of a range of research and public-awareness activities aimed at enhancing an understanding of the volcanoes and the hazards posed by them."
		Decade Volcanoes are a select group that have been identified as posing particular threats to populated areas.
	www.unc.edu /~leesj/CLASS/Volcano_Civ/Decade_Volcano_Project.htm (403 words)

	SWVRC-Current Eruptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The broad summit of the volcano is cut by several crescent craters, and a series of parasitic vents and cones have formed along a 20-km-long fissure system that extends from near the town of Chalchuapa NNW of the volcano to the San Marcelino and Cerro Chino cinder cones on the SE flank.
		The generally symmetrical volcano is modified by the sharp-peaked Ventorrillo on the NW, a remnant of an earlier volcano.
		The clouds of ash and gases in the area are transported to the south of the volcano.
	www.swvrc.org /cerupt.htm (8877 words)

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		Santa María's Santiaguito lava dome is in an elevated stage of activity. Explosions produced ash plumes that rose to an altitude of 5 km (16,400 ft) a.s.l.
		Santa Maria volcano is in a heightened state of activity.
		Pacaya volcano remains active producing a lava flow that travels, partly in a 0.5-1.5 m wide tube, about 500 m down the NNE flank of the summit cone.
	www.volcanodiscovery.com /index.php?id=498&L=1 (1819 words)

	Guatemala Categoris, page 2.6
		Santa Maria de Jesus in the Department of Sacatepequez.
		From the summit of the Santa Maria you can observe the active Santiaguito (2,488 m.a.s.l.) volcano, but it is not advisable to descend to it, because of toxic gases and boiling emissions.
		The range and the summits of the volcanoes are covered by luxuriant forests of the type called subtropical very wet mountain forest, in which pine, oak and other native species predominate.
	www.dirla.com /guatemala2_6.htm (2152 words)

	SSEC - Volcano Watch Satellite Images
		These satellite images show some of the world's most active volcanoes.
		Additional volcano information can be obtained from the Michigan Tech Geology Department.
		For active volcanos, refer to the Smithsonian's Global Volcanism Program.
	www.ssec.wisc.edu /data/volcano.html (83 words)

	Nancy Hoft Consulting: Communicating the Risks of Natural Hazards (a case study)
		Like all active volcanoes, Santa María and Santiaguito are good for the earth and even good for people, despite their deadly activities and influence on other natural hazards, like the flooding of El Palmar.
		The land was mostly flat and rose abruptly closer to the volcanoes in the distance.
		She had never been out of the US and learned as much about the geologic and volcanic situation near Santa Maríaas she did about the culture and social conditions of those who live near the volcano and those who live in the cities and enforce the laws of the country.
	www.world-ready.com /volcano.htm (12947 words)

	EO Natural Hazards: Santa Maria Volcano
		On January 15, 2007, the Santa Maria Volcano in Guatemala released a faint plume.
		At the volcano’s summit is a hotspot outlined in red, where MODIS detected unusually warm surface temperatures.
		Santa Maria is a 3,772-meter (12,375-foot)-tall stratovolcano consisting of alternating layers of hardened ash, lava, and rock.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /NaturalHazards/shownh.php3?img_id=14079 (152 words)

	Tags - Volcano - Instablogs Community
		At: 13°15′24″N, 123°41′6″E, Albay, Philippines Elevation: 2,463 metres Type: Stratovolcano(Active) It is an active volcano in the Philippines on the island of Luzon, in the province of Albay in the Bicol Region.
		Santa Maria is a large active volcano in the Western Highlands...
		It is the Montagu Island, an erupting volcano in the South Sandwich...
	www.instablogs.com /tags/volcano (961 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Santa MarÃa \| Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Symmetrical, forest-covered Santa MarÃa volcano is one of the most prominent of a chain of large stratovolcanoes that rises dramatically above the Pacific coastal plain of Guatemala.
		The 3772-m-high stratovolcano has a sharp-topped, conical profile that is cut on the SW flank by a large, 1.5-km-wide crater.
		The oval-shaped crater extends from just below the summit of VolcÃ¡n Santa MarÃa to the lower flank and was formed during a catastrophic eruption in 1902.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1402-03= (197 words)

