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Topic: Sardur I

	Urartu civilization - All About Turkey
		Sardur I was responsible for adding a tower to the fortress of Van, which was completed during his reign.
		After the death of Argishtish I, Sardur II came to the throne (760-730 B.C.), and it was during his reign that the Urartu state reached its greatest proportions.
		He was followed by Sardur IV, who reigned between 590-585 B.C. The Urartu were weakened by the constant raids of the Assyrians, Medes and Scythians.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /urartu.htm (734 words)

	Hotels in Turkey \| Hotels in Istanbul \| Blue Voyage Yachting and Cabin Charters \| Van
		During the reign of King Sardur II (760-730 B.C.) the Urartus took maximum advantage of the weakened condition of the Assyrians and their kingdom rose to the pinnacle of its power.
		The reign of Sardur II was a time not only of political supremacy for the Urartu kingdom but of cultural and artistic activity as well.
		The last recorded Urartu king was Sardur IV (590-580 B.C.) It was his misfortune to succumb to the invading Scythians who overthrew the Urartu kingdom and brought it to an end.
	www.exploreturkey.com /exptur.phtml?id=339 (1131 words)

	Toprak Home Page
		During the reigns of Sardur I and his successor Ishpuinis, (830 - 810 BC) the capital of Urartu was Van, which became steadily larger and more prosperous.
		After the death of Argishtish I, Sardur II came to the throne (760 - 730 BC), and it was during his reign that the Urartu state reached its greatest proportions.
		Rusas I was succeeded by his son Argishtish II (713 - 685 BC) after whom Rusas II (685 - 645 BC), Sardur III (645 - 625 BC), Erimena (625 - 605 BC), and Rusas III (605 - 590 BC) reigned in turn.
	web.deu.edu.tr /atiksu/turkiye/tarih04.html (738 words)

	Van (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		King Sardur the I. who faunded the Urartu State (840-830) made Van the capital city and had a fortress constructed.
		This fortress was 1800 meters long and 1200 meters wide, and he had the epitaph of foundation engraved on the tower of Sardur of the fortress.
		Sardur was succeeded by his son Ispiuni and following him, Menua took advantage of the weakness of the Asurian people at that time and had his territory extended towards upper Azerbaijan on the north and towards to the region of Tigris River on the south.
	www.seoultrd.com.tr /tour/van.htm (504 words)

	Urartian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		During Sardur I's reign and that of his successor Ishpuinis (830-810 B.C.) the kingdom was extended and its prosperity increased.
		Sardur II was so confident in his power that he erected a massive wall at Tushpa (Van) calling himself "t
		Rusas I was succeeded by his son Argishtish II (713-685 B.C.) after whom Rusas II (685-645 B.C.), Erimena (635-605 B.C.), Rusas III (605-590 B.C.), and Sardur IV (590-585 B.C.) reigned.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /WestCivI/urartian_history.htm (1786 words)

	Van, Turkey
		840 B.C. the Urartian ruler Sardur I built a citadel and the town of Tushpa, the capital of his empire, on the rocky outcrop.
		Sardur I is regarded as the founder of the empire when he established a new capital of Tushpa (Van Kalesi) by Lake Van in 840 B.C. The kingdom of Bian was later of course to become Van.
		Ishpuini's grandson Sardur II was responsible for creating cultural centers such as the great open-air Temple of Tushpa, but in 743 B.C., territory in northern Syria was lost to the Assyrians.
	www.planetware.com /turkey/van-tr-vn-v.htm (492 words)

	book recommendations by allaire mikháil - "Der König von Assur" by Jutta Ahrens
		His young, impetuous son Sardur is sent to Asarhaddon's court as his negotiator.
		With the death of his father, Sardur becomes the de-facto-king of Urartu and feels obliged to shake off the heavy hand of Assyria.
		The end is open when Asarhaddon and Sardur set off into the lands of the west, like medieval knights on a quest, to seek adventures and their future.
	www.skeeter63.org /~allaire/Book1.htm (1374 words)

	REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND TOURISM
		Sardur I (840-830 B.C) built Van Castle, which is the focal point of the city of Van (Tushpa).
		Sardur's son Ishpuli and his son, Menua, ruled between 825 and 815 B.C, considerably strengthening the state.
		King Menua had the Menua (Shamram) Canal built in about 800 B.C. The water of the Menua Canal comes from a spring in the valley of the Engil (Hoşap) Creek at an altitude of 1760 m.
	www.kultur.gov.tr /EN/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D3137A2395174CFB32E14DD5E5B420BA4967 (1213 words)

