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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Sapphirine
		Sapphirine is relatively hard (7.5 on Mohs scale), usually transparent to translucent, with a vitreous lustre.
		Sapphirine's refractive index (as measured by monochromatic sodium light, 589.3 nm) ranges from 1.701 to 1.718 with a birefringence of 0.006–0.007, biaxial negative.
		However, sapphirine occurs in a variety of rocks, including granulite and amphibolite facies, calc-silicate skarns, and quartzites; it is also known from xenoliths.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Sapphirine (365 words)

	Sapphirine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sapphirine is relatively hard (7.5 on Mohs scale), usually transparent to translucent, with a vitreous lustre.
		The specific gravity of sapphirine is 3.54–3.51, and its streak is white.
		Sapphirine's refractive index (as measured by monochromatic sodium light, 589.3 nm) ranges from 1.701 to 1.718 with a birefringence of 0.006–0.007, biaxial negative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sapphirine (342 words)

	Abstract Listing - Text Format (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Given the distribution coefficients between sapphirine and other minerals for Be in Napier Complex psammo-pelitic granulites, i.e., 50-110 (plagioclase, An58-19); 140-200 (orthopyroxene, 8.1-5.3 wt% Al); 210 (sillimanite); >400 (biotite); >3000 (quartz, garnet), sapphirine is a substantial sink for Be with a mineral/melt distribution coefficient that could have exceeded 100.
		Secondly, the distribution of Be among sapphirine, orthopyroxene and sillimanite is regular, whereas the Be contents of these minerals show little relationship to whole rock Be content, suggesting that sapphirine Be content is the more important control on the Be content of associated minerals.
		Instead, sapphirine was a reactant phase during anatexis and its Be content could control melt Be content because the extent of melting was limited.
	www.canadiangeologicalfoundation.org /gac_2003/search_abs/sub_program.asp?sess=98&form=10&abs_no=41 (502 words)

	IngentaConnect Peraluminous Sapphirine in Retrogressed Kyanite-bearing Eclogites... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Textural analysis reveals that sapphirine is not directly related to decomposing kyanite; instead it grew by digestion of former spinel-bearing symplectites, which, together with corundum + plagioclase intergrowths, replaced kyanite as a first step.
		The sapphirine overprint is confined to the spinel-bearing symplectite.
		Sapphirine laths display a preferred orientation, discordant to grain boundaries and the orientation of the digested intergrowth.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/bell/igr/2002/00000044/00000009/art00008 (416 words)

	49
		The determination of sapphirine at high temperatures has implications for the positioning of sapphirine-bearing reactions and as a consequence to the interpretation of, in particular, the metamorphic evolution of granulite-facies terranes.
		The compositions of sapphirine and orthopyroxene in isobaric experiments were used to determine the entropy change of reaction over the temperature interval 1250°C to 1350°C, assuming that the heat capacity change of reaction over this temperature interval was negligible.
		Different activity models for sapphirine had negligible effect on the entropy change of the reaction, as there was no discernible change in the composition of sapphirine with changing temperature.
	www.the-conference.com /JConfAbs/5/49.html (646 words)

	BERYLLIUM IN THE NAPIER COMPLEX, ANTARCTICA: A TRACER FOR DETERMINING THE RELATIVE TIMING OF PARTIAL MELTING, ...
		Sapphirine is a widespread constituent of pelitic granulites in the Napier Complex of Enderby Land, East Antarctica, where it was stable with quartz at the peak of ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism (>1000 ºC).
		Because sapphirine sequesters Be, it is not likely that melts enriched in Be could form under conditions where sapphirine + quartz was stable in the pelitic host rocks; instead Be enrichment would be expected only during anatexis of rocks in which sapphirine was breaking down to Be-poor phases.
		Subsequent to the UHT event in the Napier, sapphirine + quartz was no longer stable, and sapphirine became separated from quartz by coronas of sillimanite, orthopyroxene and garnet, or was consumed entirely.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_14473.htm (512 words)

	First Occurence of Sapphirine in Oceanic Lithosphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Amongst UB-B xenoliths from the Kerguelen Archipelago, a group of wehrlites, lherzolites, websterites, metagabbros and anorthosites, characterized by the presence of Al-diopside and Al-spinel, is remarkable because of its relative abondance (45% of the sampled inclusions) and because of the occurence of sapphirine in some of basic xenoliths.
		Sapphirine bearing xenoliths have been described already in mantle xenoliths, but only in a continental environment.
		They are related to early Mg-rich segreagtes of the Kerguelen tholeiitic-transitional melts reequilibrated in P-T conditions (0.9 to 1.2 GPa and 900-1000°C for the sapphirine beaing samples) of the lower part of the Kerguelen thickened oceanic crust and/or the upper mantle.
	christian.nicollet.free.fr /page/Publications/EUG1993.html (381 words)

