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Topic: Saqqaq culture

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	Category:Archaeological cultures - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An archaeological culture is a pattern of similar artefacts and features found within a specific area over a limited period of time.
		As the archaeological cultures refer only to material items, sometimes even the purpose of which is uncertain, the word "culture" can be misleading.
		This category currently also includes archaeological industries which are similar to archaeological cultures but are limited only to artefact types.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Archaeological_cultures (141 words)

	Nationalmuseet - Saqqaq
		The main area of the Saqqaq culture is West Greenland from the Thule district in the north to the Nanortalik district in the south, East Greenland from the southernmost area to Scoresby Sund in the north.
		The discussion of the northern limits of the Saqqaq culture is connected to typological differences seen between the Saqqaq culture and the Independence I culture.
		The "Saqqaq culture" came into being, in the literature, in 1954 with Jørgen Meldgaard's excavations on the elevated beach terraces at Igloolik in the northern part of Foxe Basin, Canada (Meldgaard 1955).
	www.natmus.dk /sw18632.asp (1981 words)

	Nationalmuseet - Independence I
		In the early 1950'ies the presence of Palaeo-Eskimo cultures was established on the west coast (Meldgaard 1952) and in 1954 Knuth published his finds from Jørgen Brønlund Fjord as "Palaeo-Eskimo finds".
		On the northern coast of Scoresby Sund the oldest Palaeo-Eskimo culture seems to originate from the West Greenland Saqqaq culture (Sandell 1996).
		In: Bjarne Grønnow (ed.): The Paleo-Eskimo Cultures of Greenland - New Perspectives in Greenlandic Archaeology.
	www.natmus.dk /sw18660.asp (1296 words)

	The Ultimate History of Greenland Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		As one of the furthest outposts of these cultures, life was constantly on the edge, and cultures have come and gone during the centuries.
		However, this culture was limited to the extreme northwest of Greenland, far from the Vikings who lived around the southern coasts.
		In the region of this culture, there is archaeological evidence of gathering sites for around four to thirty families, living together for a short time during their movement cycle.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/History_of_Greenland (2436 words)

	Civilization.ca - A History of the Native People of Canada - Middle Palaeo-Eskimo Culture
		While a close relationship between Pre-Dorset and Dorset was noted by a number of archaeologists (Collins 1956; Harp 1958; Taylor 1959) it remained for Taylor (1968) to demonstrate the nature of the relationship.
		Middle Palaeo-Eskimo culture descended from the Early Palaeo-Eskimo culture of Period III (4,000 to 1,000 B.C.).
		The Arctic Small Tool tradition (Irving 1957), of which Middle Palaeo-Eskimo culture represents a segment of the eastern branch of the tradition, was well-named.
	www.civilization.ca /archeo/hnpc/npvol30e.html (2883 words)

	Denmark - Greenland and the Faroe Islands - Greenland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In Greenland, the period is divided between the Independence I culture, which incorporates the musk ox hunters in the northern part of the country, and the Saqqaq culture, which includes the seal and caribou hunters in the southern part of Greenland.
		This is the youngest of the palaeo-Eskimo cultures, and signs of it have only been found in the eastern parts of Canada, right down to sub-Arctic Newfoundland and along the coasts of Greenland.
		Alleviating this social and cultural dilemma is the greatest economic burden on the young Greenlandic welfare state.
	www.um.dk /publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap7/7-1-19_old.asp (2514 words)

	Journal of Political Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Dahl’s book is divided into nine chapters focusing on the Saqqaq community, beluga hunting, fishing, sealing, territoriality, division of labor, the Inuit hunting mode of production, national policy, and, finally, the imagined community of modern Greenlanders.
		Animal rights activists share the hunters’ respect for animals and their concern with environmental problems, but in many other respects the two groups are likely to disagree.
		Not only will it be useful in courses on hunter-gatherer society, Inuit culture, and colonial and post-colonial history, it should be valuable as well for specialists in economic and ecological anthropology.
	dizzy.library.arizona.edu /ej/jpe/volume_8/1001palsson.html (1246 words)

