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Topic: Santer Commission

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	Santer Commission Resignation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Santer Commission Resignation refers to the resignation of the Santer Commission from the European Commission.
		The Santer Commission, led by Jacques Santer took office in 1995.
		He was re-appointed to the Commission under the subsequent president, Romano Prodi in 1999.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/s/sa/santer_commission_resignation.html (89 words)

	Seanad Debates - Official Report 26-11-97
		The Commission is expected to table detailed proposals in the first quarter of 1998 in the light of the outcome of the European Council.
		In general terms it is proposed by the Commission to cut the support price of beef by 30 per cent, to increase the various beef premiums including the introduction of a new beef premium for the dairy herd and to have a reduced role for intervention.
		Having examined the Santer proposals and witnessed what has happened to agriculture and to rural Ireland for the last 25 years, I believe it is time we had a new debate on a land policy with structures which would maintain what the Minister referred to in his speech.
	www.irlgov.ie /debates-97/s26nov97/sect3.htm (13698 words)

	Resignation of the Santer Commission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1999, the Santer Commission resigned from their posts at the head of the European Commission.
		Because she refused to step back alone, alleging that all commissioners were involved in the same kind of Nepotism which she committed, the entire Commission resigned.
		Neil Kinnock was a commissioner in the Santer Commission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Santer_Commission_Resignation (236 words)

	Jacques Santer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jacques Santer (born May 18, 1937) is a politician from Luxembourg.
		Santer became head of the European Commission in 1995 as a compromise choice forced by the United Kingdom.
		From 1999 until 2004, Santer was a member of the European Parliament.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jacques_Santer (131 words)

	Santer Commission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Santer Commission was the European Commission that held office from 1995 until 15 March 1999.
		The Santer Commission did not serve its full five year term, but was forced to resign early over allegations of corruption.
		It was the successor to the Delors Commission and was succeeded by the Prodi Commission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Santer_Commission (154 words)

	European Commission: Information From Answers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The entire commission resigned in 1999 amid accusations of financial mismanagement, corruption, fraud, and nepotism, and a new set of commissioners, with Romano Prodi of Italy as president, was appointed later the same year.
		The Commission also takes the role of “guardian of the treaties”, which includes taking responsibility for initiating infringement proceedings at the European Court of Justice against member states and others who it considers to have breached the EU treaties and other community law.
		The Commission originated in the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community, which was established in 1952 under the terms of the Treaty Establishing the European Coal and Steel Community.
	www.answerbar.com /topic/european-commission (1433 words)

	[No title]
		The unprecedented en masse resignation of the Commission was the climax of a six month-long tug of war between Europe’s executive and the European Parliament.
		The Commission’s initiative emphasizes its capacity to be a principal in the European Union; its administrative-managerial role stresses its function as an agent.
		Commission entrepreneurship was critical in securing progress in EU social policy (Cram 1997; Falkner 1998; Leibfried and Pierson 1996), environmental policy (Bomberg 1998; Liefferink 1997; Sbragia 1996), and cohesion policy (Ansell, Parsons, and Darden 1997; Bache 1998; Hooghe 1996, 1998). Economic liberals should support administrative management for the reasons that social democrats oppose it.
	www.unc.edu /~hooghe/downloads/chapter6.doc (7594 words)

	Verba Volante, Scripta Manent
		Green sent Ray Collins, her political adviser, across town to deliver the word to Commission President Jacques Santer: the socialists, who had been supportive of the Commission, had seen a highly critical report by a Committee of Independent Experts, and were abandoning Santer and his team.
		Santer himself may return to Brussels, ironically as a member of the European Parliament (elections to which will be held in June), whose growing outrage in the face of Commission stonewalling sealed his fate.
		The Commission invalidated the entire exam, which had been staged at 38 centers at a cost of $1.3 million after it emerged that the questions were leaked in advance to selected candidates.
	www.rod.dircon.co.uk /415/plank.html (1856 words)

	CNN - EU in turmoil after executive commission resigns - March 16, 1999
		Another option would be to leave the present commission in a caretaker role for a little longer, or at least until a full new commission could be appointed, which would then have a mandate for another five years.
		Santer admitted that the document had highlighted some deficiencies but underlined that the experts had given "no indication of fraudulent behavior, corruption or personal enrichment on the part of the commission."
		Santer said the report had clearly proven his innocence and that he would carry on at the helm of a caretaker commission.
	edition.cnn.com /WORLD/europe/9903/16/eu.commission.01 (573 words)

	EIoP: Text 2002-014: Full Text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The trigger for the dispute between the European Parliament and the European Commission was the discharge from the implementation of the budget in 1996, which eventually led to the Commission's resignation.
		The election of the Commission members and the President as well as the division of tasks, policy areas and fundamental budgetary questions are part of tough political bargaining between the member states and within the member states.
		According to this principle, the Commission's decisions are supposed to be reached jointly and to be externally represented and justified in unison.
	www.wu-wien.ac.at /eiop/texte/2002-014.htm (6359 words)

