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Topic: Sarin

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Cyclosarin

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Binary chemical weapon

Chemical weapons

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Soman

Nerve agent

VE (nerve agent)

Chemical warfare

Poison gas

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	Sarin : Fact Sheet : New York City AWARE : NYC DOHMH
		Sarin is a man-made chemical warfare agent classified as a "nerve agent." Nerve agents are among the most deadly and fast-acting of the chemical warfare agents.
		Sarin was originally developed as an insecticide in 1938 in Germany.
		Sarin was used in two terrorist attacks in Japan in 1994 and 1995.
	www.nyc.gov /html/doh/html/bt/bt_fact_sarin.shtml (1131 words)

	USATODAY.com - Sarin-filled munitions in Iraq worry U.S. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sarin is a clear, colorless, and tasteless liquid that has no odor in its pure form.
		Sarin originally was developed in 1938 in Germany as a pesticide.
		Sarin works by preventing the proper operation of the chemical that acts as the body’s “off switch” for glands and muscles.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2004-05-17-sarin_x.htm (1053 words)

	CDC \| Facts About Sarin
		Sarin is a human-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent.
		The extent of poisoning caused by sarin depends on the amount of sarin to which a person was exposed, how the person was exposed, and the length of time of the exposure.
		Sarin is the most volatile of the nerve agents, which means that it can easily and quickly evaporate from a liquid into a vapor and spread into the environment.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/sarin/basics/facts.asp (1116 words)

	Sarin - Council on Foreign Relations
		Sarin is an extremely toxic substance that disrupts the nervous system, overstimulating muscles and vital organs.
		They note that sarin does not usually cause long-term illness, that the amounts released were too small to affect so many soldiers, and that none of the veterans suffered the acute symptoms usually associated with sarin exposure.
		Moreover, the sarin was disseminated poorly; the perpetrators left punctured packages of liquid sarin in subway cars and stations, which gave officials time to seal off the affected areas.
	cfrterrorism.org /weapons/sarin.html (858 words)

	Sarin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sarin, also known by its NATO designation of GB (O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a nerve agent.
		Sarin is similar in structure and biological activity to some commonly used insecticides, such as Malathion, and is similar in biological activity to carbamates used as insecticides such as Sevin, and medicines such as Mestinon, Neostigmine, and Antilirium.
		Sarin can be used as a binary chemical weapon; its two precursors are methylphosphonyl difluoride and a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and isopropyl amine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sarin (1718 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Medical notes \| Q&A: Sarin
		Sarin is one of a group of nerve gas agents invented by German scientists in the 1930s as part of Hitler's preparations for World War II.
		If exposed to sarin, it is important to strip off contaminated clothing as quickly as possible, and to wash exposed areas of the body with large amounts of soap and water.
		Although the Germans never released sarin in battle, it was used to lethal effect by Iraq during the 1980s both in the war against Iran and against the Kurds.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/medical_notes/q-s/2949568.stm (421 words)

	Sarin Nerve Gas
		Sarin is a G-agent and is not as persistent as some of the more modern nerve agents.
		In summary Sarin is very versatile as a weapon it can used in most arenas and can be delivered by a large range of methods depending on the situation and the amount required.
		Sarin agents that have penetrated into the skin therefore function as a reservoir which may further contribute to the poisoning also after completed decontamination.
	sc-ems.com /ems/NuclearBiologicalChemical/Sarin/sarin.htm (6029 words)

	The Agonist: Sarin Bogus?
		Shorter version: this device, an Iraqi binary weapon, probably didn't have sarin in it at all, and the alerts were to cyclohexanol.
		Sarin was also used in attacks on Iraqi civilians, most notably in the March, 1988 destruction of the Halabja, where civilian deaths caused by a cocktail of different agents have been estimated at 5000.
		Iraq mass produced sarin during the Iran-Iraq war with the expectation that it would be used quickly, and they therefore skipped several purification steps.
	www.agonist.org /archives/015755.html (355 words)

