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Topic: Santali language

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Munda languages

Santhali

Ho language

Magahi language

Bhojpuri language

List of national languages of India

Ket language

Kashmiri language

Santali alphabet

Maithili language

Manipuri language

Southern Dravidian languages

Santhals

Assamese language

Dravidian languages

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	Ol Chiki Script
		Santali is a language with its own special characteristics, and has a literature which dates back to the beginning of the 15th century.
		In Santali language, all vowels may be short or longs and it is Rela that is used to lengthen the pronunciation of vowels.
		The great novelties and usages in Santali language are as a result of the natural derivation of the forms for words, where, sounds generating out of actions or movements from animated or unanimated objects or sounds associated with living being and their corresponding words, are robustly approximated.
	wesanthals.tripod.com /id45.html (3706 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Tribal Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The alphabets of the Chakma language are similar to the alphabets of Thailand's Ksmer, Annam Laos, Cambodia, Syam and South Burma.
		Garo language the Garo language is, undoubtedly, an unwritten language, albeit an ancient Aryan language.
		Santali language is a member of the eastern group of the Austro-Asiatic languages.
	banglapedia.org /HT/T_0222.HTM (3333 words)

	Santals
		Santali literally means 'the language of the Santals.' 'Santal' is the name applied by foreigners to the tribe which has given its name to the Sonthal Parganas.
		Santali is spoken over a strip of country extending for about 300 miles from the Ganges in the north to the Baitarani in the south.
		Minor Munda dialects are found side by side with Santali, and Aryan tribes have, generally speaking, occupied the plains, just as the Santals themselves have formerly ousted the Malto tribe from the lowlands and valleys and have confined them to the higher lands and the hills.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /bguizzi/bangladesh/adibasi/santalang.htm (1428 words)

	Memorandum on inclusion of Santali in 8th Schedule
		Santali is the lingua franca in the region of Santal concentration.
		to hold on the consideration for inclusion of the Santali in the 8th Schedule of the constitution is difficult to comprehend.
		Santali language qualifies to be included in the 8th Schedule of the constitution by applying any conceivable yardstick used so far for the purpose and, therefore, non-inclusion of Santali in the 8th Schedule is totally inconformity with the provisions of the Constitution;
	www.allindiaaseca.org /memo97.html (1436 words)

	C I I L
		There were inter tribal language assimilation's and borrowing as well as borrowing to and from the language of the mainstream, i.e., Oriya, Telugu, Hindi and Bengali, depending upon the area it was spoken.
		The three languages formula (TLF) was originally proposed by Central Advisory Board of Education in 1957, accepted by the conference of Chief Ministers in 1961, modified by the Education Commission headed by Kothari in 1966, voted by the Parliament and incorporated into National Policy in education in 1968.
		Language maintenance is promoted or at least protected by the language policy in administration and in education (Annamalai, 2001).
	www.ciil.org /Main/Announcement/MBE_Programme/paper/paper6.htm (2329 words)

	Gli Aowe
		The Garo language is, undoubtedly, an unwritten language, albeit an ancient Aryan language.
		Some words in both languages are the same in pronunciation and meaning, for example, adya, madhya, upadhi and apatti etc. Some common words, however, differ in pronunciation and meaning.
		Santals colti scrivono Santali in Bangla e inglese, ma generalmente preferiscono scrivere in Bangla a causa delle somiglianze fonetiche.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /bguizzi/bangladesh/adibasi/linguetrib.htm (6394 words)

	List of Publications on Language Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, the language list of the 1971 census which provides the frame of reference for the present study, was found to be more suitable, for it was the latest as far as language statistics was concerned but more importantly it defined ‘language” in terms of broad demo- and geolinguistic units.
		Excluding foreign languages and a few others of doubtful linguistic status, a total number of 96 languages were surveyed, of which 50 were found to be written and the rest unwritten.
		For the survey fieldwork based on the questionnaire, languages were allotted to territories on the basis of the numerical strength of the mother tongue speakers.
	www.censusindia.net /cendat/language/publications.html (1766 words)

	LINGUIST List 13.797: Austro-Asiatic Languages: Santali
		Santali LUKAS NEUKOM Universitat Zurich Santali belongs to the North-Munda branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family.
		It is the largest Munda language, spoken by 5.8 million people, who live scattered over the Indian states of Bihar, West-Bengal and Orissa.
		Santali is known to have a weak distinction between nouns and verbs, many stems are used both in argument and predicate function.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/13/13-797.html (324 words)

