
	Where results make sense

Topic: Saussure

In the News (Thu 23 May 13)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Ferdinand de Saussure -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ferdinand de Saussure (November 26,1857 - February 22, 1913) was a (The natives or inhabitants of Switzerland) Swiss (A specialist in linguistics) linguist.
		Saussure made an important discovery in (The family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia) Indo-European (The humanistic study of language and literature) philology which is now known as the (additional info and facts about laryngeal theory) laryngeal theory.
		Saussure's statement that "the bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary" was one of the contributions that enabled Lacan to integrate the fields of (A set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; based on the theories of Sigmund Freud) psychoanalysis and structural linguistics.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fe/ferdinand_de_saussure.htm (607 words)

	Horace-Bénédict de Saussure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saussure's geological observations made him a firm believer in the Neptunian theory: he regarded all rocks and minerals as deposited from aqueous solution or suspension, and attached much importance to the study of meteorological conditions.
		He carried barometers and boiling-point thermometers to the summits of the highest mountains, and estimated the relative humidity of the atmosphere at different heights, its temperature, the strength of solar radiation, the composition of air and its transparency.
		De Saussure was honoured by being depicted on the 20 Swiss franc banknote of the sixth issue of Swiss National Bank notes (1979-1995 when replaced by the eighth issue, and the notes were recalled in 2000) (These notes will become valueless on 1 May 2020).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Horace-B%c3%a9n%c3%a9dict_de_Saussure (982 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		De Saussure emphasized a synchronic view of linguistics in contrast to the diachronic (historical study) view of the 19th century.
		De Saussure made an important discovery in Indo-European philology which is now known as the laryngeal theory.
		Saussure's theories were developed beyond structuralism by Jacques Derrida.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Ferdinand_de_Saussure (401 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure's Course in General Linguistics
		Saussure defines linguistics as the study of language, and as the study of the manifestations of human speech.
		Saussure’s investigation of structural linguistics gives us a clear and concise presentation of the view that language can be described in terms of structural units.
		Saussure views language as having an inner duality, which is manifested by the interaction of the synchronic and diachronic, the syntagmatic and associative, the signifier and signified.
	www.angelfire.com /md2/timewarp/saussure.html (928 words)

	SAUSSURE.LEC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Saussure says this is a pretty naive or elementary view of language, but a useful one, because it gets across the idea that the basic linguistic unit has two parts.
		Saussure discusses whether symbols, such as the use of scales for the idea of justice, are innate or arbitrary, and decides that these too are arbitrary, or based on community agreement.
		Saussure (and other structuralist and post-structuralist theorists) talk about the system of language as a whole as LANGUE (from the French word for language), and any individual unit within that system (such as a word) as a PAROLE.
	www.colorado.edu /English/ENGL2012Klages/saussure.html (3746 words)

	Saussure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Mountaineering in a contemporary sporting sense was born when a young Genevese scientist, Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, on a first visit to Chamonix in 1760, viewed Mont Blanc (at 15,771 feet [4,807 m] the tallest peak in Europe) and determined he would climb to the top of it or be responsible for its being climbed.
		Saussure offered prize money for the first ascent of Mont Blanc, but it was not until 1786, more than 25 years later, that his money was claimed by a Chamonix doctor, Michel-Gabriel Paccard, and his porter, Jacques Balmat.
		The Saussure hygrometer in the Gabinete de Física was constructed in Coimbra.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/saussure.html (1229 words)

	Semiotics for Beginners: Signs
		Saussure was focusing on the linguistic sign (such as a word) and he 'phonocentrically' privileged the spoken word, referring specifically to the image acoustique ('sound-image' or 'sound pattern'), seeing writing as a separate, secondary, dependent but comparable sign system (Saussure 1983, 15, 24-25, 117; Saussure 1974, 15, 16, 23-24, 119).
		Saussure observed that 'there is nothing at all to prevent the association of any idea whatsoever with any sequence of sounds whatsoever' (Saussure 1983, 76; Saussure 1974, 76); 'the process which selects one particular sound-sequence to correspond to one particular idea is completely arbitrary' (Saussure 1983, 111; Saussure 1974, 113).
		Saussure remarked that although the signifier 'may seem to be freely chosen', from the point of view of the linguistic community it is 'imposed rather than freely chosen' because 'a language is always an inheritance from the past' which its users have 'no choice but to accept' (Saussure 1983, 71-72; Saussure 1974, 71).
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/S4B/sem02.html (12808 words)