	Commissioning reform by Ben Hall
		Of course it is unfair to blame the Commission for all the Union's failings, but undoubtedly its legitimacy, or lack of it, determines that of the EU as a whole.
		The Commission's role in economic policy co-ordination could be enhanced by the appointment of a chief economist to stimulate a more open debate on the various national policies.
		More Commission officials should be seconded to national administrations (other than in their own country) given that in many policy areas they will have to work more closely with the member-states.
	www.cer.org.uk /articles/n_8_1.html (723 words)

	The European Union in 1999: Finances, Institutions, and War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Santer reportedly pleaded with Cresson to resign, and tried to convince both the French President and Prime Minister, Jacques Chirac and Lionel Jospin, to urge to her to do the same, but was rebuffed by all three.
		Santer was combative and petulant, insisting that the Experts' report was "wholly unjustified in tone." Santer's defiance was clearly ill-judged but his fate appeared to have been sealed by a random interpretation gaffe.
		The Commission, at least a qualified majority of the Council and a majority (or absolute majority) of the EP must all agree for legislation to be introduced and successfully passed under cooperation and co-decision I and II.
	www.eustudies.org /eu1999forum.htm (7288 words)

	Mass resignation by European Commission - Path cleared for reform of European Union
		Responding publicly to the report on Tuesday, Santer stated that he was shocked by its conclusions and that its tone was "unbalanced".
		The Commission rejected all criticisms, and this forced a no-confidence motion to be debated.
		The growth in hostility to the Commission amongst the Social Democrats is indicated by the comments of Pauline Green, leader of their group in the European Parliament.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/mar1999/ec-m17.shtml (1008 words)

	Dáil Debates Official Report - 24-03-99
		At the heart of the Commission's decision was its own mismanagement of the allegations made against it by EU officials and an inherent flaw in the existing EU treaties which render the Parliament incapable of bringing a motion of censure against individual Commissioners.
		The Santer Commission, ironically, is the first Commission which set out, under the President's direction, to modernise its own administration, in particular by improving organisation, personnel management and financial control and by introducing greater transparency in keeping with the letter and spirit of the Amsterdam Treaty.
		The weak Presidency of the outgoing Commission was largely as a result of efforts of larger countries like the UK, especially under the leadership of the then Tory Government, which saw the former strong and decisive Commission under Jacques Delors as a threat or a rival to the power of the Council of Ministers.
	www.irlgov.ie /debates-99/24mar99/sect11.htm (12679 words)

	Phillip Whitehead article on BSE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In effect Santer carried the can for the actions and inaction of his predecessors in the Delors Commission, which mixed explosively with the accusation of negligence against his own team.
		The evidence was clear that the Commission had no early warning system, no effective way of making member States act together, and no inclination to challenge the view that what mattered was the avoidance of consumer panic and therefore the protection of the market.
		Santer and his colleagues were able to see off one vote of no confidence, but resigned ahead of a second one after further and more embarrassing revelations.
	www.labmeps-emids.fsnet.co.uk /nobse.htm (1670 words)

	Statement of M. SANTER, President of the European Commission. Second Summit of Heads of State and Government of the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Statement of M. SANTER, President of the European Commission.
		The European Commission fully backs these texts and will ensure that they are implemented in the fields for which it is responsible.
		The European Commission is particularly alive to the political and financial need to prevent duplication.
	cm.coe.int /sessions/97summit2/santer.htm (658 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- A Euromassacre -- Mar. 29, 1999
		Because Santer took no interest in the Security Service, the report found "a 'state within a state' was allowed to develop." Beyond that case, the report paints a devastating picture of a Commission that had lost control of its administration--a situation that starkly highlights Santer's weakness.
		When the Commission set about the noble task of funneling humanitarian aid to the war zones of Bosnia and Africa in 1993, for instance, it apportioned some $2.6 million by way of four contracts that were, as the report states, "entirely fictitious." At least $700,000 of that money is still unaccounted for.
		The lack of a functioning Commission in itself won't slow the enlargement process, argues Michael Emerson of the Centre for European Policy Studies, since "the machinery is in place and there are no political decisions to be taken." In fact, he says, the crisis could even accelerate reforms.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,1107990329-22845,00.html (1991 words)

	European Union: Europe´s First Government Crisis
		Santer, a former prime minister of Luxembourg, fell over allegations of fraud and mismanagement against some of his commissioners, accusations which were confirmed by the report of an independent commission engaged by the European Parliament.
		To resolve the crisis of the European executive, a decision of the European Council, the assembly of the prime ministers of the partner states, was necessary.
		Santer and his colleagues stumbled on for several months, trying to reach at least the regular end of their mandate with the European elections in June.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/european_politics/18683 (520 words)