	Sarin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sarin was first produced by German scientists in 1938 ; although it was not used during the war, many have speculated that it could have given the Germans a decisive advantage.
		Sarin is a colourless, odourless gas with a lethal dose of just 0.5mg for an adult human (or 0.01mg/kg of body weight).
		Sarin possess the typical organophosphate characteristics of stability, high toxicity, and is an easily dispersed agent that acts extremely quickly when absorbed through the skin or inhaled.
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=25 (352 words)

	sarin
		Sarin is rapidly absorbed through the skin, but vaporized sarin is mainly absorbed through the respiratory tract and conjunctiva.
		Sarin was developed by Nazi scientists in Germany in the 1930s.
		In that attack, sarin was transported as a liquid, in packages that resembled lunch boxes or bottled drinks.
	www.muni.org /aware/sarin.cfm (494 words)

	Sarin - DisasterMart.com
		Sarin mixes easily with water, so it could be used to poison water.
		Because sarin breaks down slowly in the body, people who are repeatedly exposed to sarin may suffer more harmful health effects.
		Recovery from sarin exposure is possible with treatment, but the antidotes available must be used quickly to be effective.
	disastermart.com /sarin.html (1067 words)

	Health: Sarin Fact Sheet
		Sarin is a man-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent.
		The extent of poisoning that sarin causes depends on three factors: (1) the amount of sarin to which they were exposed, (2) how they were exposed, and (3) the how long the exposure lasted.
		Sarin vapor is heavier than air, so it would be more likely to settle in low-lying areas.
	www.dsf.health.state.pa.us /health/cwp/view.asp?a=171&q=233761 (937 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Middle East / Sarin nerve agent bomb explodes in Iraq (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		No one was wounded in the partial blast Saturday, and the dispersal of sarin from the bomb was very limited, the military said.
		In Washington, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld cautioned that the sarin results were from a field test, which can be imperfect and more analysis needed to be done.
		While the finding an artillery shell designed to disperse the nerve gas sarin is notable, it would take an arsenal of such weapons to pose a meaningful military threat, arms policy experts said.
	www.boston.com /news/world/middleeast/articles/2004/05/17/sarin_nerve_agent_bomb_explodes_in_iraq?pg=full (1133 words)

	Arun Sarin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sarin graduated from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur with a BS in Engineering in 1975.
		Sarin was appointed at a time when the investment community wanted Vodafone to concentrate on managing its businesses efficiently and returning cash to shareholders, after its dramatic takeover driven expansion between 1999 and 2002.
		Sarin has also served as a director of The Gap, Inc., The Charles Schwab Corporation and Cisco Systems, Inc. in the United States, and has recently been appointed as a non-executive director of the Court of the Bank of England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arun_Sarin (353 words)

	Diamond Grading & Gemology Tools - Sarin
		Sarin Technologies is a worldwide leader in the development and manufacturing of advanced planning, evaluation, and measurement systems for diamond grading & gemstone production.
		Sarin products include diamond cut grading tools (for round and fancy shapes), rough diamond optimization systems, gemology tools, diamond color grading, and laser marking machines.
		Sarin systems have become an essential tool in every gemology laboratory and manufacturing plant, and a must for diamond dealers and retailers.
	www.sarin.com (276 words)

	Effects of Sarin on the Nervous System in Rescue Team Staff Members and Police Officers 3 Years after the Tokyo Subway ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		To clarify the chronic effects of sarin on the nervous system, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted 3 years after the Tokyo subway sarin attack.
		Sarin is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor and has been used as a strong military nerve gas.
		Therefore, to clarify the chronic physical and psychiatric effects of sarin, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study was conducted 2 years and 10 months to 3 years and 9 months after the sarin attack on the rescue team staff members and police officers involved in the disaster.
	ehponline.org /members/2001/109p1169-1173nishiwaki/nishiwaki-full.html (3770 words)

	Rainbow Pediatrics Knowledgebase: What is Sarin Gas? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The chemical formula for Sarin gas was forwarded to the Chemical warfare division of the German army at a Berlin-Spandau office during June 1939.
		Sarin gas was on full-scale production during that period time when Adolf Hitler was in power in Nazi Germany.
		The latest use of Sarin was in the nerve gas attack of a Tokyo subway by the Aum Shinrikyo cult in 1995.
	www.rainbowpediatrics.net /faq/24.12.html (230 words)