	Amazon.ca: Saqqaq : An Inuit Hunting Community in the Modern World: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Jens Dahl analyses life in Saqqaq, a small Greenlandic hunting community, and explores the changes that have taken place there over the last couple of decades.
		As modern technology is introduced and the worldviews of the Greenlandic Inuit change, the hunting community continues to base its life on a traditional notions, including an economy involving sharing, exchanging, and free access to the hunting and fishing grounds.
		Dahl demonstrates that Saqqaq and other communities have adapted to colonial and post-colonial influences by combining their practices of hunting and fishing with other forms of employment.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0802044484 (386 words)

	greenland
		The Dorset culture, which probably was derived from the Saqqaq or Independence II culture, or a combination of them, was more technologically advanced and lived in more communal societies.
		Evidence of the Thule culture has been found from western Alaska all the way east to Greenland, indicating that eastward migration was rapid and spread all over Greenland in less than 150 years, absorbing or supplanting all other cultures.
		It was the Thule culture that developed the kayak, the harpoon and the dogsled.
	www.stalvik.com /Engelska/laegreenland.htm (2658 words)

	Excite - Travel Guide - History & Culture
		They were followed by the Saqqaq tribe of which a little more is known because they left behind a plethora of artifacts that were subsequently dug up and fussed over by the archaeologists.
		This is when, culturally and historically speaking, things really got going.
		Not only was he a skilled explorer possessed of enormous stamina and survival skills, he was genuinely attached to the Inuit and their culture.
	www1.excite.com /travel/travelguide/history/0,20310,europe-414,00.html (1234 words)

	Infromation about History Of Greenland
		The prehistory of Greenland is a story of repeated waves of Palaeo-Eskimo immigration from the islands north of the North American mainland.
		As one of the furthest outposts of these cultures, life was constantly on the edge and cultures have come and then died out during the centuries.
		There are limited sources of the two cultures collaborating; however, scholars know that the Norse referred to the Inuit (and Vinland natives) as skraeling meaning andquot;wretchesandquot; in Old Norse.andlt;refandgt;Fitzhugh and Ward, 2000: p.
	english.turkcebilgi.com /History_of_Greenland (3880 words)

	ABSTRACT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		From 1989 to 1994, more than 200 m 2 were excavated at the Saqqaq site of Nipisat, situated on a small island 15 km south of Sisimiut.
		The excellent preservation conditions for organic material, and the fact that some of the stone artefacts were not previously known from the Saqqaq Culture, were the main reasons for the excavation.
		Nipisat the first larger Saqqaq site to be excavated from the Open Water Area was a coastal site and through all occupation phases the game animals of the surrounding waters and fjords were hunted.
	www.dpc.dk /PolarPubs/MoG/MSAbstracts/MS31Abst.htm (362 words)

	ABSTRACT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In itself the discovery of traces from the first people to inhabit West Greenland was interesting, but the most exciting finds were revealed in the eroding profile along the northern shore where the sea had exposed permafrozen midden deposits with extraordinarily well preserved bones, wood, baleen and feathers.
		A carbon -14 dating confirmed that the midden deposits were in fact of Saqqaq Culture origin.
		It was clear that a fortunate combination of permafrost and a protective vegetation cover had preserved the site with what appeared to be both habitation areas and midden deposits, providing a unique opportunity to study these early settlers and their daily life.
	www.dpc.dk /PolarPubs/OfflineMoG/http://www.dpc.dk/PolarPubs/MoG/MSAbstracts/MS30Abst.htm (260 words)

	Fakta om Sisimiut Kommune - www.sisimiut.gl
		The earliest known inhabitants of The municipality of Sisimiut were from the Saqqaq culture dating back about 4500 years.
		From the beginning, the sea and the land have provided the livelihood for residents of Greenland: The main industries historically were based on whaling, sealing and caribou.
		This school has a leading role in Greenlandic society, mostly focused on the cultural life of Greenland based on the history of the country.
	www.sisimiut.gl /eng/main1_1.htm (1118 words)

