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Topic: Sapa Inca

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	Inca Royalty list and short introduction.
		Manco Capac claimed to be the Son of Inti, the son of the sun, and told his sons to pass on to all generations the rules and religion given from the Inti.
		In the end of the Inca's rulership, the Chancas had grown to be a strong tribe and a treath against the Inca empire.
		The oldest son of the Inca took his old father and ran up into the mountains, and didn't want to fight, so after this battle, Pachacutec became the Inca, and his brother Urco was kicked out of the city for good in shame over his cowardness.
	www.fortunecity.com /millennium/lilac/3/inka1.htm (1401 words)

	Camelot Village: Britain's Heritage and History
		Under the Sapa Inca, many officials were responsible for the everyday running of the country.
		In the Inca empire, the old, the frail and the young were looked after by the state in a way which would not be equalled in Europe for over 400 years, but healthy young people were sacrificed to the gods.
		Inca rulers were considered to be immortal, and their bodies were mummified.
	www.camelotintl.com /world/01incas.html (1232 words)

	The Incas
		The Incas believed their ruler was descended from the sun god and he was treated with great respect.
		The Sapa Inca reserved some land for himself and some was set aside to support the temples and priests.
		Incas knew of the bow and arrow but they relied mainly on the sling and stone.
	www.localhistories.org /inca.html (1751 words)

	THE INCAS
		The Inca empire proved short-lived: by AD 1533, Atahualpa, the last Inca emperor, called a Sapa Inca, was killed on the orders of the conquistador Francisco Pizarro, marking the beginning of Spanish rule.
		In 1572 the last Inca stronghold was discovered, and the last ruler, Túpac Amaru, Manco's son, was captured and executed, bringing the Inca empire to an end.
		Inca education was divided into two distinct categories: vocational education for common Inca and highly formalized training for the nobility.
	www.solarnavigator.net /history/incas.htm (4060 words)

	Inca Home
		Inca was really the name given the royal family and it's 40,000 descendants.
		The first Emperor, or Sapa Inca, and his chief-wife were believed to be born from the God Inti, God of the Sun.
		Inca farmers gave 2/3rds of the crop to the government (tax) in exchange for other food, clothing, and shelter.
	pages.prodigy.net /rhenning/incalife.htm (472 words)

	Independent Study Fair Report
		The Sapa Inca often had several hundred wives, but his one true wife was the queen called a coya.
		Often, the coya was the Sapa Inca's oldest sister.
		The Incas believed that their ruler, the Sapa Inca, was a descendant of their Sun God, Inti.
	www.oberlin.k12.oh.us /talent/isp/reports2003/5cassie.htm (2029 words)

	The Architecture of Machu Picchu
		The Sun Virgins were taught about the Inca beliefs, the Sun virgins would then go to many festivals in Cuzco and the Sapa Inca would decide their future.
		The mask was hung in a temple or in the Sapa Inca's palace.
		The Sapa Inca could tell how many worriers he had or how well the crop was doing or how much livestock was in the Incas hands.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0213201/architecture_of_machu_picchu.htm (1079 words)

	A Brief Introduction to the Inca Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Inca Empire was actually quite short-lived, lastingonly about 100 years, from ca.1438AD, when the Inca ruler Pachacuti andhis army began conquering the neighbors of the Inca heartland of Cuzco,until the coming of the Spaniards in 1532.
		In Quechua, the language of the Incas, the empire wasknown as Tawantinsuyu, which, loosely translated, means "land of thefour quarters." As the name implies, the realm was divided into fourparts, coming together at the capital of Cuzco: Chinchasuyu to the northwest,Condesuyu to the southwest, Antisuyu to the northeast, and Collasuyu tothe southeast.
		Inca architecture is well-known for its finely workedstones which, as the cliché goes, are fitted together so well, withoutthe use of mortar, that you cannot fit a knife blade between the stones.As travellers to the Andes know well, that is indeed the case.
	www.millville.org /Workshops_f/Acker_Inca/inca.htm (924 words)

