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Topic: Sarcophagi

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	Late antique necropolis in Baalbek Douris (Lebanon)
		Several sarcophagi were discovered, that were part of a large necropolis dating probably to the Roman imperial period or to the beginning of late antiquity (3./4.
		According to the local inhabitants other sarcophagi had been found from time to time in the surrounding gardens, thus indicating a large necropolis that probably belonged to one of the many suburbs of ancient Baalbek and was situated close to the ancient road along the eastern border of the Beqaa plain.
		In close cooperation with the Department of Antiquities of Lebanon as well as with students of the American University of Beirut and of the FHTW (Fachhochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft) of Berlin the topographical and geomorphological surroundings of the necropolis were investigated and the typology and burials in the necropolis studied.
	www.dainst.org /index_586_en.html (470 words)

	[No title]
		Sarcophagi are among the most spectacular and durable of antiquities, and may have inspired artists in the Middle Ages as much as they were to do in the Renaissance and later (e.g.
		The vogue for marble sarcophagi was as strong in England as on the Continent, which it perhaps tended to ape: references to saints and martyrs buried in marble are therefore not rare.
		Several of the paleochristian sarcophagi are from re-used stone (ibid., 9-10): one employs cannellated stone, another includes a nine-line inscription relating to the corporation of ancient Alba, and a third incorporates two blocks decorated with fasces from the entablature of the same civic monument.
	rubens.anu.edu.au /new/books_and_papers/survival.publish/chap9.html (7332 words)

	sarcophagus. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Sarcophagi were not in common use in Greece earlier than the 6th cent.
		The marble sarcophagi (excavated in 1877) from Sidon, a chief city of ancient Phoenicia, are among the finest examples of Greek art.
		Under the rule of the emperors Roman sarcophagi became elaborate, with mythological scenes carved on the sides and statues of the deceased on the lid.
	www.bartleby.com /65/sa/sarcopha.html (381 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Roman Catacombs
		Christian sculpture on sarcophagi was not fully developed until about the middle of the fourth century; two sarcophagi of this period, that of Junius Bassus in the crypt of St. Peter's, and another similar in style, in the Lateran Museum, are the finest examples of early Christian carving.
		The subjects chosen from the Passion are the prediction of the denial of Peter, the washing of the feet, the crowning with thorns, Pilate's judgment, with the Old Testament prototype of the sacrifice of Isaac as contrasting relief.
		On many of the sarcophagi, however, especially those belonging to the period of the decline of Rome, the compositions lack a central thought and are arranged either according to the fancy of the sculptor or according to the command and desire of the purchaser.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03417b.htm (7317 words)

	Lycia, Lycian Turkey - Tombs, Lycia's famous funerary architecture
		The Lycians were a sea-faring people and seem to have held a belief that the souls of their dead would be transported from the tombs to the afterworld by demon birds, and so often placed their tombs along the coast or at the top of cliffs.
		Sarcophagi are a common form of burial all over the world, however Lycian sarcophagi are distinctive - especially for their great size.
		Lycian sarcophagi are often decorated with reliefs, usually on the sides and crest of the lid, but sometimes on the grave-chamber.
	www.lycianturkey.com /lycian_tombs.htm (990 words)

	Sarcophagi
		Nock, A.D. (1946), "Sarcophagi and symbolism," AJA 50 (1946) pp.
		There are pictures of many Roman sarcophagi with mythological scenes in the slide collection of Professor Z. Philip Ambrose, University of Vermont.
		Report on the discovery of two 4th-century sarcophagi near Poitiers.
	www.lamp.ac.uk /noy/death6.htm (1146 words)