	Chemistry of GB (Sarin) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sarin was discovered in Germany in 1938 by a team led by Dr. Gerhard Schrader.
		Large-scale combat use of Sarin has not occurred, although its use is strongly suspected in an Iraqi attack on the village of Birjinni on 25 August 1988 (samples collected from the site four years later showed the expected breakdown products of Sarin).
		Sarin was produced and stockpiled in large quantities by both the United States and the Soviet Union.
	www.mitretek.org /ChemistryOfGBSarin.htm (916 words)

	Sarin-loaded bomb explodes in Iraq - Conflict in Iraq - MSNBC.com
		Because the old “binary-type” artillery shell requires the mixing of two chemical components in separate sections of the cell to produce the sarin, it is likely that the insurgents who rigged it as a roadside bomb were unaware that it contained chemicals for producing the nerve agent rather than explosives, Kimmitt said.
		He said it was likely the sarin gas used could have been from a leftover shell found in a chemical dump.
		The accounting for sarin was one of a dozen remaining disarmament tasks that inspectors submitted to the U.N. Security Council in March 2003, said Ewen Buchanan, a spokesman for the U.N. inspectors.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/4997808 (1412 words)

	FOXNews.com - Fast Facts: Sarin - U.S. & World
		Sarin (search) is a colorless and odorless gas and is lethal in doses as small as.5 milligrams.
		Sarin emits very toxic fumes of fluoride and phosphorus oxides when heated to decomposition or reacted with steam.
		Saddam Hussein used sarin along with mustard gas on the Kurds in northern Iraq during Anfal and in 1988 in Halabja.
	www.foxnews.com /story/0,2933,76856,00.html (911 words)

	Iraq sarin shell is not part of a secret cache \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Determining whether the discovery of the sarin artillery shell represents such an archaeological discovery, or is part of Saddam Hussein's alleged stockpile of WMD, rests with a full forensic exam of the shell.
		The key to whether the sarin artillery round came from an arms cache or was a derelict dud rests in the physical characteristics of the shell.
		The handling of the sarin shell incident is the greatest justification yet for shutting down the ISG, and the immediate return to Iraq of UN weapons inspectors - if for no other reason than to restore a vestige of credibility to a disarmament effort that long ago lost its moral compass.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0521/p09s01-coop.html (1019 words)

	Sarin Gas in Iraq... \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sarin is a particularly nasty one too that has been previously used by terrorists.
		The components of sarin are DF 2 and the alcohols cyclohexanol and isoproponal.
		Sarin is pretty nasty stuff, antidote or no, and is considered a WMD for very good reasons.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/33145 (5063 words)

	USATODAY.com - Tests confirm sarin gas in Baghdad bomb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The determination, made by a laboratory in the United States that the official would not identify, verifies what earlier, less-thorough field tests had found: the bomb was made from an artillery shell designed to disperse the deadly nerve agent on the battlefield.
		When the round is fired from an artillery gun, its rotation mixes the chemicals to create sarin, which is supposed to disperse when the shell strikes its target.
		Since it was not fired from a gun but was detonated as a bomb, the initial explosion on May 15 dispersed the precursor chemicals, apparently mixing them in only small amounts, officials said then.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/iraq/2004-05-25-iraq-sarin_x.htm (526 words)

	C&EN: LATEST NEWS - LAB TESTS CONFIRM SARIN IN IRAQI SHELL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Also known as GB, sarin is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor and bears the chemical name O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate.
		Initial field tests using an improved version of the Army’s Chemical Agent Monitor (CAM) and M8 detector paper indicated the presence of sarin in the 155-mm artillery shell that was rigged as a bomb.
		In a binary system, sarin is formed when methylphosphonyl difluoride, or DF, and isopropanol mix after the artillery shell is fired.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/news/8224/8224notw8.html (303 words)

	Bioterror Agent Sarin Causes Long-Term Genetic Da - Health and Medical Information produced by doctors - MedicineNet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 1995, subway riders in Tokyo were exposed to sarin during a terrorist attack, and many veterans of the Gulf War were exposed to low levels of sarin during the destruction of Iraq's chemical arsenal.
		Three months after the rats were exposed to sarin, 38 genes in their brains remained altered.
		This suggests that the effects of sarin in humans are widespread and long-lasting.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=60523 (415 words)

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