	The Army of Tahuantinsuyu (Inca)
		Sapa Inca carried on litter as Behemoth General @4AP; Coastal tribesmen as Warband @2AP; Colla tribesmen with bola or Amazonian Indians in ambush as Lurkers @1AP; Chanca tribesmen as Spears @2; Wardogs and handlers as Beasts @2AP; Aucakpussak as Heroes @4AP or mounted on Giant Condors as Aerial Heroes @6AP
		The Sapa Inca, is the General of the army and could be either a Hero when fighting on foot, or carried on a litter as a Behemoth.
		When being carried on a litter, the Sapa Inca would be surrounded by his close relatives and bravest troops, and the litter made a very good platform for sling shooting.
	www.btinternet.com /~alan.catherine/wargames/inca.htm (701 words)

	The Mountain Institute - About the Incas
		The Inca cities and fortresses were mostly built on highlands and in the Andes Mountains to be able to protect the increasing population.
		The Sapa Inca was believed to be sacred and to be the descendant of the sun god.
		That is also way the legend of the origin of the Inca tells how Inti sent his children Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo (and in another version the four Ayar brothers and their wives) to found Cuzco, the sacred city and capital of the Inca empire.
	www.mountain.org /work/andes/tourism/incanani03.cfm (1242 words)

	The Inca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Inca civilization of the Andes mountains is one of many pre-Columbian societies that arose in western South America.
		Because the Inca were the dominant group at the time of European discovery and subsequent conquest by Francisco Pizzaro in 1532, we know more about them then all of their predecessors.
		The Sapa Inca was believed to be the Son of the Sun and a divine being himself.
	www.snowcrest.net /goehring/inca (189 words)

	CUZ: IntiRaymi
		Following the oration, Sapa Inca is carried on a golden throne, a replica of the original which weighed about 60 kilos, in a procession to the ancient fortress of Sacsayhuamán, in the hills above Cuzco.
		With the Sapa Inca come the high priests, garbed in ceremonial robes, then officials of the court, nobles and others, all elaborately costumed according to their rank, with silver and gold ornaments.
		Sapa Inca and Mama Occla are carried on their thrones, the high priests and representatives of the Supas pronounce blessings on the people.
	www.ladatco.com /CUZ-IntiRaymi.htm (645 words)

	Qhapaq Inka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Leadership systems at all levels within the Inca Empire were structured by moieties entitled the hanan (upper) and the urin (lower), in keeping with the ideal of duality.
		The Sapa Inca of the first dynasty of the Kingdom of Cuzco were, in order, Manco Capac, Sinchi Roca, Lloque Yupanqui, Mayta Capac, and Capac Yupanqui.
		The Sapa Inca of the second dynasty of the Kingdom of Cuzco were, in order, Inca Roca, Yahuar Huacac, Viracocha, and Pachacuti.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sapa_Inca (486 words)

	Inca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Inca women spun thread finely and weaved it so tightly that it was used to keep the cold out.
		Sapa Inca owned everything within the empire and had to make sure that all in the empire were taken care of.
		Inca soldiers fought with slings, spears, bows and arrows, axes, and blowguns with darts.
	www.chatham.k12.nc.us /moncure/Inca.html (1631 words)

	Hos-McGrane Grade 6 Projects > Inca Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Sapa was believed to be the child of the sun.
		The Inca leader could have many wives, but the only children who could assume the throne would have to be born to his sister.
		Follow this link to see items of daily use by the Incas as seen in a photograph from Bolivia which was taken in 1893.
	www.internet-at-work.com /hos_mcgrane/inca/eg_inca_5.html (364 words)

	Civilization III: Conquests
		In time, the Inca built an empire that spanned the Pacific coast (as far south as Argentina and as far north as Ecuador), some 2,000 miles of hills, mountains, valleys and coastline.
		Their pantheon contained such lofty omnipotents as Viracocha (the god of creation), Inti (the sun and father of the Inca Dynasty), Illapa (god of rain, thunder, and lightening), Pacha Mama (mother of the earth), and Mama Cocha (mother of the lakes).
		The Inca called their empire Tahuantinsuyu (âLand of the Four Quartersâ), which was divided into four provinces.
	www.civ3.com /conq_prof_incans.cfm (1024 words)

	Inca Empire - History Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Inca ruler was known as the Sapa Inca.
		Under his son Topa's command, the Inca army defeated the neighbouring Chimu empire in 1466, and Topa continued to expand the empire after he became the 10th Sapa Inca in 1471.
		The Incas reached a very efficient level of organisation, and invented ingenious ways of farming on steep slopes, and building bridges, roads and towns in the high mountain areas.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=1473 (563 words)