	LM
		Sarcophagi were made of stone, terra-cotta, wood, marble, alabaster, or metal.
		Etruscan sarcophagi have been dated from the sixth century B.C., and often had an image of the deceased person on the lid.
		Sarcophagi provide a significant record of the early illustration of Christian ideas and historical documentation of art in the late Roman empire.
	www.episcopalchurch.org /19625_15296_ENG_Print.html (231 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Sarcophagi In The Attic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Then the sarcophagi were rolled over the tracks to the wharf, loaded on barges, floated out to the steamer and placed in the hold for their journey to Constantinople, where your great-grandfather—who went along—was made an honorary member of the Turkish Archeological Society.
		The architectural details of all these sarcophagi, so far as I can judge from the photographs, are of the Greek type of the best period, without a trace of Roman influence, and the sculpture appears to be of the highest class...
		It will be months before the sarcophagi can be seen by any one, as it would be highly dangerous to expose them, however slightly, to the dust and damp of a Constantinople winter, as would be the case if they were uncovered before being placed in the building now being erected for their reception...
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/196902/sarcophagi.in.the.attic.htm (2500 words)

	Beth She'arim - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
		Its catacombs, mausoleums, and sarcophagi are adorned with elaborate symbols and figures as well as an impressive quantity of incised and painted inscriptions in Hebrew, Aramaic, Palmyrene, and Greek, documenting two centuries of historical and cultural achievement.
		Carved on tomb walls or on the sarcophagi themselves are many depictions of animals, seven-branched candelabras (both incised and in relief), stone and marble statues, scenes from the pagan world, and ships.
		Especially remarkable are the hundreds of inscriptions, noting names of the deceased, professions, places of residence, energetic curses upon those who would open the tomb, lamentations, and prayers sending he dead on their way to the afterlife.
	whc.unesco.org /pg_friendly_print.cfm?id=1643&cid=326& (751 words)

	Funerary Equipment - Theban Mapping Project
		From Amenhetep III onwards, royal sarcophagi generally were carved from red Aswan granite.
		The sarcophagi of the Dynasty 18 kings, through the reign of Amenhetep III, were cartouche-shaped in plan, with representations of Anubis and the four sons of Horus on the sides [10650, 10651, 10652], Isis and Nephthys on the foot and head ends [10643, 10644], and Nut on the lid.
		Royal sarcophagi from the Amarna period to the end of the dynasty revert to the rectangular shrine shape with figures of protective goddesses sculpted on the corners [13844, 14747].
	www.thebanmappingproject.com /articles/article_5.2.html (307 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.11.22
		Meleager sarcophagi frequently show the hero's companions carrying his body home; the lying in state of Patroclos and Meleager both appear on sarcophagi; and at least one example depicts Andromache and the Amazons mourning the death of Hector, just as the women of a family would ritually bewail the death of a relative.
		In every case, these sarcophagi emphasize different aspects of the stories than do the surviving literary treatments: Medea becomes the impersonal agent of cruel fate; her victim Creusa is the protagonist, appearing in two scenes of the narrative.
		Medea sarcophagi might be appropriate for tombs of young women, while those with the myth of Phaeton might be chosen for young men, especially those who had died in accidents.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2004/2004-11-22.html (4288 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is further argued that, since the earlier of the two sarcophagi dates to the formative stage of the genre’s production, the artisans of circus sarcophagi may have partly drawn upon the monuments of these athletic heroes for inspiration in crafting their designs.
		That the sarcophagi directly ‘quoted’ from charioteer monuments is further illustrated by the articulation of the trappings of professional racers (i.e., helmets, costumes and coloured garments) on some of the child charioteers.
		The paper concludes that the significance of the decoration of some circus sarcophagi must be understood as the conscious attempt by parents (as patrons) to recast their deceased children as heroes of the race course through the visual emulation of charioteers and their monuments.
	classics.lss.wisc.edu /symposium/Abstracts/Bell.doc (593 words)

	Alyscamps - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As early as the 4th century there were already several thousand tombs, necessitating the stacking of sarcophagi three layers deep.
		It was further damaged by the arrival of the railway and a canal in the 19th century, both of which sliced across the site.
		The best of the Alyscamps' sarcophagi are now on display in the Museum of Ancient Arles, which has one of the best collections of Roman sarcophagi to be found anywhere outside Rome itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alyscamps (438 words)