	Language tags in IPP (was: Re: [Suppress-Script] Initial list of 300 languages)
		It also seems to have some interrelationship with the character set of the print job, which seems wrong to me; figuring out which character repertoires are necessary for which natural languages is a decidedly non-trivial effort (ask Michael, who has done this work for the European languages).
		This strongly suggests to me that when we are considering adding Suppress-Script values for up to 300 languages, we should focus primarily on those languages that are most likely to be used with a region subtag, and spend much less time worrying about the rest.
		It would be more productive to focus our attention on a language like Santali, which is spoken in multiple regions, and for which a "default" script assignment is not obvious.
	www.alvestrand.no /pipermail/ietf-languages/2006-March/004206.html (540 words)

	List of national languages of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These languages are entitled to representation on the Official Language Commission, and a candidate in an examination conducted for national government service may opt to take the exam in any of these languages.
		English is the subsidiary official language and the language to be used while communicating with the states having official languages other than Hindi.
		Mahl â” language of the island of Minicoy in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep.
	www.anime.co.za /wiki/List_of_national_languages_of_India (1166 words)

	Dictionary & Grammar
		The Santali language has been is in use over thousands of years mainly in oral communication, but still it retains its original form.
		The full power of Santali language can be utilized only when the meanings of all its words corresponding to different parts of speech are fully compiled.
		It is also essential to characterize the forms, structures, syntax, and semantics of sentences in Santali language.
	wesanthals.tripod.com /id54.html (273 words)

	Sango language resources
		Originally used by river traders, it is a vehicular language, based on the language of the Sango tribe, belonging to the Ngbandi language cluster (including Ngbandi and Yakoma), with many French words.
		Secondly, its new position as the everyday language of the capital city has led to Sango gaining greater status and being used increasingly in fields where it was previously the norm to use French.
		Being a vehicular language, Sango is considered unusually easy to learn; according to Samarin, "with application a student ought to be able to speak the language in about three months." However, to reach true fluency takes much longer, as with any language.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Sango.html (1819 words)

	::: Star Weekend Magazine ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He fears that the "inherent weakness," which is "being small in number and having languages that are mostly without written forms" portend a bleak future for the Adivasis.
		Loss of language means the loss of heritage and culture," says Gain who believes that whatever effort has been made the Adivasis must be supported by the government and the Bangla speaking populace.
		In a more globalised world most languages are bound to fall prey to the languages of economic giants.
	www.thedailystar.net /magazine/2006/02/03/cover.htm (3112 words)

	Santali alphabet, pronunciation and language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Santali alphabet, which is also known as Ol Cemet', Ol Ciki or simply Ol, was created in the 1920s by Pandit Raghunath Murmu as part of his efforts to promote Santali culture.
		Until the invention of this alphabet, Santali was either not written at all, or was written with the Bengali or Oriya alphabets.
		Santali is also written with the Oriya, Bengali, Devanagari and Latin alphabets.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/santali.htm (197 words)

	[No title]
		The scrips are all of the same basic type, though with considerable variations.]]} {north-indic, definition, [[The north indic scripts are the scripts derived from the northern branch of Ashokan brahmi.
		The language written is the local dialect, but the script is an ideographic script.
		The language(s) is not Indo-European, and is not understood.]]} {north-iberian, description, [[This script seems to have been derived from the South Iberian script, although this is not known for certain.
	www.ontopia.net /omnigator/docs/i18n.ltm (931 words)

	The Telegraph - Calcutta : Northeast
		The Santal language was included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution in 2003.
		On whether the language had evolved over the years, Majhi said Santali had been ?affected more or less by all the languages with which it has come into contact, like Bihari and Bengali?.
		However, it is the publication of his Santali dictionary that the multi-faceted politician is most excited about.
	www.telegraphindia.com /1051214/asp/northeast/story_5596123.asp (468 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.1247: Maori language, Austro-Asiatic languages
		LINCOM EUROPA, Austro-Asiatic languages: Santali by Lukas Neukom
		Maori RAY HARLOW University of Waikato Maori, a member of the Eastern Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family, is the indigenous language of New Zealand.
		Santali LUKAS NEUKOM Universitï¿½t Zï¿½rich Santali belongs to the North-Munda branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/12/12-1247.html (544 words)

	[No title]
		Their language, Santali, belongs to the Munda (or Mundari) branch of the Austro-Asiatic language family.
		Moreover, this mutual intelligibility is said to be a basis of their social cohesion, which has been maintained despite the fact that the Santals as a whole have never been politically unified.
		The main dialectical distinction is between Northern Santali, which is spoken by the great majority of Santals, and Southern Santali.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7866 (955 words)