	[No title]
		The volcano is located where the two bordering faults of the Guatemala City Valley grabben intersect, All that remains of the original cone of Pacaya is a fault scarp, marked today by hot springs around the village of San Francisco and Laguna des Calderas.
		The thermal pattern of the Caliente dome was mapped on the early morning of 20 December, 1969 (Plate 19) from a station on the summit of Santa Maria.
		This is a reversal of the patterns observed at Izalco, San Miguel, and Pacaya Volcanoes and is in consistent with the adiabatic cooling of the atmosphere with altitude.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~volcano/BiThesis.html (13951 words)

	The educational encyclopedia, all the volcanoes of the world
		Fuji Volcano Fuji Volcano is the highest in Japan, rising 3776 m above sea level in the form of a typical cone about 50 km across the base,...
		Mount Pinatubo Mount Pinatubo, a volcano in the Philippines, erupted explosively in June of 1991, it produced one of the most convulsive volcanic eruptions of the twentieth century.
		Usu and Toya, Hokkaido, Japan Usu is a stratovolcano with lava domes at its summit and on its flanks.
	www.educypedia.be /education/volcanolist.htm (528 words)

	Volcano Tours in Guatemala
		Hiking time is about 5 hours from Santa Maria de Jesus, or 2 hours from the end of road that climbs partway to the top.
		The tallest of the three volcanoes dominating the lake, Atitlan's summit takes about 8 hours to reach; the reward is a breathtaking view of the world's most beautiful lake and Guatemala's Pacific coast.
		This is the tallest volcano in Central America, but the hike to the top, which begins at a high altitude, is relatively easy.
	www.mayalandia.com /activities/volcanoes.php (642 words)

	Santa Maria - Wikitravel
		Santa Maria (California), in Santa Barbara County, on the Central Coast of Southern California.
		Santa Maria* (island), an island in the Azores.
		Volcán Santa Maria, a volcano near Quetzaltenango in Guatemala.
	wikitravel.org /en/Santa_Maria (123 words)

	Archived Volcano Eruption News (April 2003)
		A thick grey-brown plume was emitted on the eastern side of the volcano.
		Seismic activity at the volcano is low, indicating that this is not the start of an eruption.
		Nocturnal incandescence is registered at the volcano summit, corresponding to degassing at the rate of 10 to 20 per day.
	www.volcanolive.com /news52.html (1764 words)

	Rincon de la Vieja national park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		There are several other peaks in the same volcanic massif, of which the Santa Maria Volcano is the highest (1916m).
		Major volcanic activity occurred in the late 1960s, currently the Rincon de la Vieja Volcano is gently active and does not present any danger.
		Visitors pass through a variety of different habitats as the volcanoes are ascended.
	www.costaricadiscovery.com /info/rincon_de_la_vieja_national_park.htm (240 words)

	CVO Menu - Guatemala Volcanoes and Volcanics
		Most active volcanoes in the Mexico/Central American Region occur in belts produced by subduction of Pacific oceanic crust beneath the southern edge of the North American Plate and the western edge of the Caribbean Plate.
		Though the volcano has not been active in historical time, or about the last 500 years, it has the potential to produce debris flows (watery flows of mud, rock,and debris -- also known as lahars when they occur on a volcano) that could inundate these nearby populated areas.
		Pacaya is a complex volcano constructed on the southern rim of the 14 x 16 kilometers Pleistocene Amatitlan caldera.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/Guatemala/description_guatemala_volcanoes.html (2602 words)

	Why do people live ON volcanoes?
		Santiaguito is a small volcano that has grown out of the southwest flank of Santa María.
		In Guatemala, agriculture is the occupation of 58 percent of the labor force.
		The south side of Santa María, for example, is home to many plantations that produce coffee, cardamom, rubber, and sugar cane for example.
	www.vulkaner.no /v/volcan/stmariacase.html (1418 words)

	Santiaguito Lava Dome
		This is Santiaguito lava dome as viewed from the summit of Santa Maria volcano.
		This is a view from the southeast that allows you to see both Santa Maria volcano (right) and Santiaguito dome (left).
		You can see how the southern side of Santa Maria was partially collapsed and scoured away by the big 1902 eruption, and it continues to erode away today because this is an area of very heavy rainfall.
	www.volcanoworld.org /vwdocs/vwlessons/volcano_types/strato2a.htm (156 words)

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