	Sardur Burcu (Madir Burcu), Van
		On the northeastern side of Van, under the citadel rock, the remains of the impressive harbor walls acquired the name "Sardur's Castle" in ignorance of their true function.
		At Tushpa, as at several other places around Lake Van, Sardur had a solid mole built of fl basalt blocks which were quarried from Alniunu near Gümüsdere 17km/10mi to the south.
		Unauthorized duplication in part or whole without prior written consent prohibited by law.
	www.planetware.com /van/sardur-burcu-madir-burcu-tr-vn-vtsb.htm (90 words)

	oonderer Hosap and Van Castles
		The most important of all is undoubtedly Van Castle, which was built in the year 834 BC by King Sardur I of Urartu.
		The northern side rests against steep slopes and to the south are rocky cliffs.
		In front of the north walls is an open air temple carved into the rock, and within the walls are a mosque, medrese, barracks and cisterns.
	www.geocities.com /oonderer_2000/historic/d14.html (395 words)

	History of Nagorno-Karabakh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jewelry has been found within the present confines of Nagorno-Karabakh inscribed with the cuneiform name of Adad-Nirari, King of Assyria (c.
		Also, near the village of Tsovk, an inscription of Sardur II, King of Urartu (763-734 BC), was found, referring to the region as "Urtekhini".
		It seems that the state of Mannae, based in the Urmia region, expanded as far as the Kura, and contested the region with Urartu beginning around 800 BC, until they were destroyed by the Medes in 616 BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Nagorno-Karabakh (2667 words)

	ARMENIAN HIGHLAND
		Van was established as an important center in the second millennium BC on an earlier settlement.
		The city began to grow after a number of important constructions were made by King Sardur I [835 - 825 BC].
		The defensive positions were manned by the military garrison of the city, armed militia and the royal guards led by Sardur II.
	www.armenianhighland.com /van/chronicle240.html (652 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Van! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Around the city teem herons, gulls and pelicans which feed on a special herring able to survive in water so thick with borax that inhabitants wash clothes without soap.
		Most noteworthy is Van Castle (Cavustepe), constructed by King Sardur II of Urartu and expanded by the Byzantines, Seljuks and Ottomans.
		Located atop a limestone rock 360 feet above the lake, this ancient citadel is honeycombed with tombs and caves and also with stairways carved into the stone that carried defenders and conquerors—like Tamerlane—to the crest of this strategic hill.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197302/van..htm (1253 words)

	A General History of the Near East, Chapter 3
		Urartu's power peaked under Sardur II (749-734), who persuaded the Aramaeans of Syria to transfer their allegiance to him.
		First an expedition to the south drove the Aramaeans away from Babylon and reminded the Babylonians that Assyria was still in charge.
		Then he charged to the west and defeated the Anatolian and Aramaean city-states in northern Syria, and their protector, Sardur II of Urartu, who fled ingloriously on a mare.
	xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neareast/ne03.html (8980 words)

	VAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The eastern part of lake Van where the city was located was used to be called Waini in Urartu language.
		The castle constructed in 9 BC at 80 m height from the lake by Urartian king Sardur the first was bearing the name Tuspa.
		One of the most remarkable structures around is the rock tomb of Argisti the first, outside which is a long inscription relating the events of his reign.
	www.armory.com /~turkiye/turkey/dogu/van.html (556 words)

	BUYUK URARTU OTELI
		Having a rigid foundation on the western side of the Mount Bol chain, the location is organized into two parts known as lower and upper castles.
		The Castle has been built by Sardur II, a historical Urartian King with Sardur meaning "The Great King", between 764 — 734 BC.
		The city is also referred to as "Sardurihinili" meaning "The City of the Great King" with reference to its early founder.
	www.buyukurartuotel.com /van_eng.htm (3007 words)

	Erebuni \| Armenia Travel \| TourArmenia \| Travel Guide to Armenia
		The real rise of the empire of Urartu is centered around three kings: Menuas, Argishti and Sardur I. Menuas in particular established the outlines of the empire, and organized the centralized administrative structure that enabled his son Argishti and grandson Sardur II to extend the empire to its furthest reaches.
		During his reign Menuas reached the northern spurs of Mount Ararat and reached the banks of the Arax River.
		He and his son, Sardur I expanded the empire as far as both shores of Lake Sevan, up to the edges of modern Georgia, incorporating most of the territory of the current Republic into its reaches.
	www.tacentral.com /erebuni/urartu.asp (1525 words)