	Oxford Journals \| Life Sciences \| Journal of Petrology \| Archive \| Volume 40 Issue 8
		The earliest assemblage at Hakurutale was orthopyroxene + sillimanite + sapphirine.
		The most important are garnet = orthopyroxene + sillimanite + sapphirine and garnet + sillimanite = sapphirine + cordierite (both localities) and, at Hakurutale, garnet + quartz = orthopyroxene + sillimanite, garnet + sillimanite + quartz = cordierite and garnet + quartz = orthopyroxene + cordierite.
		At Hakurutale, inclusion textures indicate that sapphirine was present in the earliest recorded assemblages (prograde), but also formed later as various corona-forming reactions occurred.
	www.oxfordjournals.org /our_journals/petroj/online/Volume_40/Issue_08/egc056_gml.abs.html (359 words)

	THERMOBAROMETRIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE FORMATION OF SAPPHIRINE-SPINEL-PLAGIOCLASE SYMPLECTITES IN KYANITE ECLOGITES, AND ...
		Sapphirine often occurs as a symplectite phase surrounding kyanite in eclogites, and suggests retrogression in the granulite facies.
		Estimates of the P-T conditions of symplectite formation are in the range of 700ºC at 12.6 kbar up to 800ºC at 14.5 kbar, and possibly higher.
		These P-T are transitional between the high-pressure granulite and eclogite facies, and suggest that sapphirine symplectites form at high pressures following the formation of the eclogite facies assemblage.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_40584.htm (440 words)

	IngentaConnect Aluminous sapphirine granulites from the Eastern Ghats Belt (Indi... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		IngentaConnect Aluminous sapphirine granulites from the Eastern Ghats Belt (Indi...
		The decomposition of sapphirine + cordierite to En + Sil symplectites is attributed to the reaction Spr + Crd = En + Sil; occasional spinel in the symplectite may have formed by the reaction Spr = Spl + Sil + En.
		A quantitative activity-corrected M(F)AS grid constructed for Grt and Qtz-absent Mg, Al-rich metapelites suggests that sapphirine stabilization was induced by loading at ∼4.5 kbar, 900 °C. The decomposition of sapphirine occurred during cooling down to 700 °C at 8 Kbar in a thickened crust.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/schweiz/ejm/2006/00000018/00000001/art00004 (428 words)

	2002.1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Analyzed fluid inclusions in sapphirine, and some in garnet and quartz were trapped during mineral growth at UHT conditions as "primary" inclusions.
		The estimated CO2 isochores for sapphirine granulite intersect the counterclockwise P-T trajectory of Tonagh Island rocks at around 6-9 kbar at 1100°C, which corresponds to the peak metamorphic conditions of this terrane derived from mineral phase equilibria, and the stability field of sapphirine + quartz.
		We therefore infer that CO2 was the dominant fluid species present during the peak metamorphism in Tonagh Island, and interpret that the fluid inclusions preserve traces of the syn-metamorphic fluid from the UHT event.
	www5f.biglobe.ne.jp /~met/tt/2002.1.html (517 words)

	MRNF - Discovery of sapphirine in Québec far north: a diamond indicator mineral
		A fragment of breccia containing sapphirine has been discovered in the Troie Complex in the Archean Minto Subprovince, located in the northeastern part of the Superior Province.
		Sapphirine, a rare mineral that had never been documented in the Canadian craton, is a deep blue ferromagnesian silicate which, when in equilibrium with quartz, characterizes rocks formed under ultrahigh pressure and temperature conditions.
		One of the xenoliths has sapphirine + plagioclase (and/or potassium feldspar) symplectite surrounding sillimanite and cordierite crystals.
	www.mrn.gouv.qc.ca /english/mines/quebec-mines/2005-06/sapphirine.asp (466 words)

	Occurrence of musgravite in anorthite-corundum-spinel-sapphirine rocks ("sakenites") from South Madagascar: Evidence ...
		Within some of the spinel and sapphirine reaction coronae around corundum, we identified musgravite as platelets up to 100 x 500 µm (photo).
		Unit cell dimensions, determined using a four-circle CAD4 diffractometer by centering on 25 reflections, are compatible with a = 5.68 Å, c = 41.36 Å cell parameters in the R-3 space group, unambiguously confirming the identification of musgravite.
		We propose that this metasomatic event could be, at least in part, related to the emplacement of Be and B-rich pegmatitic bodies frequently observed in the Sakena region, and considered to be associated with the development of the Ranotsara ductile shear zone, under c.
	christian.nicollet.free.fr /page/Publications/musgravite.html (457 words)

	Sapphirine
		Date "sapphirine" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1878.
		English words defined with "sapphirine": Swallowfish ♦ Tubfish.
		grondin rouge (sapphirine gurnard), grondin perlon (sapphirine gurnard), grondin galinette (sapphirine gurnard).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/sa/sapphirine.html (372 words)

