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Topic: Saramaccan

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	Saramaccan language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saramaccan (autonym: Saamáka) is a creole spoken by about 24,000 people near the Saramaccan and upper Suriname Rivers in Suriname, and 2,000 in French Guiana.
		The sources of Saramaccan vocabulary are English, Portuguese, Dutch, and Sub-Saharan African languages (20% of its vocabulary is African), especially Kongo and Gbe.
		Its phonology is closest to languages of Africa, and it has even developed tones, which are common in Africa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saramaccan (323 words)

	abstracts3-2
		Saramaccan, an Atlantic creole whose lexifier languages are Portuguese and English, has a “split” prosodic system wherein the majority of its words are marked for pitch accent but an important minority are marked for tone.
		However, this complication of Saramaccan grammar does appear to be broadly consistent with the more general claim of McWhorter (1998) that creoles form an identifiable class of languages on typological, in addition to sociohistorical, grounds.
		These observations are then analysed in the light of a possible scenario of the formation of Saramaccan involving the partial relexification of an earlier form of Sranan (the English-lexifier creole of the coast of Suriname) with Portuguese and/or a Portuguese-based Creole.
	www.fl.ul.pt /revistas/JPL/abstracts3-2.htm (644 words)

	current news
		The Granman of the Saramaccan Songo Aboikoni and his village leaders at the Upper-Surinamriver have reunited and have made a fist in the struggle for legal recognition of the rights onthe lands, which they've inhabited, used and occupied for centuries.
		Demarcation of Saramaccan territory is a necessity and they asked the Granman to join them in their struggle for the legal recognition of their land rights.The Granman showed himself willing to join them in the struggle.
		Activities: The Saramaccan village leaders are not at all pleased with the effects of shady logging and mining activities which take place in the interior at this moment by people from the interior, people from the city and strangers.
	www.gsmp.org /SPANISH/NEWS/NEWS2.HTM (2230 words)

	The Saramaccan languge
		The Saramaccan maroons are descendants of runaway slaves brought to Suriname to work on planations.
		Most people consider the date of the first runaways to be 1690.
		The language of the Saramaccans is a Portuguese based creole language.
	www.sil.org /americas/suriname/Saramaccan/Saramaccan.htm (99 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Language (San-Sau) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Saraiki is a language spoken in Pakistan and India.
		Saramaccan is a language spoken in Suriname and French Guiana.
		Sarangani Blaan is a language spoken in the Philippines.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /WSB.HTM (613 words)

	Saramaccan Bible (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Saramaccan is one of the languages of Suriname, South America.
		The Saramaccan New Testament is available from the Suriname Bible Society.
		For more information on the Saramaccan language, visit the SIL Ethnologue.
	www.ethnicharvest.org /bibles/saramaccan.htm (95 words)

	Portion of Saramaccan Grammar (work in progress) by Jeff Good
		This document is a draft of a grammar of Saramaccan.
		The standard formation of the causative construction in Saramaccan makes use of the verb mbéi `make' in a way which is very similar to the English ``make...do'' construction as can be seen in the translation of the two example sentences below.
		Relative clauses are not as commonly used in Saramaccan as in English.
	lingweb.eva.mpg.de /montage/scripts/SMGrammar.cgi (1118 words)

	Saramaccan Proverbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is an indication of the importance of moral maxims among the Saramaccans.
		They use them in any situation in which a certain maxim is appropriate to the situation.
		Most proverbs arise from events that take place among the Saramaccans, but some come from other languages.
	www.peopleteams.org /saramaccans/proverbs.html (167 words)

	Viewpoint Productions, Amsterdam
		It also caused the lands and villages of 5,000 Saramaccan Maroons to be flooded.
		The Saramaccan Maroons had lived a secluded life in the area since the eighteenth century.
		The building of the Brokopondo dam and the forced departure of the Saramaccan people is an example of a clash between economic and cultural systems.
	www.viewpointdocs.com /catalogue/04/synopsis.html (274 words)

	Nieuwe pagina 1
		One of the few good descriptions of a creole is Kouwenberg's (1991) study of the moribund Berbice Dutch Creole, of which only the rudiments were still available at the time of description.
		Certainly there is no description of Saramaccan available with anything like the level of detail of Matisoff's (1973) study of Lahu.
		Any time we do work on Saramaccan or on its sister language Sranan, new facts are discovered.
	home.wanadoo.nl /wku/Linguistics/complexities_of_arguing_about_co.htm (1155 words)

