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	Sarvastivada
		The Sarvastivada school of Buddhist Philosophy is a contraction of the Sanskrit "Sarvam asti", meaning "All of them exist" --a reference to one of the distinguishing doctrines of the school, the existence of dharmas in all of "the three times" (past, present, and future).
		Among the defining canonical texts composed by the Sarvastivada was the Maha-vaibhasa-abhidharma-shastra, traditionally considered a systematization of the spoken teachings of Gautama Buddha.
		Among the critics of the Sarvastivada was Nagarjuna, who completely repudiated their interpretation of the Buddha's teaching as implying atom-like unities at the basis of visible phenomena, and many of the other features of their philosophy, such as a complex theory of causality and (as mentioned) time.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/s/sa/sarvastivada.html (346 words)

	Sarvastivada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sarvastivada (roughly, "Proclaiming that all exist") --a reference to one of the distinguishing doctrines of the school, the existence of dharmas in all of "the three times" (past, present, and future).
		Thus, their importance to modern scholars may be greater than their share of popular adherents had been.
		Ironically it was Vasubandhu, one of Nagarjuna's followers, who put the Sarvastivada philosophy into the form in which it is most read (and used) in Buddhist religious practice today: the Abhidharma-kosa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sarvastivada (328 words)

	Online edition of Daily News - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since our idea of the void is due to the environing matter, and since all matter, from the point of view of the elemental analysis, depends on the primary elements, the space-element, too, can be said to depend on them.
		In the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, too, we find its counterpart, also referred to as akasadhatu, but in this system its inclusion in matter is due to another reason: The space-element is either light (aloka) or darkness (tamas) and therefore it is included in the objective sense-field of the visible (rupayatana).
		In view of these characteristics, in the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, space is elevated to the level of an unconditioned dharma and in this sense it is on a par with pratisamkhya- and apratisamkhya-nirodha.
	www.dailynews.lk /2003/08/11/fea01.html (2624 words)

	The Berzin Archives - Historical Sketch of Buddhism and Islam in Afghanistan
		Subsequently, Sarvastivada came to the southeastern part of Afghanistan as well.
		From the strong interaction between Greek and Indian cultures that followed, Hellenistic styles strongly influenced Buddhist art, particularly its representation of the human form and the drape of robes.
		Sarvastivada remained the predominant Buddhist tradition of Nagarahara and northern Bactria.
	www.berzinarchives.com /islam/history_afghanistan_buddhism.html (5651 words)

	Buddhist Scriptures: The Canon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Besides this Pali recension of the Sthaviravada school there are fragmentary texts of the Sarvastivada or of the Mulasarvastivada which are preserved in Sanskrit.
		But a more complete collection of the Sarvastivada recension (perhaps also of the Dharmapuptaka and Kasyapiya), i.e., a Sanskrit Canon, must have possibly existed as is evident from the Chinese translations preserved to us.
		Thus what could be referred to as a Sarvastivada Canon ranges between fragments of texts preserved in Sanskrit and the more representative collection of the Tripitaka preserved in Chinese.
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/history/s_canon.htm (680 words)

	Definitions \| Mula-Sarvaastivaada
		After the Parinirvana of the Buddha, his Sangha is said to have split into eighteen schools, three of which are significant: the Sthavira (P. Theravada), the Sarvastivada, and the Mahasanghika.
		It is within the Sarvastivada School that the Mulasarvastivada School was formed.
		The Avadana literature of the Sarvastivada School seems to have based on the Vinaya of the Mulasarvastivada School, which is found in Tibetan translation.
	repository0.tripod.com /mula_sarvastivada.html (87 words)

	Lalitavistara
		Apart from being a biography of Buddha, originally of the Sarvastivada School of the Hinayana sect, it throws a considerable light also on the social and cultural history of India during the early centuries of the Christian era.
		In other words, it was originally a Sarvastivada text, which was later on expanded and embellished with Mahayana ideas laying emphasis on Buddha's superhuman character and miraculous deeds.
		The other Mahayana a texts known as a Vaipulya suytras are: The Ashtasahasrika Prajnaparamita the Saddharma pundarika, the Lankavatara, the Suvarnaprabhasa, the Gandavyuha, the Tathagataguhyaka or Tathagata-guna-jnana, the Samadhiraja and the Dasabhumishvara, Though the Lalitavistara belonged to the transition between the Hinayana and the Mahayana.
	www.ibiblio.org /radha/rpub007.htm (1152 words)

	Dharma Fellowship: Library - Yogacara Theory - Part One: Background History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Historical evidence traces the spread of the Sarvastivada Order westward from Sindh and the Punjab into Afghanistan, undoubtedly as a result of imperial patronage, particularly during Kanishka's reign.
		Vasubandhu was trained in the orthodox Sarvastivada Order of Buddhism, which had its seat at Kausambhi (near modern Allahabad, in the centre of India) during the 2nd, 3rd and 4th centuries AD.
		The former is an exponent of the Vaibhasika (i.e., abhidharma) teachings of the Sarvastivada school, while the latter was an exponent of the Sautrantika.
	www.dharmafellowship.org /library/essays/yogacara-part1.htm (3598 words)

	Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism: Sarvastivada school
		It holds that since living beings are formed by a temporary union of the five components there is no real or permanent self, but that the dharmas, or elements of existence that compose the living being, are real and have their own existence throughout the past, present, and future.
		The Dharma Analysis Treasury, however, departs from the traditional Sarvastivada position and interprets the school's doctrine more broadly, drawing on the views of other schools, particularly the Sautrantika.
		The Sarvastivada school gave rise to a total of nine other schools.
	www.sgi-usa.org /buddhism/library/sgdb/lexicon.cgi?tid=744 (262 words)

	Online edition of Daily News - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		During the time of Emperor Kanishka, a Buddhist Council was held by the Sarvastivadins in the city of Jalandhara in Kashmere, and the main accomplishment of this Council was the compilation of a comprehensive commentary to the canonical Abhidharma texts.
		The Sarvastivada School produced an array of celebrated scholar monks and a vast literature mainly consisting of commentaries and compendiums.
		It was his doctoral thesis submitted for the award of Ph.D. This book has been hailed by a number of modern scholars as a major contribution to comparative studies on the many versions of the Dharmapada, preserved in a number of classical languages.
	www.dailynews.lk /2003/05/23/fea06.html (1726 words)

	Sarvastivada -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		A fundamental concept in Buddhist metaphysics is the assumption of the existence of dharmas, cosmic factors and events that combine momentarily under the influence of a person's past deeds to form a person's life flux, which he considers his personality and career.
		His conversion from the Sarvastivada to the Mahayana Buddhist tradition is attributed to Asanga.
		Vasubandhu refined classical Indian syllogistic logic by distinguishing the procedure for reaching inferences in formal debate (five steps) from the method in personal thought (three steps).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9065818 (336 words)

	The Abhidharma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although here is a physical deed, which according to the Sarvastivada lore must have created an 'avijñapti' of killing, nevertheless there was no 'appropriation' (prapti) of it, since Chakkhupala's state of arhatship precluded any thought or intention of death.
		It will thereby be helpful to look at the matter from three angles: (1) that of volition and fruition, (2) that of the five substrates (or groups of grasping), (3) that of will and space.
		Therefore, in speaking about the Sarvastivada, we have chosen for the word 'force' as translation of 'samskara' rather than for 'volition' or '`inclination.' Not everything is here a function of volition.
	home.uni-one.nl /olive.press/abhi.htm (4649 words)

	Chapter Seven
		While the Chinese Tripitaka has an especially large collection of the work of the Sarvastivada school, it also possesses the Abhidharma work of practically all sects.
		i) The Samgitiparyaya, the Dharmaskandha, the Prajnapti, the Vijnanakaya, the Dhatukaya, the Prakaranapada, the Jnanaprasthana, the Mahavibhasa, the Abhidharma-hrdaya -vyakhya, the Abhiraharmananyanyanusara and the Abhidharmasamayapradipika Sastras of the Sarvastivada school.
		All these treasures of the Abhidharma may be found in the Chinese Tripitaka.
	members.tripod.com /triple_gem/id7.html (1374 words)

	PHIL 320 Handout 15: Sarvastivada
		Sarvastivada provides an analysis of the Abhidharma literature of early Buddhism.
		There are no Sarvastivadins today; the importance of the school is that Madhyamaka and Yogacara developed their views by attempting to refute Sarvastivada.
		The Sarvastivada argument is that unless the nature of an object were change and cessation, no outside force could alter it or bring about its demise.
	www.calpoly.edu /~jlynch/307091.htm (824 words)

	Vasubandhu [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Vasubandhu entered the Sarvastivada order, and studied primarily the scholastic system of the Vaibhashikas.
		One major point that created bad blood between the Vaibhashikas and the Sautrantikas was concerning the status and nature of the dharmas.
		Refutation of Vaisheshika and Samkhya theories had been presented by Vasubandhu already in the Abhidharmakosha, but it was perhaps from this point onward that Vasubandhu was regarded as a philosopher whose views could not be lightly challenged.
	www.iep.utm.edu /v/vasubandhu.htm (3963 words)

	The Doctrine of Svabhava or Svabhavata and the Questions of Anatman and Shunyata by David Reigle
		The Sarvastivada position seems to be that the svabhava of a dharma is eternal, although an independently existing entity (bhava) is not eternal.
		In this manner the old Sarvastivada teaching of svabhava as eternal, taken to refer to the individual dharmas, was superseded.
		The teaching of the eternal element or dhatu as the basis of all the dharmas, allowing the possibility of seeing in it a single eternal svabhava, was taken differently by different schools.
	www.blavatskyarchives.com /reigle01.html (9175 words)

	Buddhist Himalaya 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is mainly studies based on the Sarvastivada Abhidharama that has given currency to this incorrect interpretation.
		In the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, on the other hand, matter is defined as that which has the characteristic of pratigha_ta.
		Pratighata is resistance or impenetrability, which characteristic matter comes to possess due to its expansion or occupation in space (yad desam a_vrnoti):[40] “Where there is one object with the characteristic of pratigha_ta, there cannot be (at the same time) another object which (also) has the characteristic of pratigha_ta” (yatraikam sapratigham vastu tatra dvitiyasyotpattir na bhavati).
	www.nagarjunainstitute.com /buddhisthim/abhidharma.htm (12784 words)

