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Topic: Santiago Ramon y Cajal

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	madri+d. Scientific Culture: Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		At this time, Ramón y Cajal was one of the most famous members of the scientific world and had received a large number of international distinctions and awards.
		From 1905 to 1907, Ramón y Cajal focused on the analysis of the regeneration and degeneration of the nerves, and the central nervous paths.
		Santiago Ramón y Cajal is one of the great figures of international medicine, a reference point for many contemporary researchers.
	www.madrimasd.org /ingles/culture/characters/santiago (774 words)

	Cajal
		Cajal observed that neuroblasts are polarized in the sense that the site of the outgrowth of dendrites is opposite to that of the axons, and he established the general rule that dendrites differentiate later than the axon.
		Ramon y Cajal fought all his life battles on two fronts: for contiguity and against continuity in the structure of the nervous system; and for protoplasmic outgrowth, against cell chains and plasmodesms, in the origin of the nerve fiber.
		Cajal encountered here again the unsettled controversy between those who, beginning with Waller and Ranvier, postulated that the regenerated nerve is an outgrowth from the proximal stump, and the adherents of the Schwann cell chain and plastnodesm theories who brought forth the same arguments as in nerve fiber origin in the embryo.
	zygote.swarthmore.edu /axon1a.html (6176 words)

	Biography: Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Nobel Laureate (Medicine, 1906) Santiago Ramón y Cajal was born on March 1, 1852, at Petilla in Aragon, Spain.
		Cajal's studies on the structure of the cortex of the brain have been partly grouped together and translated into German by J. Bresler, 1900-1901.
		Cajal is also the author of Reglas y Consejos sobre Investigacion Cientifica (Rules and advices on scientific investigation), which appeared in six Spanish editions and was translated into German (1933).
	www.geocities.com /thalaric1/history/biocajal.html (503 words)

	ramon.y.cajal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Santiago Ramón y Cajal was born in May 1852 in the village of Petilla, in the region of Aragon in northeast Spain.
		Cajal was a rebellious teenager, and his father apprenticed him for a while to a shoemaker and to a barber.
		Cajal's opus provided the foundation of modern neuroanatomy, with a detailed description of nerve cell organization in the central and peripheral nervous system of many different animal species, and was illustrated by Cajal's renowned drawings, which for decades (and even nowadays) have been reproduced in neuroscience textbooks.
	perso.easynet.fr /baillement/lettres/cajal.html (1201 words)

	BrainConnection.com - Santiago Ramon y Cajal: The Father of Neuroscience - Page 1
		Cajal was born in 1852, in Petilla, a village in northeastern Spain.
		Cajal added several levels of preparation and made other refinements as the debate over the true structure of the central nervous system was intensifying.
		Cajal delivered his speech in fractured French, but still won his case on the strength of his drawings and slides.
	www.brainconnection.com /topics/printindex.php3?main=fa/cajal (1299 words)

	Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Cajal delayed some days the publication of the second volume of Trabajos de Laboratorio (Laboratory works) to include a note about this work, which was entirely published in the third volume.
		He was appointed manager of the Cajal Institute of Madrid and scholar of several institutions, such as the Medical Royal Academy of Zaragoza and Barcelona.
		When Cajal died, it was necessary to fill his position at the Academy of Medicine, but Lafora gave his scholar’s medal back as Del Río Hortega was not appointed for the post.
	www.aragob.es /culytur/rcajal/escuela_ingBAK.htm (1450 words)

	Santiago Ramón y Cajal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Cajal established the foundation of modern neuroanatomy, providing detailed descriptions of nerve cell organization in the central and peripheral nervous system.
		In addition, Cajal defined "the law of dynamic polarization," stating that the nerve cells are polarized, receiving information on their cell bodies and dendrites and conducting information to distant locations through axons; this is a basic functional principle of neural connections.
		Cajal and Camillo Golgi shared the Nobel Prize in 1906 for their work on the nervous system.
	daphne.palomar.edu /ccarpenter/Cajal.htm (113 words)

	International Brain Research Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Cajal received numerous prizes, honorary degrees and distinctions, but undoubtedly the most important was the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine he received in 1906.
		To describe the work of Cajal is a rather difficult task, because, unlike other great scientists, he is not known for one single discovery, but rather for his many and important contributions to our knowledge of the organization of the nervous system.
		Cajal was introduced in 1887 to the Golgi method during a visit to the private laboratory of the well-known psychiatrist and neurologist Luis Simarro.
	www.ibro.org /Pub_Main_Display.asp?Main_ID=105 (1802 words)

	Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Cajal shared the Nobel Prize with Golgi in the same year, for his masterful interpretations of his preparations in which he applied the method of Golgi.
		Cajal was not introduced to a scientific career under the direction of any scientist, as then usually occured with most scientists, but rather he became a prominent neurohistologist on his own.
		The third phase of Cajal’s career began in 1903, with his discovery of the reduced silver nitrate method, and ended with his death in 1934; this period was devoted mainly to the investigation of traumatic degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system.
	www.cajal.csic.es /cajal/cajal.htm (904 words)