	BBC News \| Europe \| Santer calls for EU reform
		Mr Santer hopes to become a member of the European Parliament after elections in June but in the meantime, he still has to account to it for his actions as president of the European Commission.
		The crisis was created by the unprecedented resignation of the commission in the wake of a damning corruption report into fraud and mismanagement.
		Mr Santer told MEPs he had been dismayed by the experts' report, but said he hoped the crisis would prove to be a catalyst for deep and lasting reform of Europe's institutions.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/world/europe/301319.stm (333 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		That followed the resignation of the previous commission under Jacques Santer, which was beset by allegations of cronyism and mismanagement.
		It was the European Parliament that forced Santer and his team to go, and in doing so, the democratic arm of the EU for the first time asserted its power to dismiss the commission.
		All member governments have always said that the commission and the college is not the 'government for Europe,' and the member states have been really keen to downplay the authority the commission has because they don't want it to infringe too much on their own powers," Crum said.
	www.rferl.org /features/2003/09/25092003153346.asp (759 words)

	BBC News \| Europe \| Jacques Santer: A message of defiance
		I note that on the basis of a tiny number of cases of fraud and malfunctioning, which did indeed merit criticism, the committee's report paints a picture of total absence of responsibility on the part of the institution and its officials.
		I do not accept that four years of work, during which this commission has achieved its full policy programme, can be reduced to six cases of irregularities, four of which date back to before 1995.
		The commission's decision yesterday was a political act.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/europe/newsid_297000/297675.stm (375 words)

	Santer, Jacques. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		A lawyer and economist, he entered politics as a member of the Christian Social party in 1965 and later held several ministerial posts, notably finance minister (1979–84).
		Santer became Luxembourg’s prime minister in 1984 and served until 1995, when he became president of the European Commission, the European Union’s executive body.
		He and the rest of the commissioners resigned in 1999 as a result of financial scandals involving the European Commission.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sa/Santer.html (141 words)

	Santer, Jacques on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Andre Azoulay (counsellor to Hassan II, Morocco) with Jacques Santer (President, European commission).
		Edith Cresson en 1999 Cinq ans après la démission retentissante de la Commission européenne dirigée par Jacques Santer, l'.
		Jacques Santer (President of the European Commission) in center.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/S/Santer.asp (438 words)

	Letters - Europe
		The Commission's position towards the self proclaimed "TRNC" has been determined by UN resolutions 365 (1974), 367 (1975) and more specifically 541 (1983) where the UN called on the international community to recognise solely the Republic of Cyprus.
		The Commission has also expressed the opinion that the perspective of accession for Cyprus which should benefit both communities on the island can provide both the opportunity and the impetus, in the period prior to accession, to reinforce international efforts to seek a political settlement.
		As an exponent of the EU's concern in the Cypriot question the Italian Presidency appointed Ambassador Di Roberto as its representative in Cyprus, being succeeded by Ambassador Heaslip in July 1996 as the representative of the new Irish Presidency for Cyprus.
	members.aol.com /ccceditor/CCC01213.HTM (2835 words)

	ARCHIVE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION - "The Santer Commission resignation crisis: Government-opposition dynamics in ...
		Binge, Nils F. (2003) "The Santer Commission resignation crisis: Government-opposition dynamics in executive-legislative relations of the EU".
		The paper argues that the crisis leading to the resignation of the Santer Commission in March 1999 was the result of an unprecedented intensification of party competition in the EP, based on a government-opposition dynamic that was also observable at an inter-institutional level.
		The paper is based on fifty-two interviews, primarily with Members of the European Parliament, EP officials, and Commission officials.
	aei.pitt.edu /archive/00002919 (331 words)

	News Article
		Mr van Buitenen, who was elected in last June's European Parliament elections, has criticised the European Commission for its lack of reform after the fall of the previous Santer Commission in 1999.
		As European Commission assistant auditor, Mr van Buitenen became famous in 1998 for blowing the whistle on fraud and mismanagement inside the EU institutions, which ultimately led to the fall of the Santer Commission in the spring of 1999.
		Mr van Buitenen warned that if the Commission does not pursue this matter further more details of the case will be exposed and the Commission "will be ripped apart [over] the way it dealt with this file".
	nff.moodia.com /newsarchives/display.aspx?n=90 (646 words)

	Statewatch News online: Article by European Ombudsman in Wall Street Journal
		Last year when the Santer Commission was forced to resign - en masse and in disgrace - the air was thick with calls for less secrecy, less influence-peddling, more transparency, more accountability, a service-minded mentality among EU civil servants, and so forth.
		Should the Parliament and Council adopt the Commission's proposal, there probably won't be a document in the EU's possession that couldn't legally be withheld from public scrutiny.
		In fact, the current draft does mention registers, but does not oblige the Commission to maintain a public register of all incoming and outgoing documents, without which it's impossible to know just what the Commission is actually up to.
	www.statewatch.org /SodermanWSJ.htm (947 words)

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