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Topic: Sauraseni

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	arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh/India
		Sauraseni was possibly the polite language and was used for literary purposes.
		Vidyapati, the Maithili poet of 1400, wrote in his native Maithili as in Avahatta or Apabharasta.
		Which is only a late form of Sauraseni Apabhamsa.
	sos-arsenic.net /english/intro/bangla.html (1067 words)

	PRAKRIT (prakrta, natural) - Online Information article about PRAKRIT (prakrta, natural) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Moreover, both being sprung from the same original—the Primary Prakrit of the Midland—its vocabulary, making allowances for phonetic changes, is the same as in that language.
		We have a detailed description of only one Apabhrarhfa —the Nagara—the Apabhramsa of the Sauraseni spoken in the neighbourhood of Gujarat, and therefore somewhat mixed with Maharastri.
		We may, however, conclude that there was an Apabhrarhfa corresponding to each Prakrit, so that we have, in addition to Saurasena, a Magadha, an Ardhamagadha and a Maharastra Apabhra h.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /POL_PRE/PRAKRIT_prakrta_natural_.html (2392 words)

	Bishnupriya Manipuri Language: source and origin
		The Bishnupriya Manipuri language is highly influenced by the Sanskrit and Maharastri as well as Sauraseni Prakrits, though some words of the Hindi language of Northern India, some demoting terms of Meitei and Assamese language and a little influence of Benignly language are incorporated in the BPM language.
		Like Mahararstri and Sauraseni Prakrits, there are maximum uses og 'H' sound in the places of aspirates and sibilants in the BPM language of course the voiced sounds are heard sometimes same as Sanskrit sounds and as respective voiced tenues.
		In fact, BPM traces its origin to the Sauraseni -Maharastri Prakrit that is more Sanskritic than the Magadhi Prakrit and the superficial of the Magadhi Apabhramgsa on it is simply the resultant of the local Give and take principle due to long neighbored associations.
	www.manipuri.freeservers.com /bpm.html (4051 words)

	esamskriti- Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Classical Sanskrit evolved from the Vedic is the main source of P vocabulary and Sauraseni Prakrit is nearest to Classical Sanskrit.
		It was Sauraseni Apabhramsa that gave birth to P and was also the mother of the saint's language, known as sant-bhasa.
		In both poetical and prose works of P literature, the standard literary medium is the dialect known as Majhi, though the influence of other dialects is also found.
	www.esamskriti.com /html/new_inside.asp?cat_name=cultphil&cid=523&sid=9003 (348 words)

	arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh/India
		Sauraseni was possibly the polite language and was used for literary purposes.
		Vidyapati, the Maithili poet of 1400, wrote in his native Maithili as in Avahatta or Apabharasta.
		Which is only a late form of Sauraseni Apabhamsa.
	www.sos-arsenic.net /english/intro/bangla.html (1067 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - India: Background
		Sanskrit, Sauraseni Prakrit, and then Sauraseni Apabhramsa served as languages of interregional communication from early times until the Muslim invasions in north India in the 13th Century.
		At this time, Persian became the court language while Sauraseni Apabhramsa continued to be used as an official language.
		Beginning with the Moghul emperor Akbar’s reign, Persian was used as the official language and over time gained such prestige that it enjoyed continued use as the official language in north India even after the end of Muslim rule.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=54&TID=2 (749 words)

	[No title]
		Sauraseni Prakrit was the colloquial language of the soldiers and the people of Kuru Panchal and Matsyadesa including Hastinapura Indraprastha etc. Dr.
		However, the Bishnupriya Manipuri language is certainly not one of the Tibeto-Burman languages, but is closer to the Indo-Aryan group of languages with remarkable influence from Meitei both grammatically and phonetically.
		The Sauraseni-Maharastri relation is evident from the fact that it has retained the dominant characteristics of the Sauraseni and Maharastri pronouns (declensional and conjugational endings are the most stable elements of a language; they undergo changes very slowly).
	www.tripurain.org /wiki-Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language (2602 words)