	Saramaccan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Saramaccan is spoken by the people of the upper Suriname River of the Saramaccan tribe.
		In addition to its usage in Surinam, it is also spoken in French Guiana.
		It is an English based creole which is spoken by about 25,000.
	www.flw.com /languages/saramaccan.htm (41 words)

	Animacy, Respect and Salience in Surinamese Creoles
		That it clearly is manifest in the Surinamese creoles (Scs: Ndjuka "ND", Saramaccan "SM":, and Sranaan "SR") is one of the major focuses of this paper.
		I can’t imagine anything more salient to the Saramaccans than national origin in their precarious position vis a vis the outside world, so once again, "animacy" converges with general salience.
		This facet of Saramaccan stylistics reflects a general concern with "foregrounding","backgrounding" and the maintenance of "story lines" which is a key attribute in African grammar generally.
	www.enformy.com /dma-anim.htm (4795 words)

	VIA News: Suriname (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since 1996, volunteer teams have conducted medical clinics, undertaken construction projects and drilled wells in villages of the Saramaccan people of Suriname, descendants of slaves who retain many African traditions, including voodoo and animism.
		Praise God for this breakthrough among the Saramaccans.
		Ask God to strengthen Saramaccan believers and the missionaries who work with them.
	www.viamission.org /news/nations/suriname.htm (115 words)

	Hendrison Bungelows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This small island, hidden in the Amazon rainforest, at the foot of a rapid bearing the same name, lies at a half-hour distance by boat from the furthest southern village in the living-area of the Saramaccans, the largest Maroon population in Suriname.
		The Maroons are descendants of slaves who after heroic fights against their oppressors (the former slave-owners), managed to establish living-communities in the Amazon forest.
		The Awarradam tour is ideal for those who wish to experience the culture of the Saramaccan people in the Amazon rainforest, without too much inconvenience.
	www.hendrison.com /Eng/Tourpakketten/Awarradam.php (549 words)

	Language Log: Clitics on Broadway
		But as I listened to a stage actor tonight drift into a distortion of spoken English that has always grated on my nerves, I realized that in some ways, conventions of written English can distract native speakers from ways in which our own language is more complex than we are often aware of.
		The diligent scholar of Saramaccan Creole, for example, will describe not just one set of pronouns but two: a full set and a "short" set.
		But then even today, my main Saramaccan informant tends to make the same substitutions in his e-mails to me in Saramaccan, apparently out of a sense that the clitics are just "accidents," when in fact they are very precisely conditioned.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000715.html (589 words)

	[No title]
		Both Price and the Voegelins agree that Sranan and Ndjuka are, with little effort, mutually intelligible; while Saramaccan is the most distinct of the three languages and mutually unintelligible with Sranan.
		(It is not specified whether Saramaccan and Ndjuka are also mutually unintelligible.) There is one key difference between Price and the Voegelins with respect to the classification of these languages.
		If his estimate of the derivations of the Saramaccan vocabulary is correct (i.e., 50 percent African, 20 percent Portuguese, 20 percent English, and 10 percent Dutch and Amerindian), then Saramaccan cannot be classified as an English-based creole.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7834 (1065 words)

	Hendrison Bungelows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This island is situated near the villages of the Saramaccan people, the largest Maroon population in Suriname.
		A visit to Kumalu will not only be a unique experience for nature lovers but also for those who want to learn more about the traditional African culture as it has remained in Suriname.
		You will furthermore be introduced to the hospitable Saramaccan people and you will encounter the virgin Amazon rainforest with its many secrets.
	www.hendrison.com /eng/Tours/Kumalu.php (177 words)

	Language Log: Streamlined cognition?
		For example, for all of the attention to Africans' contributions to plantation creole grammars, the fact remains that Saramaccan creole's grammar is an abbrevation of the West African language Fongbe's, not a reproduction of it.
		Saramaccan has its quirks, as well as the mot justes and idioms that any language has.
		Yet I itch at the notion of supposing that my best Saramaccan informant has a duller perception of the world than Slobodan Milosevic.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000202.html (955 words)

	TConline - January 2003 - Acts of God
		According to Saramaccan beliefs, a great spirit lives inside each anaconda, and they feared making the spirit angry.
		As the villagers danced and swayed at the river’s edge, they waited for a villager to collapse to indicate that a spirit had possessed the person.
		Leaders such as Humphrey are being trained in the Bible as church members seek to plant a church in a neighboring village.
	archives.tconline.org /Stories/Jan03/aogamericas.htm (2942 words)