	The Dhamma Theory
		Both the Theravada and the Sarvastivada, the two major conservative schools in the early Sangha, had their own Abhidhamma’s, each based on a distinct Abhidhamma Pitaka.
		The Dhamma theory was not peculiar to any one school of Buddhism but penetrated all the early schools, stimulating the growth of their different versions of the Abhidhamma.
		The Sarvastivada version of the theory, together with its critique by the Madhyamikas, has been critically studied by a number of modern scholars.
	www.buddhistinformation.com /dhamma_theory.htm (11513 words)

	The XIV Conference of the International Association of Buddhist Studies - London 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The first three stages namely bhava?ga, bhava?a-calana and bhava?ga-vicchada are the preliminaries, which involve three thought moments and the fourteen times of arising of consciousness (citta) contain fourteen thought moments, making altogether seventeen thought moments to complete full course of cognition at five door of senses.
		The Sarvastivada Abhidharma also contributed to a theory of direct perception by accepting the conception of a static moment.
		Harivarman's Tattvasiddhi or Perfection of Truth is a compendium of the doctrines of abhidharma similar to the H?daya-treatises of Sarvastivada*, or to the Abhidharmakosa.
	www.soas.ac.uk /Religions/iabs2005/section_abstracts.htm (14203 words)

	Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism: Great Commentary on the Abhidharma, The
		This two-hundred-volume work is a commentary on Katyayaniputra's Treatise on the Source of Wisdom, the basic doctrinal text of the Sarvastivada school, and was translated into Chinese by Hsüan-tsang in the mid-seventh century.
		It serves as a record of the doctrinal development of the Sarvastivada school from the time of the writing of The Treatise on the Source of Wisdom.
		This work systematized the Sarvastivada doctrine; however, because it was so voluminous, it later prompted the compilation of a condensed version, The Heart of the Abhidharma.
	www.sgi-usa.org /buddhism/library/sgdb/lexicon.cgi?tid=2578 (251 words)

	Buddhist Scriptures: First Rehearsal of the Tipitaka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Mahisasaka version makes no mention of a third Pitaka.The Sarvastivada and Dharmaguptaka Vinayas on the other hand have Ananda reciting the Abhidhamma as well as the Sutra.
		A later text of the Sarvastivada School, the Asokavadana states that Kasyapa recited the Matrka or Matrka Pitaka (two versions of the text).
		The same tradition is found in the Vinaya of the Mula Sarvastivada School, a late offshoot of the Sarvastivada which thoroughly revised and enlarged its Tipitaka.
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/history/s_collect.htm (1377 words)

	Abhidhamma Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Within the Theravada tradition, the prominance of the Abhidhamma has varied considerably from country to country, with mainland Southeast Asia placing the least emphasis on the study of the Abhidhamma and Sri Lanka the most.
		The Sarvastivada Abhidharma also consists of seven texts.
		However, comparison of the content of the Sarvastivada texts with that of the Theravada Abhidhamma reveals that it is unlikely that this indicates that one textual tradition originated from the other.
	www.texanartists.com /encyclopedia/Abhidhamma (1159 words)

	Adherents.com
		"Buddhism in Cambodia: This region was in contact with a Sanskrit tradition of Buddhism in the 3rd century C.E., probably that of the Sarvastivada school, which reached its zenith in the 5th and 6th centuries.
		Activity of the Theravada and that of another school (probably the Sarvastivada)...
		Two other schools that splintered from the Sthaviras are the Sarvastivada, out of which, around 150 B.C.E., came the Sautrantikas, and the Vibhajyavadins, who see themselves as orthodox Sthaviras.
	www.adherents.com /Na/Na_581.html (3554 words)

	philosophy nagarjuna
		It is by means of original data that he systematizes the pre-Mahayana and Mahayana themes and that he refutes the propositions characteristic for the Sarvastivada and Sautrantika-schools.
		in the Sarvastivada school with its leaning towards scholasticism.
		Also, through relativating philosophical and even soteriological concepts (ideas) he has opened, from an originally a-metaphysical Buddhism, a way towards a wider - and in a certain sense even a metaphysical - research, even towards a so-called horizontal mysticism.
	www.akshin.net /philosophy_6.htm (2641 words)

	Sarvastivada -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Sarvastivada -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The Sarvastivada school was particularly influential in northwestern India and portions of Southeast Asia.
		"Sarvastivada." Britannica Concise Encyclopedia from Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9377790 (351 words)

	Buddhism in a Nutshell - Chap 55 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Another translated text was done by Hsuan-tsang in Tang Dynasty.
		Before Vasubandhu was converted to Mahayana by his brother Asanga, he was an ordained monk of Sarvastivada school.
		The Abhidharma-kosha was actually an outline of the philosophy of a group of Sarvastivada scholars.
	www.buddhistdoor.com /bdoor/0206/sources/teach55.htm (324 words)

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