	Marathi language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Satavahana empire based at Pratishthana (now Paithan) in the first few centuries CE used Maharashtri as its official language.
		Maharashtri became the most widespread Prakrit of its time, and also pre-dominated amongst the three "Dramatic" Prakrits (Maharashtri, Sauraseni and Magadhi).
		A version of Maharashtri (Jaina Maharashtri) served to write part of the Jain canon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Marathi_language (1092 words)

	Manipur: The Land of Jewels
		Their view is that, Meiteis and Meitei language is of kuki-chin origin and a kuki-chin group language group cannot be related with the people and language of epic Mahabharata.
		They hold that BPM is highly influenced by the Sanskrit and Maharastri as well as Sauraseni Prakrits that is colloquial language of the soldiers and the people of Kuru Panchaya and Mathsadesh including Hastina Indraprastha
		Sauraseni Prakrit colloquial language of the soldiers and the people of Kuru Panchaya and Mathsadesh including Hastina Indraprastha etc. All the characteristics of Mahararstri and Sauraseni Prakrits are exactly found in the BPM.
	manipurinfo.tripod.com (6338 words)

	PRAKRIT - LoveToKnow Article on PRAKRIT (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Here there were also speakers of Paifci (see I1mo-ARYAN LANGUAGES), and the local Prakrit, if we are to judge from the modern Tertiary vernacular, was a mixed form of speech.
		We have a detailed description of only one Apabhrantia the Nagarathe Apabhrathia of the Sauraseni spoken in the neighborhood of Gujarat, and therefore somewhat mixed with MaharastrI.
		We may, however, conclude that there was an A pab/lrath~a corresponding to each Prakrit, so that we have, in addition to Saurasna, a Magadha, an Ardhamagadha and a Maharastra Apabhra~h.ta.
	80.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PR/PRAKRIT.htm (5500 words)

	Complete Discussion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sauraseni Prakrit as current in Western U.P. and parts of Eastern Punjab as well as of Rajasthan.
		But before the 14th century it was highly influenced by the Sauraseni Apabhramsa.
		Oldest Hindi Mystico - Devotional Poetry - The padas and vanis of Gorakh Natha 1150, the great Natha Pantha teacher, and other contemporary Yogis preaching the philosophy and practice of hatha-yoga are also ascribed to this period.
	www.ebhagnari.com /MessageBoardApp/CompleteDiscussion.asp?MsgId=287 (689 words)

	MP - Brief History of Urdu Poetry
		When Delhi was the seat of the Muslim Empire in the late 12th century, the languages around Delhi, mainly Brij Bhasha and Sauraseni became heavily mixed with Persian, the lingua franca of the Muslim rulers.
		Whereas much of the vocabulary of the original languages (Sauraseni, for example) changed, the basic grammar structure remained intact.
		In the 13th century, the language of India became widely known as Hindvi, Hindi, and Brij Bhasha and was written in the original devanagri script [the Sanskrit script].
	www.muziqpakistan.com /board/index.php?showtopic=4917 (3024 words)

	GUJARATI - Online Information article about GUJARATI (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It was known as the Nagara Apabhramsa, closely connected (as above explained) with Sauraseni, and was so named after the Nagara Brahmans of the locality.
		In other respects both G. and R. closely agree in their phonetical systems with the Apabhrarii§a.
		form of Sauraseni Prakrit from which the Midland language is derived.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GUI_HAN/GUJARATI.html (3467 words)

	Sauraseni - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Over $90,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August.
		A Dramatic Prakrit, Sauraseni was the chief language of northern medieval India, evolving into the Hindi language complex and Punjabi.
		This page was last modified 20:42, 5 July 2005.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sauraseni (67 words)

	Introduction to Prakrit
		It presents a general view of the subject with special stress on Sauraseni and Maharastri Prakrit system.
		Part I consists of I-XI Chapters which deal with the three periods of Indo-Aryan speech, the three stages of the Middle Period, the literary and spoken Prakrits, their classification and characteristics, their system of Single and Compound Consonants, Vowels, Sandhi, Declension, Conjugation and their history of literature.
		Part II consists of a number of extracts from Sanskrit and Prakrit literature which illustrate different types of Prakrit - Sauraseni, Maharastri, Magadhi, Ardhamagadhi, Avanti, Apabhramsa, etc., most of which are translated into English.
	www.exoticindiaart.com /book/details/IDD562 (419 words)

