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Topic: Sarcosine

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	Schizophrenia.com - Glycine, Sarcosine treatment for schizophrenia
		There has been little research done on the benefits or risks of sarcosine specifically (with only one human trial completed, that we are aware of), so again, talk with your doctor before changing or adding to your treatment regimen.
		More information on sarcosine is available at this link: Schizophrenia and Sarcosine.
		Another amino acid-based treatment that may be forthcoming is a drink that looks to be a Tyrosine-based formulation, but we haven't seen much supporting published research on it yet.
	www.schizophrenia.com /glycinetreat.htm (3300 words)

	SARDH - sarcosine dehydrogenase
		Hypersarcosinaemia is a rare inborn error of metabolism, caused by a deficiency of the sarcosine dehydrogenase complex with tetrahydrofolate as a formaldehyde acceptor needed for the sarcosine-glycine conversion.
		Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.2) and sarcosine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.1) are flavoproteins which catalyze the oxidative demethylation of dimethylglycine to sarcosine and sarcosine to glycine, respectively.
		SARDH is a homologue of LOC417146 (similar to sarcosine dehydrogenase; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase-like 1) from Gallus gallus.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/87744.html (4485 words)

	Dentifrices containing aminoalkyl silicones and sarcosinate surfactants - Patent 5154915
		Dentifrice of claim 1 wherein the dentifrice is a toothpaste, R.sup.1 is methyl or ethyl, R.sup.2 is methyl or ethyl and R.sup.3 is a divalent alkylene having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
		Sarcosine surfactants are generally salts of N-acylsarcosinates, although N-acylsarcosines may also be useful and are within the scope or the present invention.
		The sarcosine surfactants are of the formula R.sup.15 CON(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 Q wherein R is a hydrocarbon group of from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and Q is selected from the group consisting of cations, preferably alkali metal ions and ammonium ions, and hydrogen.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5154915.html (7358 words)

	Sequence Analysis of Sarcosine Oxidase and Nearby Genes Reveals Homologies with Key Enzymes of Folate One-carbon ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sarcosine oxidase (6.83 mg) was mixed with guanidine hydrochloride to a final concentration of 2 M at pH 7.5.
		subunit from sarcosine oxidase; oct/nop ox, A subunit from octopine and nopaline oxidases; monomeric sox, monomeric sarcosine oxidases.
		Octopine and nopaline oxidases are heterodimeric enzymes that catalyze oxidative cleavage reactions with N-substituted arginine derivatives, analogous to the sarcosine oxidase reaction(36, 37, 38).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/270/31/18252 (6290 words)

	Creatinine biosensor - Patent 6861232 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		5,466,575, a method is described in which sarcosine oxidase and creatininase are immobilized in a fish gelatin capable of being subjected to light-induced crosslinking and subsequently are superimposed by creatinase in a film-forming polyvinyl-acetate-co-vinyl-alcohol latex.
		In particular, a biosensor according to the invention for the determination of creatinine is characterized in that sarcosine oxidase is adsorbed on the working electrode and creatininase and creatinase are immobilized thereupon.
		Sarcosine oxidase dissolved in water (prior art) as well as in water with water-soluble, surface-active components (in the instant case, glycerine as well as three non-ionic tensides) being added was dropped onto the amperometric base sensor and was allowed to dry at room temperature.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6861232.html (1881 words)

	Characterization of Glycine Sarcosine N-Methyltransferase and Sarcosine Dimethylglycine N-Methyltransferase -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		for glycine; sarcosine is not methylated further (11).
		100 mM sarcosine in GSMT assays and 320 mM sarcosine or 200 mM
		betaine with 4 mM sarcosine and 4 mM AdoMet as the substrates.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/5/2044 (4183 words)