	Art and Culture - www.sisimiut.gl
		Sisimiut Museum is a local museum of cultural history, with in the future will specialise within the historical aspects of Greenlandic trade, industry and shipping.
		- exhibition of the outcome of archaeological excavations of Saqqaq culture settlements in the municipality of Sisimiut
		A settlement of the Saqqaq culture has been excavated here, and there are clear ruins of Greenlandic and Danish settlements from whaling days.
	www.sisimiut.gl /eng/main4_5.htm (678 words)

	Human history - Tikilluarit - Nuuk Tourism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This culture gradually adapted to the Greenlandic conditions to such an extent that during its migration southward along the westcoast it transformed a number of cultural traits and actually became a new Greenlandic Inuit culture, the Inussuk-culture.
		The reason for this extraordinary ability to survive in this harsh Arctic climate was first of all the specialisation of hunting-methods practised on sea-mammals, resulting in the perfection of the kayak and the development of a culture so fully integrated with the land, that everything which could be used was being used.
		Nuuk is also the home of the Greenland Cultural Centre, the award-winning Katuaq and the new Greenland Institute of Natural Resources.
	www.nuuk-tourism.gl /database.asp?lang=eng&num=247 (1186 words)

	Maniitsoq Tourist Office - Culture and history
		The first known culture is called the Saqqaq culture and dates back to 2.000 B.C. Remains from later eskimo cultures and even the Norse settlements (vikings) can be seen on many sites.
		The eskimos were semi-nomads, but the Danish colonisation in the 18th century saw the first permanent settlements.
		The large collection tells the history from the early Saqqaq culture, through the Norse settlements between 985-1.500 AC, to the latest eskimo settlements, known as the Thule-culture.
	www.greenland-guide.dk /maniitsoq-tourist/culture.htm (212 words)

	A Brief History of the Circumpolar North - Aboriginal Peoples.
		There is a certain amount of cultural change in the area around Lake Baikal (which, by this point, isn't really in the North anymore) and we see a shift from settled cultures to nomadic, mounted war-oriented ones, largely influenced by a new group of steppe peoples, the Scythians.
		On the coasts of mainland Alaska, the Norton tradition is well-developed and extends from the Alaska Peninsula to the mouth of the Firth River in the Yukon Territory.
		In Alaska, Norton culture is replaced by Ipiutak in the zone north of Bering Strait, whose culture is known for its art objects and burials and in the south a modified Norton develops with ceramics, oil lamps, and polished slate objects.
	www.yukoncollege.yk.ca /~agraham/nost202/module3/cphistory/natives.htm (6861 words)

	Continental Journeys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It is the second largest town in Greenland and is strongly influenced by the hunting culture.
		Continue to Kangaamiut a settlement which is known for its bird skin rugs and other crafts and to Manitsok which is situated on a number of islands and spits not far from the mainland.
		Continue to Qeqertarsuatsiaat, a small fishing settlement and to Paamiut a settlement known for its craftwork in bone, tusk and soapstone.
	www.continentaljourneys.com /package_results.php?country=&package_id=338 (1118 words)

	Greenland seen from sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In Qassiarsuk a church and a longhouse from that period have been reconstructed, and the area is ideal for hiking, fishing trips or a visit to a sheep-farming station.
		There are many well-preserved ruins from both the Northman and Inuit cultures in the area.
		The town, which is the second-largest in Greenland, is strongly influenced by the hunting culture.
	www.aul.gl /cruise/eng/towns.asp (1014 words)

	[No title]
		BR115.P7 C38163 2000 Christians and politics beyond the culture wars : an agenda for engagement.
		Saqqaq : an Inuit hunting community in the modern world.
		GN645.R49 2000 Rethinking pastoralism in Africa : gender, culture and the myth of the patriarchal pastoralist.
	www.goshen.edu /library/Accession_Lists/Accession200103.htm (2988 words)

	Lejre Experimental Centre: Experiments 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1999 Eva David produced a reconstruction of the so-called “Mullerup axe” from the Maglemosian culture made from an aurochs bone.
		One of the questions in connection with the reconstruction was with regard to the original shafting of the axe.
		In January the tools will be analysed for wear traces, after which they will form the basis for an analysis of artefact material from the Saqqaq culture.
	www.experimentalarchaeology.com /811.0.html (1214 words)