	D. Santiago Ramón y Cajal and the creation of your own laboratory. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Santiago Ramón y Cajal is, probably, the most important scientist in Spain's history.
		Ramón y Cajal was a man of his time and some of his opinions, especially those referred to the position of Spain and the role of women in Science, have to be considered in this perspective.
		Ramon y Cajal had a very practical mind, so he analyzed the cost of a laboratory on Botanic, Biology, Physics..., detailing the main acquisitions that should be included.
	www.neurotraces.com /views/tonicos.html (942 words)

	Young Scientists in Spain Want More Forward-Looking Action -- Pain, 2005-09-30, EUROPE -- Science's Next Wave
		Bastero-Gil is a Ramón y Cajal scientist at the Department of Theoretical and Cosmos Physics at the University of Grenada, and President of the National Association of Ramón y Cajal Researchers (Asociación Nacional de Investigadores Ramón y Cajal, or ANIRC).
		On paper the Ramón y Cajal was launched as a five-year contract whose final aim was to integrate young researchers into the Spanish system permanently, and to encourage the support of research centres.
		As an example, of the 593 Ramón y Cajal contracts that were given within CSIC institutes in the first 4 years of the programme, "405 are still ongoing, 147 have permanent positions in CSIC centres, and 41 have quit or have positions at other research institutions, the private sector, etc.," says ANIRC Secretary Mira Obrador.
	nextwave.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/2005/09/29/3 (1377 words)

	International Brain Research Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		To commemorate Cajal’s birthday on 1 May 1852, in Petilla de Aragón (a small village of Navarra in the north of Spain), several medals were coined, two of the most significant are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
		In these diverse articles, Cajal studied the organization of climbing fibers, the development of Purkinje neurons and of basket cell axons around their soma, the organization of the spinal cord and of the retina, all of which allowed to him to establish his neuronal theory.
		During his Nobel ceremony discourse, Cajal showed many examples demonstrating the two fundamental concepts necessary to understand the function of the nervous system: the neuron theory and the law of polarity of neurons (that neurons are contiguous and that nerve impulses travel from the dendrites and soma to the nerve endings).
	www.ibro.info /Pub_Main_Display.asp?Main_ID=495 (3983 words)

	McGraw-Hill \| AccessScience Image of the Week
		Cajal's studies of the microorganization of the nervous system and his brilliant interpretation of the histological preparations had a profound influence on the researchers of the era, representing the starting point of modern neuroscience.
		Cajal was introduced to the Golgi method during a visit to the private laboratory of Luis Simarro (1851-1921) in 1887, a psychiatrist and neurologist who was also an enthusiast of histology.
		Cajal is probably referring to some neuroglial cells that when stained with the Golgi method, have a morphology that resemble these invertebrates (see Fig.
	www.accessscience.com /Newsletter/CajalEssay.html (1951 words)

	Ramon Y Cajal / Vacation Stories excerpt
		Cajal began studying medicine in earnest and was licensed to practice five years later, in 1873.
		Cajal turned his attention to the nervous system only after the cholera epidemic had waned, but by 1888, he was already convinced that neurons were individual cells.
		Cajal never trusted an idea that couldn't be represented visually, and he thought that words lost their meaning once they were cut off from visual images.
	www.press.uillinois.edu /s01/excerpts/cajal.html (4014 words)

	Down 42ndStreet by Marc Eliot, ISBN 0446679933 And Advice for a Young Investigator by Santiago Ramon y. Cajal, ISBN ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Santiago Ramon y Cajal was a mythic figure in science.
		In addition to leaving a legacy of unparalleled scientific research, Cajal sought to educate the novice scientist about how science was done and how he thought it should be done.
		This recently rediscovered classic, first published in 1897, is an anecdotal guide for the perplexed new investigator as well as a refreshing resource for the old pro.Cajal was a pragmatist, aware of the pitfalls of being too idealistic--and he had a sense of humor, particularly evident in his diagnoses of various stereotypes of eccentric scientists.
	carloverr.com /down.htm (217 words)

	Santiago Ramón y Cajal - Biography
		Santiago Ramón y Cajal was born on May 1, 1852, at Petilla in Aragon, Spain.
		Apart from these works Cajal has published more than 100 articles in French and Spanish scientific periodicals, especially on the fine structure of the nervous system and especially of the brain and spinal cord, but including also that of muscles and other tissues, and various subjects in the field of general pathology.
		Cajal was summoned to London to give there, in March 1904, the Croonian Lecture of the Royal Society and to the Clark University (Worcester, Mass., U.S.A.) in 1899 to give there three lectures on the structure of the human brain and on the latest researches on this subject.
	nobelprize.org /medicine/laureates/1906/cajal-bio.html (761 words)