	sar: A Genetic Mouse Model for Human Sarcosinemia Generated by Ethylnitrosourea Mutagenesis -- Harding et al. 89 (7): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		While sarcosine cannot be detected in the urine or plasma of normal mice, the urinary sarcosine level of 102 ± 58 mmol per g of creatinine in the mutant mice was at the upper range of the urinary levels (1.5-45 mmol of sarcosine per g of creatinine) observed in humans with sarcosinemia.
		Similarly, the plasma sarcosine level of 785 ± 153 µmol/liter in the sarcosinemic mice was at the upper range of the plasma sarcosine levels (53-760 µ mol/liter) observed in affected humans.
		Sarcosine dehydrogenase [sarcosine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (demethylating), EC 1.5.99.1] activity was deficient in sarcosinemic mice.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/89/7/2644 (362 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: N-Acyl Sarcosines and Sodium N-Acyl Sarcosinates; Proposed Tolerance Exemption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		N-Acyl sarcosines have approved uses under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA): (a) Lauroyl and stearoyl sarcosines are approved for use as release agents in coatings at levels up to 0.3% by weight of the finished food packaging cellophane (21 CFR 177.1200).
		N-Acyl sarcosines where the acyl group is lauroyl, oleoyl, or derived from the combined fatty acids of coconut oil (i.e., cocoyl) are approved for use as anti-static and/or antifogging agents at levels up to a total of 0.15% by weight of polyolefin film used for packaging meat, fresh fruits, and fresh vegetables (21 CFR 178.3130).
		Based on the worst case assumption regarding the dietary risks resulting [[Page 38425]] from exposure to N-acyl sarcosines and its salts when used at levels not to exceed 10% of pesticide formulations, residues of N-acyl sarcosines and their sodium salts would not be considered to be toxicologically significant.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1996/July/Day-24/pr-809.html (1717 words)

	Clinical Trial: Sarcosine Preventive Therapy for Individuals At High Risk for Schizophrenia
		The purpose of this study is to determine whether preventative treatment with sarcosine can reduce symptoms and delay/avoid disease progression in individuals defined as being in a prodromal stage of schizophrenia.
		Primary Outcomes: Sarcosine vs. placebo in subjects at risk for developing schizophrenia; Sarcosine is superior to placebo in the treatment of positive, negative, and cognitive (disorganized) symptoms; Sarcosine vs. placebo in the treatment of neurocognitive dysfunction
		Sarcosine is a natural amino acid that has already been shown to reduce positive, negative and cognitive symptomatology in chronic as well as acute schizophrenia patients.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00276263 (954 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: N-Acyl sarcosines and Sodium N-acyl sarcosinates; Tolerance Exemption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Risk Assessment and Statutory Findings N-acyl sarcosines and sodium N-acyl sarcosinates form a large class of chemical compounds where the acyl group is derived from fatty acids such as lauric, oleic and stearic acid and/or derived from the combined fatty acids of coconut oil.
		N-acyl sarcosine and sodium N-acyl sarcosinates are metabolized by humans to sarcosine and the corresponding fatty acids.
		Conclusion Therefore, based on the information and data considered, EPA is proposing an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance be established for residues of N-acyl sarcosines and sodium N-acyl sarcosinates when used as inert ingredients (surfactants) in pesticide formulations containing glyphosate at a concentration not to exceed 10% weight of the formulation.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1999/July/Day-07/p16933.htm (1766 words)

	[No title]
		Sarcosine oxidase catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to glycine.
		Q9D826 Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.1) (PSO) (L-pipecolate oxidase) (EC 1.5.3.7) (L-pipecolic acid oxidase)
		Q9P0Z9 Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.1) (PSO) (L-pipecolate oxidase) (EC 1.5.3.7) (L-pipecolic acid oxidase)
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR006281 (245 words)

	Pfam 21.0 : SoxG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sarcosine oxidase is a hetero-tetrameric enzyme that contains both covalently bound FMN and non-covalently bound FAD and NAD(+).
		This enzyme catalyses the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to yield glycine, H2O2, and 5,10-CH2-tetrahydrofolate (H4folate) in a reaction requiring H4folate and O2 [1,2].
		This enzyme catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to yield glycine, H
	pfam.janelia.org /cgi-bin/getdesc?name=SoxG (146 words)

	[No title]
		Sarcosine oxidase is a hetero-tetrameric enzyme that contains both covalently bound FMN and non-covalently bound FAD and NAD
		This enzyme catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to yield glycine, H
		Chlumsky L.J. Zhang L. Jorns M.S. Sequence analysis of sarcosine oxidase and nearby genes reveals homologies with key enzymes of folate one-carbon metabolism.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR007375 (131 words)