	Travel About (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Awarradam Jungle Resort is on a small island, hidden in the Amazon rainforest in the area of the Saramaccans, the largest Maroon population in Suriname.
		An unforgettable experience during this tour is a ride at night boat on the river under the endless starry sky, a visit to Kajana village for an authentic cultural performance and village dance.
		Afternoon departure by boat for a walk through the village and a meeting with the elders in the village of Kajana, where dinner will be served and the villagers will invite you to a cultural performance of Saramaccan songs and dances.
	www.travelaboutinc.com /suriname.htm (1035 words)

	Surinam Itinerary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the evening the village of Kayana invites you to share a village dance and learn more about the Saramaccan culture.
		The afternoon is free to learn local fishing techniques, paddle a dugout canoe or visit the agricultural plots of the Saramaccan people.
		After dinner, visit the village of Benekondre for a cultural evening with the Saramaccan people.
	www.aertours.com /suritenerary.htm (907 words)

	LINGUIST List 14.2044: Syntax/Morphology: Good: 'Strong linearity...' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The second case study is on a minimal-size restriction found in the Chechen core verb phrase.
		The final case study is on the order of verbs within serial verb phrases, with a focus on Saramaccan.
		The Bantu case study exemplifies morphosyntactic verbal templates, the Chechen case study exemplifies templates conditioned by special clitics, and the Saramaccan case study exemplifies a class of templatic syntactic phenomena often given the label ``constructions''.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/14/14-2044.html (271 words)

	Closer To Truth - Dr. John McWhorter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Grant of travel and research costs to do research on documents in early Saramaccan Creole in the Rijksarchief in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
		Skeletons in the Closet: Anomalies in the Behavior of the Saramaccan Copula.
		The Diachrony of Predicate Negation in Saramaccan Creole: Synchronic and Typological Implications.
	cttdev.gps.caltech.edu /participants/jmcwhorter (1416 words)

	SOCIETY FOR PIDGIN AND CREOLE LINGUISTICS
		Granting the split-C hypothesis, I suggest that Saramaccan and Gbe manifest an articulated complementizer system (CS) whereby the features (topic, focus, interrogative) are encoded by discrete heads (Inter°, Top°, Foc°) whose specifiers host the fronted constituents in a spec-head configuration (Rizzi 1997, Aboh 1999).
		In this respect, the Saramaccan focus marker wE is considered a flagrant case of morphosyntactic inheritance.
		I further propose, contra Byrne (1987), that the Saramaccan complementizer-like fu and quasi-modal fu are components of the CS.
	www.fiu.edu /~creowksh/SPCL_2002AnnualMeeting_San_Francisco.htm (10817 words)

	Jesus overcomes 'power of Satan'
		That's an intriguing topic for Saramaccans, descendants of African slaves.
		One Saramaccan who has discovered that truth is a woman who calls herself Maria Magdala.
		Eduard paved the way for McClard and IMB missionary Chip Collins, from Houston, to visit some Saramaccan villages and meet with the tribal chief.
	www.baptiststandard.com /1998/12_2/pages/satan.html (560 words)

	XTone Project - Cross-Linguistic Tonal Database - Saramaccan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Saramaccan is probably best understood as a split system---with some words truly tonal and other words marked for a high-tone pitch accent.
		Pitch-accent marked words show a predictable interaction between stress and tone.
		Tone and accent in Saramaccan: Charting a deep split in the phonology of a language by Good, Jeff - 2004
	xtone.linguistics.berkeley.edu /display/index.php?languageid=85 (345 words)

	In All Things...Pray (SBCPRAY.NET) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Saramaccan Team of Suriname writes: “We met a lady named S. with a severe case of leprosy in one of the Saramaccan villages where we prayerwalked recently.
		After leaving, we promised to come back, and after a few days, we brought her a bag of rice.
		We ask you to pray for the many S.s among the Saramaccans.
	www.sbcpray.net /viewdetails.asp?id=3913 (329 words)

	SCL HONORARY MEMBERS - MERVYN C. ALLEYNE
		He carefully avoided it in his book Comparative Afro-American (1980), arguably the most quoted source on the relevant varieties.
		In addition to its detailed comparison of structural aspects of Sranan, Saramaccan, Jamaican, Guyanese, among others, this work reveals, not for the first time, his preoccupation with the Black experience as a whole, and with the autonomy of Black culture.
		In Studies in Saramaccan Language Structures, edited by Mervyn Alleyne, 71–78.
	www.scl-online.net /mcalleyne.html (628 words)

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