	Sarcophagus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Herodotus believed, erroneously, that sarcophagi (the plural) were carved from a special kind of rock that consumed the flesh of the corpse inside.
		Sarcophagi were usually carved, decorated or built ornately.
		Some were built to be freestanding above ground, as a part of an elaborate tomb.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sarcophagus (193 words)

	Myths and More on Etruscan Stone Sarcophagi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It appears that the sarcophagi have been made over a period of around six generations, between approximately 350 and 200 BC, at a time which was crucial in the history of Etruria.
		Attention is paid to the find-spots, the family tombs, the owners of the sarcophagi, as well as to their social background and civil status.
		Finally, the scenes on children's sarcophagi, with a similar content, are given attention.
	www.peeters-leuven.be /boekoverz.asp?nr=7810 (273 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 95.12.21
		The book focuses on two primary themes represented on Roman sarcophagi of the later second and third centuries: the myths of Adonis and of Endymion.
		He continues the ongoing discussion about the interpretation of myth on sarcophagi that began well before the famous debate of the 1940's between Franz Cumont and Arthur Darby Nock about how much complex philosophical or religious meaning attached to mythological imagery in funerary art.
		His contributions are not simply to the reinterpretation of individual monuments but to the presentation of a clear model for the way artists and viewers understood the reuse of standard motifs that never lost their meaningful connections to their original narrative settings.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1995/95.12.21.html (1067 words)

	INVENTORY OF THE ERNST KITZINGER PAPERS, 1931-1935 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This series includes research files on frieze sarcophagi, and silver; material about the Kankaria mosaic theft (newspaper and magazine articles, and correspondence); and files on inked inscriptions on Coptic textiles, and ivories.
		The notes and photographs of the frieze sarcophagi section (12 files) are organized by mainly iconographic topics.
		Kankaria Mosaic, Honolulu Ivories, Coptic Inscriptions, and Frieze Sarcophagi, 1967 - 1992, and n.d.
	www.getty.edu /research/conducting_research/finding_aids/kitz2_m14.html (867 words)

	AllRefer.com - sarcophagus, Custom & Artifact (Customs And Artifacts) - Encyclopedia
		Later Egyptian sarcophagi were sometimes shaped to the body they contained.
		The early Christians also used sarcophagi for their distinguished dead.
		In the Middle Ages sarcophagi proper were used only in rare instances for especially elaborate entombments.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/sarcopha.html (453 words)

	Canaan & Ancient Israel @ University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
		The lids of these sarcophagi depict faces and upper torsos, in either a "naturalistic" or "grotesque" style.
		These sarcophagi promote a degree of individuality in death, however, that contrasts with the typical communal type of burial.
		Similar sarcophagi are known from some lower ranking burials in Egypt, where the practice of burials in sarcophagi originated.
	www.museum.upenn.edu /Canaan/Sarcophagi.html (207 words)

	Art: Roman Christian Catacombs - CIC
		Some sarcophagi have sculptured reliefs on all four lateral panels, including the top cover slab, while others may be limited to three panels or just the frontal one.
		The sculptured images of the pagan sarcophagi represented for the most part mythological stories, while the christian sarcopgahi illustrated scenes from the life of Jesus, biblical episodes, and sometimes the image of the deceased.
		On the sarcophagi, the deceased are usually depicted at the center of the front panel, flanked on both sides by reliefs of biblical episodes.
	www.arsmar.com /ce_art.htm (1697 words)

	Bali Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The biggest mass cremation in Ubud's history - 78 sarcophagi - happened while we were there.
		Tourists are encouraged to attend (in proper temple dress) since it adds to the prestige of the deceased.
		When someone dies, he or she is buried until there are enough bodies to share the cost of a cremation ceremony.
	mission.base.com /pictures/bali/cremation.html (83 words)