	2010 PROJECT 1
		Sarcosine oxidase (SOX) is known as a peroxisomal enzyme in mammals, and as a sarcosine-inducible enzyme in soil bacteria.
		When overexpressed in Escherichia coli, AtSOX enhanced growth on sarcosine as sole nitrogen source, showing that it has SOX activity in vivo, and the recombinant protein catalyzed the oxidation of sarcosine to glycine, formaldehyde, and H2O2 in vitro.
		These data indicate that pipecolate is the endogenous substrate for SOX in plants, and suggest that plants utilize exogenous sarcosine opportunistically, sarcosine being a common soil metabolite.
	www.hos.ufl.edu /meteng/HansonWebpagecontents/2010PROJECTFINAL.html (1373 words)

	Glycine transporter I inhibitor, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), added to clozapine for the treatment of schizophrenia.
		Twenty schizophrenic inpatients enrolled in a 6-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sarcosine (2 g/day) which was added to their stable doses of clozapine.
		Sarcosine produced no greater improvement when co-administered with clozapine than placebo plus clozapine at weeks 2, 4, and 6.
		Sarcosine was well tolerated and no significant side-effect was noted.
	www.galenicom.com /medline/article/16780811/ca:86 (292 words)

	Department of Biochemistry
		Khanna, P. and Jorns, M.S. (2003) Tautomeric rearrangement of a dihydroflavin bound to monomeric sarcosine oxidase or N-methyltryptophan oxidase.
		Eschenbrenner, M. and Jorns, M.S. (1999) Cloning and mapping of the cDNA for human sarcosine dehydrogenase, a flavoenzyme defective in patients with sarcosinemia.
		Trickey, P., Wagner, M.A., Jorns, M.S., and Mathews, F.S. (1999) Monomeric sarcosine oxidase: Structure of a covalently-flavinylated secondary amine oxidizing enzyme.
	www.drexelmed.edu /documents/biochemistry/faculty/resume_jorns.htm (570 words)

	Sarcosine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is used in manufacturing biodegradable surfactants and toothpastes as well as in other applications.
		Early evidence suggests that intake of 2 g/day sarcosine as add-on therapy to certain antipsychotics (not clozapine
		"Glycine transporter I inhibitor, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), added to antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia.".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sarcosine (361 words)

	Monomeric Sarcosine Oxidase: 1. Flavin Reactivity and Active Site Binding Determinants,
		The carboxyl group of sarcosine is essential for binding since none is observed with simple amines.
		The amino group of sarcosine is not essential, but binding affinity depends on the nature of the substitution (CH < O < S < Se < Te), an effect which has been attributed to differences in the strength of donor-
		The methyl group of sarcosine is not essential but does contribute to binding affinity.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/2000/39/i30/abs/bi000349z.html (451 words)

	The trans-Acting Protein Interacting with the DNA Motif Proximal to the Transcriptional Start Site of Plant ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tn5 mutated strains PN 236, PN 238, and PN 239 (4), and Agrobacterium
		Preparation and properties of recombinant corynebacterial sarcosine oxidase: evidence for post-translational modification during turnover with sarcosine.
		Bacterial sarcosine oxidase: comparison of two multisubunit enzymes containig both covalent and noncovalent flavin.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/3/811 (4512 words)

	Extreme Halophiles Synthesize Betaine from Glycine by Methylation -- Nyyssölä et al. 275 (29): 22196 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		HPLC Analysis of Sarcosine, Dimethylglycine, and Betaine-- The reaction products were analyzed by HPLC using Aminex HPX-87C column as described earlier (37).
		The activity on glycine, sarcosine, and dimethylglycine is expressed as micromoles of methyl groups transferred per min.
		The products of the enzymatic reactions were analyzed by HPLC as described under "Experimental Procedures." The retention times of the standards (sarcosine (S), dimethylglycine (D), and betaine (B)) are shown by triangles on the x axis.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/275/29/22196 (3343 words)

	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry P40859 [MSOX_BACB0] Monomeric sarcosine oxidase
		Kinetic studies with sarcosine, alternate substrates, and a substrate analogue.";
		Zhao G. Qu J. Davis F.A. Jorns M.S. "Inactivation of monomeric sarcosine oxidase by reaction with N-(cyclopropyl)glycine.";
		Trickey P. Wagner M.A. Jorns M.S. Mathews F.S. "Monomeric sarcosine oxidase: structure of a covalently flavinylated amine oxidizing enzyme.";
	www.expasy.org /uniprot/P40859 (292 words)