	Urartu, Het Verloren Koninkrijk van de Vans
		Het koninkrijk Urartu werd verenigd/gesticht omstreeks 830 v.
		door Koning Sardur, inbegrepen de grondgebieden van de Nairi.
		De hoofdstad van Urartu was TUSHPA (het huidige Van) of ook Tospa, Shamiramashen of Yervandashen genoemd, is gelegen aan de kusten van de Nairi Zee (nu Van Zee genoemd).
	www.amarcord.be /georgia/urartu01.html (1644 words)

	Education World® - *History : Classical / Ancient : Near & Middle East : Turkey : General Resources
		Urartu - Lost Kingdom of Van Offers a history of the region drawn from the Urantia Book and furnishes photographs of the Zagros mountain range.
		Urartu Civilization Explores the history of the Urartu from its first rulers, Aramu (860 - 840 BC) and Sardur (840 - 830 BC).
		Van Describes the ancient city of Waini in Urartu and recounts the castle construction by King Sardur and the Tomb of Argisti.
	db.education-world.com /perl/browse?cat_id=11415 (379 words)

	The Museums of Ghazni: Sector de Cultura de la UNESCO
		As fighting increased in the 1980’s, the Museum of Islamic Art was closed.
		During the years of war that followed, the Mausoleum which housed the Museum of Islamic Art and the Buddhist site of Tapa Sardur which was the source of much of the Museum of Pre-Islamic Art’s collection were damaged.
		Now, nearly forty years after the opening of the Museum of Islamic Art, the Italian government, through its Funds-in-Trust contribution, is sponsoring the rehabilitation of these two museums.
	portal.unesco.org /culture/es/ev.php-URL_ID=25543&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html (336 words)

	Travel and tourism portal of Turkey. all hotels, tour operators, travel agencies, car-rentals, restaurants, cruises, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Cuneiform inscriptions on a statue based in one of the niches document the life and works of Menua, an important Urartian King.
		After visiting Van castle we continue to Cavustepe, the site of an Urartian Royal Palace, built between 764 and 735 BC by King Sardur II.
		Next stop is Hosap Castle, which was constructed at the behest of Sari Suleyman Mahmudi, a local Kurdish strong man, in the 1640s.
	www.jasminnetour.com /tours_east.htm (1033 words)

	Done Travel And Tourism / www.donetours.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		First we visit Hosap Castle, which was constructed at the behest of Sari Suleyman Mahmudi, a local man, in the 1640s.
		After Hosap Castle, we continue to Cavustepe, the site of an Urartian Royal Palace, built between 764 and 735 BC by King Sardur II.
		In the afternoon we visit Van Castle, which is 100m high and 300m wide at the base.
	www.donetours.com /en/index.php?p=turkey_tours_EasternTurkeyTour (1016 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		THE AILERON Craft: Modified Sardur HyperSails AR-4 Barion, "Aileron" Scale: Starfighter Type: Multipurpose Light Freighter Length: 53 meters Cost: ?
		When Lupin met his unfortunate fate in Eminara, the Aileron was abandoned in the old spaceport, where he had landed.
		It should also be noted that the substitution of the NiNin Dust for the gasses was the work of a true professional, and is almost undetectable.
	members.tripod.com /~kriegerv/starships/aileron.txt (198 words)

	BIBLICAL TURKEY \| Turkey \| Istanbul \| Ankara \| Cappadocia \| Tarsus \| Adana \| Antakya \| Urfa \| Adiyaman \| Nemrut \| ...
		After breakfast, enjoy a morning cruise on Lake Van towards the island of Akdamar with its 10th century church of the Holy Cross, now a museum, whose stone outer walls are richly carved with Old Testament scenes and figures.
		In the afternoon make a visit to the ancient Urartian settlement of Cavustepe built by King Sardur in 750 B.C. excavated in 1970; today you can see temples, a palace, a sacrificial altar and inscriptions.
		Continue to south to see the 17th century Hosap Castle.
	www.infohub.com /TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/9500.html (1019 words)

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