	Multicolour.com > Gem Library > Gemstones Varieties > Sapphirine
		Faceted sapphirine is exceedingly rare although the material does occur in transparent grains.
		Sapphirine(s) are organized in the following categories: Single, gemstones.
		Our most expensive Sapphirine is USD 130.80 and largest Sapphirine weight is CTS 0.68.
	www.multicolour.com /gemstones/sapphirine.html (299 words)

	CJO - Abstract
		Sapphirine granulites from the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica: geochemical and metamorphic evolution
		(=100x(Mg/(Mg+Fe)) near 95 preserve the assemblage sapphirine + enstatite + spinel, whereas sapphirine + cordierite + sillimanite + corundum occurs in aluminous and feldspathic types with X
		Cordierite rinds locally formed on corundum-sillimanite granulites reflect interaction with magmatic precursors to the enclosing felsic gneisses, as supported by the isotopic and chemical compositions of cordierite channel volatiles.
	journals.cambridge.org /article_S0954102093000525 (248 words)

	Sapphirine from Africa by Tapani Hannuksela on 1/25/2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Sapphirine from Africa by Tapani Hannuksela on 1/25/2002
		I was buy, some facet grade, rough Sapphirine.
		But, these Sapphirine was not mined in Madagascar.
	www.rockhounds.com /rocknet/archive/messages/14227.shtml (52 words)

	Sapphirine Jewelry - Links - Autumn Gallery Handcrafted Sapphirine Gemstone Jewelry
		Sapphirine's name alludes to its Sapphire Blue color, but the name and color are where the similarity ends.
		Sapphirine gemstones. ; Visit our Sapphirine gemstone jewelry catalogue.
		Sapphirine Mineral Data Pronunciation Guide Updated weekly, for the collector, educator, and researcher since 1996 Extensive Inventory of very Rare Minerals. ; Check out our Sapphirine gemstone jewelry selection.
	www.autumngallery.net /links_sapphirinejewelry.html (169 words)

	Chapter Sapphirine <i>to</i> Sarlac of S by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		Chapter Sapphirine to Sarlac of S by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any quality of sapphire.
		Copyright: All texts on Bibliomania are © Bibliomania.com Ltd, and may not be reproduced in any form without our written permission.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1210/23993/1.html (304 words)

	Khmaralite
		Read a preview of the article and sign up for a free trial for access to millions of articles from thousands of publications.
		Khmaralite, a new beryllium-bearing mineral related to sapphirine: A superstructure resulting from partial ordering...
		Su (1999) "Khmaralite, a new beryllian mineral related to sapphirine with a...
	www.toprocks.net /MineralList/47/Khmaralite.asp (437 words)

	Synthesis of beryllian sapphirine in the system MgO-BeO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O and comparison with naturally occurring ...
		Synthesis of beryllian sapphirine in the system MgO-BeO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O and comparison with naturally occurring beryllian sapphirine and khmaralite, Part 2: A chemographic study of Be content as a function of P, T, assemblage and FeMg-1 exchange -- Christy and Grew 89 (23): 327 -- American Mineralogist
		O and comparison with naturally occurring beryllian sapphirine and khmaralite, Part 2: A chemographic study of Be content as a function of P, T, assemblage and FeMg
		of reactions involving sapphirine and associated phases in the
	ammin.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/89/2-3/327 (534 words)

	Edward Grew Homepage
		Barbier, J, Grew, E.S., Moore, P.B., Su, S.-C. (1999) Khmaralite, a new beryllium-bearing mineral related to sapphirine: A superstructure resulting from partial ordering of Be, Al and Si on tetrahedral sites.
		Grew, E.S., Yates, M.G., Shearer, C.K., Hagerty, J.J., Sheraton, J.W., and Sandiford, M. (2006) Beryllium and other trace elements in paragneisses and anatectic veins of the ultrahigh-temperature Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica: The role of sapphirine.
		O and comparison with naturally occurring beryllian sapphirine and khmaralite.
	www.geology.um.maine.edu /user/ed_grew (671 words)

	P-T-X Relationships Deduced from Corona Textures in Sapphirine--Spinel--Quartz Assemblages from Paderu, Southern India ...
		The symplectites may have formed from the breakdown of osumilite.
		Grain contacts of sapphirine and spinel with quartz are rarely
		K. TOMIOKA, and H. Experimental data on Fe and Mg partitioning between coexisting sapphirine and spinel: an empirical geothermometer and its application
	petrology.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/28/6/1139 (726 words)

	highlightcavesandkarst
		[To left: The mineral assemblage sapphirine and quartz (sapphirine is the blue mineral included in transparent quartz) is one of the assemblages diagnostic of ultra-high-temperature metamorphism.
		However, it was still startling to see the paper by Harley and Motoyoshi (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v.
		We have yet to understand fully how regions of lower crust can be heated to such extreme temperature.
	www.agiweb.org /geotimes/july01/highlightmetamorphism.html (923 words)

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