	Cremation vs. Inhumation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		These Asiatic sarcophagi are a class unto themselves, carved on all four sides and usually possessing some type of marble effigy on the lid.
		There is evidence that these sarcophagi were in great demand, and many leading families of Rome had them imported all the way from Asia minor.
		While the upper class was usually laid to rest in sarcophagi housed in mausoleums, the Roman middle class was usually buried in graves marked with a large upright pot, or amphorae, partially thrust into the ground.
	www.colleges.org /~turkey/projects/speegle/cremation.html (883 words)

	Phoenician Treasures
		The sarcophagi are hauled with ropes and rolled through the tunnel to the outside and into the light of day after more than two thousand years in the tomb.
		The sarcophagi are rolled over the tracks to the wharf, hoisted up to the side of the ship and placed in its hold for the long journey to Constantinople.
		In 1861 six white marble anthropoid sarcophagi are discovered south of Sidon at Magharat Abloun, an ancient burial ground, by Ernest Renan, the French scholar sent by Napoleon III, Emperor of France, to make a survey of the archaeological sites of Phoenicia.
	phoenicia.org /tresures.html (2655 words)

	USATODAY.com - Archaeologists unveil newest pharaonic tomb in Egypt's Valley of Kings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Hushed researchers craned their necks and media scuffled inside the stiflingly hot underground stone chamber as Egyptian antiquities chief Zahi Hawass slowly cracked open the coffin's lid — for what scientists believe is the first time in more than 3,000 years.
		At the time, they believed it contained seven sarcophagi, but Lokma said a total of eight were inside.
		Since then, the lids of seven of the coffins —; including a tiny one built for an infant and filled with feather-stuffed pillows — were peeled back one by one, revealing pottery shards and fabric but no mummies.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/discoveries/2006-06-28-sarcophagus-valley-of-kings_x.htm?csp=34 (828 words)

	Egypt: What Egyptians Took to the Afterlife
		Later, the corners of the sarcophagi were rounded, and the entire structure took on the shape of a cartouche.
		Around the middle of the 16th Dynasty, granite was favored for the sarcophagi, and beginning with Tutankhamun, the sarcophagi took on a more box like shape resembling a shrine, with cavetto cornice running around their tops.
		During the 19th Dynasty, the sarcophagi were much larger and constructed of red granite, though some of these had anthropoid inner sarcophagi off calcite.
	www.touregypt.net /featurestories/equip.htm (1339 words)

	Sinclair Bell
		Roman sarcophagi, monuments that were serially produced and that today are often deprived of their original context, contents, and inscription, present a particular challenge for scholars attempting to distinguish between the ersatz and the genuine.
		This paper focuses on children’s sarcophagi that were decorated with scenes of cupids and children racing chariots in the setting of the Circus Maximus and were produced in metropolitan Rome between the late Hadrianic era and the late third century.
		It is further argued that, since the earlier of the two sarcophagi dates to the formative stage of the genre’s production, the artisans of circus sarcophagi drew upon the monuments of these athletic heroes for inspiration in crafting their designs.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~classics/conferences/artandartifice/abstracts/bell.html (683 words)

	Lost Cities of Amazonia Part II
		Tomorrow we are to go to the "Secret Sarcophagi" which are located on the ridge of a cliff face high up a mountain called Cuichimal.
		The sarcophagi are located at two levels sitting atop ledges that are part of the layered syncline.
		The sarcophagi appear to be about as tall as a human, they have an upturned, flat face and rounded body, the remains of paint can be seen.
	www.mindspring.com /~j-smith/cloud-2.htm (3430 words)

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		Behind these sarcophagi are L house-type tombs that have been carved out of the living rock.
		Here, one sees sarcophagi and architectural structllres together, whereas the houses are intact up to their door stones.
		At the foot of the hill, and a little above the level of the plain, is an attractive glade in which there are a dozen or so Lycian sarcophagi and a number of pigeon-hole tombs.
	www.exploreturkey.com /exptur.phtml?id=211 (743 words)

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