	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Differentiate the Antibody Responses of Animals Infected with Brucella Species ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To further investigate the serological reactivity of the sarcosine
		on the concentration of polysaccharide in the sarcosine extracts.
		Antigens were extracted by 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% sarcosine and were analyzed by 12% SDS- PAGE and silver staining (A) or by Western blotting with anti-B.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/10/4/710 (1946 words)

	Pfam 21.0 : SoxD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Five operons of such oxidases are found in Mesorhizobium loti and three in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a high enough copy number to suggest that not all members share the same function.
		Sarcosine oxidase catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to glycine.
		The enzyme is known in monomeric and heterotetrameric (alpha,beta,gamma,delta) forms, this represents the heterotetrameric form.
	pfam.janelia.org /cgi-bin/getdesc?acc=PF04267 (159 words)

	Clinical Trial: Sarcosine (N-Methylglycine) Monotherapy for Schizophrenia
		For example, sarcosine (N-methylglycine, a glycine transporter I inhibitor) showed therapeutic effects not only in chronically stable patients but also in acutely exacerbated ones when added-on to antipsychotics.
		In addition, sarcosine yields excellent safety profiles, in comparison to current antipsychotics.
		The aims of this project are to examine the efficacy and safety of sarcosine monotherapy for acutely-ill schizophrenic patients, and to compare the effects of 2 grams/day, effective dose, with 1 gram/day, ineffective lower dose.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00328276 (425 words)

	F. Scott Mathews Laboratory Website
		Hynson, R.M., Mathews, F.S. and Schuman Jorns, M. Identification of a stable flavin-thiolate adduct in heterotetrameric sarcosine oxidase.
		Chen, Z.W., Hassan-Abdulah, A., Zhao, G., Jorns, M.S. and Mathews, F.S. Heterotetrameric sarcosine oxidase: Structure of a diflavin metalloenzyme at 1.85 angstroms resolution.
		Monomeric sarcosine oxidase: structure of a covalently-flavinylated amine oxidizing enzyme.
	biochem.wustl.edu /~mathews (1392 words)

	Product Abstract: Tmg
		Dimethylglycine (DMG) and the chemically related amino acids glycine, sarcosine (monomethylglycine) and betaine (trimethylglycine) were tested in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 after treatment with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions using a modified Ames Salmonella/microsome assay as reported by Colman et al.
		Betaine, N,N-dimethylglycine and sarcosine were equipotent in decreasing the incidence of seizures and death, causing a 38 to 72 percent decrease in the incidence of seizures and death at a dosage of 5 mmole/kg.
		It is possible that such 'basal' sarcosine formation is due chiefly to endogenous choline synthesis, balanced by degradation, whereas the more responsive process of sarcosine formation may be due chiefly to methylation of glycine.
	www.lef.org /prod_hp/abstracts/php-ab112a.html (8200 words)

	e-Prints Soton - Products from the reaction of C(60)F(18)with sarcosine and aldehydes: the Prato reaction
		The main mono-addition product from the reaction with formaldehyde was also obtained from reactions with the other aldehydes, indicating that formaldehyde may be present in sarcosine, or generated from it through in situ oxidation by the fallerene.
		The main mono-addition product from reaction of C60F18 with toluene solutions of sarcosine and benzaldehyde was obtained also in the absence of benzaldehyde.
		This anomaly was traced to the presence of benzaldehyde (0.05%) in HPLC grade toluene, which may be increased by oxidation of toluene during the reaction conditions.
	eprints.soton.ac.uk /19870 (235 words)

	[No title]
		These sequences represent the gamma subunit of a family of known and putative heterotetrameric sarcosine oxidases.
		Five operons of such oxidases are found in Mesorhizobium loti and three in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a high enough copy number to suggest that not all members share the same function.
		Bacterial sarcosine oxidases have been isolated from over a dozen different organisms and fall into two major classes (1) monomeric form that contains only covalent flavin and (2) heterotetrameric (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) form that contain a covalent and noncovalent flavin, this entry represents the heterotetrameric form.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR006280 (171 words)

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