	Rachel Santali's Journal
		Her father, Roberto Santali, was an actor for a number of years, but now he's the owner of a number of resorts all over the world.
		Rachel Destiny Santali was born while her parents were on vacation in Exaporã, Brazil.
		At the time, her mother didn't know that her daughter would decide to come two weeks early, but the doctors did tell her that she was supposed to take it easy for the last month of her pregnancy or so.
	santali.greatestjournal.com (388 words)

	Santals seek recognition for Ol-Chiki script (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Santali 'language', they argued, are spoken by more people than Kashmiri or Sindhi languages.
		Chairman of AISC Baburam Hansda said, while both the Santali language and the script have been recognised by the West Bengal Government, Bihar has recognised the language only.
		Santali scholars feel that the language may suffer phonetic deformity and advise the use of Ol-Chiki to prevent distortions.
	www.ambedkar.org /News/Santalrecognition.htm (347 words)

	AISWACS.ORG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Incorporation of Santali language in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution (through 100th Constitutional amendment) is an outcome of intense political lobbying at the national level.
		The Santali Bhasa Morcha was responsible for the Santali language movement; and AISWACS played a key pivotal role in this movement.
		An indepth study on the role of Santali Language for socio cultural and economic development of the adivasis of Jharkhand and adjoining areas.
	www.aiswacs.org /aiswacs/activities.htm (1620 words)

	Languages of India Encyclopedia Article @ Deemed.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Groups of people living in India, Nepal, Tibet and China speak these languages and have a variety of religious affiliations, including Islam, Buddhism...
		The main article for this category is Languages of India.
		There are 19 subcategories to this category shown below (more may be shown on subsequent pages).
	www.deemed.net /encyclopedia/Category:Languages_of_India (249 words)

	Tribes of Mayurbhanj, Tribal Languages, Festival & Culture
		The Sub-Castes of this community do not have their own language, so they generally speak sub-language Oriya and it is named as northern sub-language.
		Raghunath Murmu, a resident of 'Dandabas' near Rairangpur of this district is said to be the father of 'Alchiki' Script.
		Santali language, literature and script are widely acclaimed in West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Assam.
	mayurbhanj.nic.in /tribe.htm (1526 words)

	[No title]
		However, a synchronic study of Parengi, a South Munda language, suggests a simpler and more satisfying solution in which glottalization is a vocalic feature, or even a prosodic feature of two syllables.
		A few Santali words are compared to words of the Mon or Annamite group to show that the former borrowed from the latter.
		The language, said to be ``chiefly Malay, with some words borrowed from Europeans, and other strangers'', is illustrated by 143 Nancowry words, including numerals (157-160).
	www.ling.hawaii.edu /faculty/stampe/AA/AA-BIB/munda.union (16957 words)

	SANTALI: Nepal language
		See what people groups speak this language from the Joshua Project.
		See also the alphabetical language list and full country list.
		Another reference on countries, languages and people groups is Peoplegroups.org.
	globalrecordings.net /language/4944 (134 words)

	Santali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is an aboriginal language in North India.
		In reaction to this situation, a new script called Ol Chiki been recently devised, and is being taught in schools in various parts of India where Santali is spoken.
		There are nearly 6,000,000 total speakers of Santali.
	www.flw.com /languages/santali.htm (73 words)

	Blacksmith and language of the civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The language of the civilization is bha_s.a_ (or Hemacandra des'i_), meluhhan substrate, like Nahali, with borrowings from many language streams, thus constituting a linguistic area, ca.
		The neolithic precursor of the civilization has recently been discovered in two sunken rivers in the Gulf of Khambat close to the Nahali-speaking valley -- Narmada river valley.
		The structure and semantics of the language will be unravelled further, now that the rebus principle for decoding the glyphs has been validated for a large number of inscribed objects.
	www.hindunet.org /saraswati/blacksmith/blacksmith1.htm (989 words)

	Santali fonts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Omniglot's page on Santali: "The Santali alphabet, which is also known as Ol Cemet, Ol Ciki or simply Ol, was created in the 1920s by Pandit Raghunath Murmu as part of his efforts to promote Santali culture.
		Designer of the Santali typeface ol-ciki-purno (2002), which can be downloaded here.
		Designer of the Santali typeface ol-ciki-raj (2002), which can be downloaded here.
	cg.scs.carleton.ca /~luc/santali.html (167 words)

	Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church
		Headquarters of the Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church are in Dumka, a growing educational center northeast of Calcutta.
		Theological training is provided by the Santal Theological Seminary, the only theological school in India in the Santali language.
		Theological education by extension (TEE) is being developed to provide training for local leaders in teaching, pastoral and sacramental ministry as well as offering continuing education to pastors.
	www.elca.org /countrypackets/india/nelc.html (598 words)

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