	Arctic Archaeology \| University of Waterloo
		It includes the Denbigh Flint complex in northern Alaska, the Independence I and Pre-Dorset cultures in Arctic Canada, and the Saqqaq (Sarqaq) culture in Greenland.
		ASTt peoples were the first humans to occupy the Canadian Arctic archipelago and Greenland, apparently entering those regions from Alaska in a rapid population movement around 4500 BP.
		In Alaska it appears to have developed into the cultures of the Norton tradition while in Arctic Canada it developed into the Dorset culture.
	anthropology.uwaterloo.ca /ArcticArchStuff/ASTt.html (156 words)

	Polarshop.dk
		The Saqqaq Culture site Qeqertasussuk (2400 — 1400 BC) is situated in the south eastern corner of Disko Bay, West Greenland.
		The stratified cultural deposits were exceptionally well preserved by permafrost and yielded hundreds of thousands of animal bones, feathers, plant remains, insect remains, wooden implements, and a wealth of other organic refuse as well as stone tools, house ruins, stone set fireplaces and other traces of habitation.
		Subsistence and subsistence change at Qeqertasussuk is studied through a comprehensive analysis of the faunal material that consists of more than 200.000 animal bones.
	www.polarshop.dk /product.asp?product=219&page=1 (334 words)

	Aasiaat Tourist Service, Greenland - Cultural Trip in the Disko Bay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Saqqaq culture consisted of people who migrated to Greenland 4,500 years ago.
		Here, you can examine the Saqqaq culture's refined tools and put your impressions from yesterday into perspective.
		In the afternoon, we will enjoy a magnificent Greenlandic buffet, which will be served in a traditional Greenlandic turf hut.
	www.greenland-guide.dk /aasiaat-tourist/tours-summer-06.htm (317 words)

	Visiting greenland
		Nuuk is Greenland's largest town and offers a host of activities, museums, the Katuaq cultural center, cafés and nightlife for tourists.
		The Saqqaq culture can be dated back to c.
		This settlement is where Eric the Red settled in 982, founding the Norse culture in Greenland.
	id.essortment.com /travelvacation_rnjl.htm (1266 words)

	NABO: Newsletter 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Most of them have their origin in Scandinavian culture, but it is difficult at the present time to say whether they were produced there and subsequently exported to the colonies or if they were produced locally.
		The formulation of the issues to be studied in the programme emphasizes the view of culture as relations between man and his environment (both social and natural).
		The purpose of this module under the polar research programme Man, Culture and Environment in Ancient Greenland is to describe the settlement strategy in relation to climatic fluctuations, resource utilization in terms of fauna, and specimens material; and trade and cultural encounters in relation to the choice of raw material.
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk:81 /~nabo/nabo_95newsletter.html (9368 words)

	Exhipitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		B4 (house of Poul Egede) is the second oldest house in Greenland.
		The settlement dates back to the 4500 years old Saqqaq culture, which represents mans first settlement in West Greenland.
		In connection with Qasigiannguit's culture week in 1997, young people from "Kissaviarsukkut" the young club "Aningaaq" build a peat house assisted by Jens Josenius.
	www.museum.gl /qasigiannguit/uk/saqqumm (368 words)

	McMaster University Libraries - Lloyd Reeds Map Collection
		Sisimiut is located slightly north of the Arctic Circle on the western coast of Greenland, which is characterized by a magnificent landscape of rugged fjords, peninsulas and islands.
		The oldest settlements date from the "Saqqaq culture" (approximately 2000 to 1500 B.C.) and the "Dorset I culture (approximately 500 B.C. to 300 A.D.).
		Further to the south, the "House of World Cultures" is visible with its gracefully curving roof, which has earned the building the nickname of the "pregnant oyster".
	library.mcmaster.ca /maps/fc2002.htm (5452 words)

	Greenland: Early History and Historical precedents - A part of Randburg
		The first to come to Greenland were of the Independence I and Saqqaq cultures.
		I culture settled in Peary Land where, a thousand years later, the people of the Independence II culture would also settle.
		Following in the wake of Independence I (and prior to Independence II) the people of the Saqqaq culture arrived.
	www.randburg.com /gr/general/general_3.html (236 words)

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