	Santiago Ramón y Cajal -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Santiago Ramón y Cajal -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Santiago Ramón y Cajal (May 1, 1852–October 17/18, 1934) was a famous (The Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain) Spanish (Anatomist who specializes in the microscopic study of animal tissues) histologist and father of (The scientific study of the nervous system) neuroscience.
		He was born in Petilla de Aragón, a (Click link for more info and facts about Navarre) Navarrese enclave in Aragon, Spain and attended the medical school of (An ancient city in northeastern Spain; formerly the capital of Aragon) Zaragoza, from which he graduated in 1873.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sa/santiago_ram%f3n_y_cajal.htm (418 words)

	1 Nov Nobel History
		In 1906 both Golgi and Cajal had proponents, so that it was decided to honor both and for the first time the Nobel Prize was shared between two Laureates.
		By their achievements Professors Camillo Golgi and Ramón y Cajal must be considered as the principal representatives and standard bearers of the modern science of neurology, which is proving so fertile in results.
		Santiago Ramón y Cajal was born on March 1, 1852, at Petilla in Aragon, Spain.
	www.safran-arts.com /42day/history/nobel/nob1101.html (7810 words)

	AllRefer.com - Santiago RamOn y Cajal (Medicine, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Santiago RamOn y Cajal[sAntyA´gO rAmOn´ E kAhAl´] Pronunciation Key, 1852–1934, Spanish histologist.
		He was a university professor at Valencia (1881–86), at Barcelona (1886–92), and at Madrid (1892–1922), where he founded the Cajal Institute.
		He described the terminal branchings of neurons, devised a method of staining nerve tissues, and made numerous discoveries in the structure of the nervous system.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/RamonyCa.html (196 words)

	Santiago Ramon Y Cajal Winner of the 1906 Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Santiago Ramon Y Cajal Winner of the 1906 Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Cajal's Legacy at the Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
		Santiago Ram¨®n y Cajal - Biography (submitted by Davis Brown)
	almaz.com /nobel/medicine/1906b.html (156 words)

	Spine Visualization
		Although Santiago Ramon y Cajal made the first observations of dendritic spines (1891) in brain tissue stained with methylene blue according to Ehrlich, his favorite method was the silver impregnation method based on Golgi's original technique.
		Golgi and Ramon y Cajal were jointly awarded the Nobel prize for medicine in 1906, for their contributions to understanding the cellular structure of the brain using this method.
		Ramon y Cajal S (1995) Histology of the Nervous System of Man and Vertebrates.
	synapses.bu.edu /learn/visualize/visualize.stm (377 words)

	Historical Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The beginning of this research can be traced back to a 19th century scientist by the name of Santiago Ramon y Cajal.
		Another significant discovery which Cajal made was that nerve fibers are bridged by electrical discharges.
		Santiago Ramon y Cajal's work sparked a tremendous amount of research in the neurosciences.
	student.biology.arizona.edu /honors96/group11/HISTORY.htm (354 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In 1873 Santiago took his Licentiate in Medicine at Zaragoza and served, after a competitive examination, as an army doctor, taking part in an expedition to Cuba in 1874-75, where he contracted malaria and tuberculosis.
		In 1887, Santiago was appointed Professor of Histology and Pathological Anatomy at Barcelona.
		In 1892, Santiago was appointed to the Chair of Histology and Pathological Anatomy at Madrid.
	members.fortunecity.com /jonhays/cajal.htm (1809 words)

	Ramon Santiago - Santiago 4 U
		Ramon Santiago profile from BaseballLibrary.com, the most comprehensive baseball history encyclopedia on the Internet.
		Santiago Ramon y Cajal are the first historically important scientific artifacts to be flown in space.
		Citas y frases celebres de Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
	www.drgriff.com /ramon-santiago.html (150 words)

	NASA Neurolab Web: Santiago Ramon y Cajal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934), Spanish histologist, noted for his pioneering work on the fine structure of the nervous system.
		He was born in Petilla, Aragón, and educated at the University of Saragossa; he taught at the universities of Valencia, Barcelona, and Madrid.
		He was also the first to isolate the nerve cells, called Cajal's cells, that are located near the surface of the brain.
	neurolab.jsc.nasa.gov /cajal.htm (187 words)

	Untitled
		Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934) was one of the most outstanding neuroscientists of all time.
		Then Cajal moved, until his retirement, to the University of Madrid where he was appointed to the chair of Histology and Pathological Anatomy.
		However, examination of the Cajal's preparations, housed in the Cajal Museum at the Cajal Institute, proves the exactness of his drawings (DeFelipe and Jones, 1988, 1992).
	www.psu.edu /nasa/cajal.htm (988 words)

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