	Book.ie - Introduction To Prakrit ($58.9 USD, £32.65 GBP) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first portion of the book provides the basic introduction to what languages and literature is considered Prakrit, the phonetics of Prakrits, and the fundamental grammar.
		The second portion provides texts to read in Sauraseni, Maharastri, Jain Maharastri, Ardha-Magadhi, Magadhi, Avanti, Bhasa, Pali, etc. There is an adequate but not great index supplied.
		For anyone interested in reading classical Indian drama or Jain scripture and philosophy, this is a must have text and reference.
	www.webtropy.com /book/book.aspx?Introduction+To+Prakrit (83 words)

	[No title]
		Connected specimens of B literature are found in the fifty Charyapadas which were discovered in Nepal.
		Shashtri its founder published these in old B along with specimens of Apabhramsa (Sauraseni or Western Apabhramsa — Incidentally Punjabi derived out of a Sauraseni Apabhramsa around 1300 a.d.) literature obtained from Nepal.
		The 47 songs found in this work alone have a claim to be regarded as old B while the rest of the work is in Western Apabhramsa.
	www.esamskriti.com /html/cultphil/bengali.doc (8199 words)

	Indo-Aryan Languages
		Marathi and Vidarbhi are the languages directly derived from the Deccani Vibhasa with minimal external influences.
		Old Gujarati was known as Sauraseni, and was later displaced by Gujjari (Khazari or Middle Gujarati).
		The area of Marwar was known as Avanti in ancient days, and with the Scythian invasions, east Avanti was taken over by the Malava Saka tribe, while the western part remained Aryan and came to be know as Marudesa, and later as Marwar.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/1335/Lang/prakrit.html (3044 words)

	India (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A variant during this period was Kharosti, used only in northwestern India and derived from the Aramaic of western Asia.
		The most commonly spoken languages were Prakrit, which had its local variations in Sauraseni (from which Pali evolved), and Magadhi, in which the Buddha preached.
		Sanskrit, the more cultured language as compared to Prakrit, was favoured by the educated elite.
	www.kat.gr /kat/history/Ancient/India2.htm (5408 words)

	Bishnupriya Manipuri Literature
		However, later a great majority of speakers field away from Manipur and took refuge in Assam, Tripura, Sylhet and Cachar during eighteen and nineteenth century due to internal conflicts among the prices of Manipur and due to Burmese attack.
		The Bishnupriya Manipuri language(also known as BPM, Imarthar or BM) is highly influenced by the Sanskrit and Maharastri as well as Sauraseni Prakrits, though some words of the Hindi language of Northern India, some demoting terms of Meitei and Assamese language and a little influence of Benignly language are incorporated in the BM language.
		Written documents of Bishnupriya Manipuri literatures of older periods are unavailable, because records and historical books including literatures had been destroyed and efforts had been made to destroy the history of Manipur and Manipuris.
	manipuri.htmlplanet.com (478 words)

	Dead Sanskrit was Always Dead. [ How Sanskrit was never spoken in India and was restricted to the Brahmins ] The ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Braj buli (the language of Krishna and Matsyi (the precursor of Sauraseni).
		In this regard the origin of Sanskrit is exactly analogous to that of Old Church Slavonic.
		\ Kanauji Sauraseni Gandhari Magadhi Vangi / (extinct)
	www.dalitstan.org /books/a_sans/a_sans1.html (3156 words)

	Introduction to Prakrit by Alfred C. Woolner at Vedic Books
		Introduction to Prakrit provides the reader with a guide for the more attentive and scholarly study of Prakrit occurring in Sanskrit plays, poetry and prose--both literary and inscriptional.
		It presents a general view of the subject with special stress on Sauraseni and Maharastri Prakrit system.
		Part I consists of I-XI Chapters which deal with the three periods of Indo-Aryan speech, the three stages of the Middle Period, the literary and spoken Prakrits, their classification and characteristics, their system of Single and Compound Consonants, Vowels, Sandhi, Declension, Conjugation and their history of literature.
	www.vedicbooks.net /introduction-to-prakrit-p-358.html?cPath=0_78 (383 words)

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