	Inca
		Between 1200 and 1535 AD, the Inca population lived in the part of South America extending from the Equator to the Pacific coast of Chile.
		The Inca society was arranged by a strict hierarchical structure.
		By 1535, the Inca society was completely overthrown, and Pizzaro moved the capital from Cuzco to Lima.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/latinamerica/south/cultures/inca.html (763 words)

	[No title]
		According to Inca beliefs, the Sapa Inca was father to all of the men of the empire and husband to all of the women.
		Because the Sapa Inca was the son of the Sun, he was married to his sister, the Coya, who was also considered to be descended from the Sun.
		When the Sapa Inca went out of his palace, he rode on a litter with runners going in front to announce his arrival.
	www.pbs.org /opb/conquistadors/peru/adventure1/pop-sapa_inca.htm (182 words)

	domlijah: INCA THIRTY
		Inti!" the Inca cried in a loud voice, and as the rays of the Sun struck his back and rose above him to rest on the altar, Will was consumed with wonder, for Dom was lit by the golden rays of the Sun, and he was breathing.
		The Sapa Inca is Law here, and his people would do nothing at all without his express permission, choosing rather to die than displease him in any way.
		The Inca has forbidden anyone to travel out of the City, or to come up from the coastal regions to make certain no more sickness is transmitted to others, seeing how Dom Domingo died amongst us so recently, and might have spread the contagion.
	community.livejournal.com /domlijah/796097.html (4966 words)

	Hos-McGrane Grade 6 Projects > Inca Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Incas were such good builders that even today you could not stick a thin knife through any of it.
		Most of the Incas work was sturdy enough that it survived earthquakes.
		Close to where the Sapa Incas and the Queen lived were the royal servants' houses.
	www.internet-at-work.com /hos_mcgrane/inca/eg_inca_9.html (482 words)

	women
		Venus Morning was equated with the Sapa Inca himself (the ruler of Tahuantinsuyu), Lord Earth symbolized the male nobility and headmen, and Man symbolized the male commoners.
		The Sapa Inca headed the cult of the Sun, and was believed to be his son.
		It began with the Sapa Inca and Coya at the top, moved to the nobility of Cuzco, to the non-Incan Cuzco nobility, to several ranks of provincial nobility, to local ethnic leaders, and finally ending with any commoners who possessed positions of authority in an ayllu, or community unit.
	www2.truman.edu /~marc/webpages/andean2k/conquest/women.html (3169 words)

	Incan Indians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The ruler, the Sapa Inca, and his wives, the Coyas, had supreme control over the empire.
		On the coast, the roads were not surfaced and were marked only by tree trunks The Incas paved their highland roads with flat stones and built stone walls to prevent travelers from falling off cliffs.
		The message would be relayed and the chain would be continued for hundreds of miles by hundreds of runners until the last runner reached the Sapa Inca and told the message, exact to the original word, because a severe punishment awaited a wrong message, which they knew since their training began in boyhood
	www.millville.org /Workshops_f/Acker_Inca/incan.htm (1364 words)

	Army of Tawantinsuyu (Inca)
		The Sapa Inca got his women [a priestess class] to eat the hair that fell from his body so witches could use them against him!
		It was composed of the Inca nobles and their relatives.
		Another idea I had was having the Sapa Inca in a litter as something [not sure what], but surrounded by bodyguards [relatives] in a manner similar to the hive queen.
	www.spinwardstars.com /fr/armies/inca.html (565 words)

	Thousands of Inca Mummies Raised From Their Graves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Thousands of Inca mummies—many with hair, skin, and eyes intact—have been rescued from beneath the streets of a sprawling settlement on the outskirts of Lima,Peru.
		The top leader, or Sapa Inca, was considered the closest living descendent of the Sun god and the source of all earthly power.
		In 1527, Francisco Pizarro and his troops had arrived in Peru and were exploring the coastal region when the death of an Inca ruler led to a civil war that left the once-mighty empire weakened and vulnerable to conquest by the Spanish invaders.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2002/04/0410_020417_incamummies.html (1299 words)

	Inca Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Main article: Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
		Due to the presence of a very real language barrier and some inept interpretation, Atahualpa became somewhat puzzled by the Friar's description of the Christian faith and was said to have not fully understood the envoy's intentions.
		Manco tried to use this intra-Spanish feud to his advantage, recapturing Cuzco (1536), but the Spanish retook the city.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inca (3502 words)

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