	Saussure, Ferdinand de
		The Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) is widely considered to be the founder of modern linguistics in its attempts to describe the structure of language rather than the history of particular languages and language forms.
		This assumption gave rise to what Roman Jakobson in 1929 came to designate as "structuralism," in which "any set of phenomena examined by contemporary science is treated not as a mechanical agglomeration but as a structural whole [in which] the mechanical conception of processes yields to the question of their function" ("Romantic" 711).
		The method of study was in many ways the opposite of the functional rationalism of his linguistic analyses: it attempted, as Saussure mentions in one of the 99 notebooks in which he pursued this study, to examine systematically the problem of "chance," which "becomes the inevitable foundation of everything" (cited in Starobinski 101).
	www.press.jhu.edu /books/hopkins_guide_to_literary_theory/ferdinand_de_saussure.html (2924 words)

	Semiotics for Beginners: Introduction
		Note that Saussure's term, 'semiology' is sometimes used to refer to the Saussurean tradition, whilst 'semiotics' sometimes refers to the Peircean tradition, but that nowadays the term 'semiotics' is more likely to be used as an umbrella term to embrace the whole field (Nöth 1990, 14).
		Whilst for the linguist Saussure, 'semiology' was 'a science which studies the role of signs as part of social life', for the philosopher Charles Peirce 'semiotic' was the 'formal doctrine of signs' which was closely related to Logic (Peirce 1931-58, 2.227).
		Saussure argued that 'nothing is more appropriate than the study of languages to bring out the nature of the semiological problem' (Saussure 1983, 16; Saussure 1974, 16).
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/S4B/sem01.html (4891 words)

	CSI: Thi6
		Saussure goes to some lengths to emphasise that his semiological study of the sounds of language must be freed from any naturalistic basis in the physiology of articulation.
		Saussure's account of the brain is informed by the developments in evolutionary theory and neuroanatomy and neurophysiology that took place in the second part of the nineteenth century.
		Saussure's morphogenetic perspective is not based on the input-output models of information-processing of the kind that have been dominant in cognitive science in the past several decades.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /epc/srb/cyber/thi6.html (17881 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ferdinand de Saussure (November 26, 1857 - February 22, 1913) was a Swiss linguist.
		Born in Geneva, he laid the foundation for many developments in linguistics in the 20th century.
		Their expansive interpretations of Saussure's theories, and their application of those theories to non-linguistic fields of study led to theoretical difficulties, eventually causing proclamations of the "death" of structuralism in those disciplines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure (391 words)

	Semiotics - Black Run (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Saussure's theory holds that linguistic signs are composed of the arbitrary combination of sound patterns and concepts.
		Saussure argued against the view which had dominated Western thought for centuries, which derived from the Bible sources and from Plato, that language is a nomenclature.
		As Saussure's main emphasis was on how individual concepts and objects gain their meaning through the position which they occupy within a network of signs, he advocated the synchronic approach.
	omni.bus.ed.ac.uk /opsman/quality/SEM_black_run_21.htm (1265 words)

	semiotics
		Saussure shifted the emphasis from the notion that there is some kind of 'real world' out there to which we all refer in words which mean the same to all of us.
		Saussure freely admits that when he is stressing the arbitrariness of the sign, he is stressing something which is actually fairly obvious.
		Saussure gives the example of calling a meeting to order by shouting 'Gentlemen!' several times: there may be significant variations between each of the pronunciations, at least as significant as the differences used to distinguish between two entirely different words and yet we perceive it as being the same word.
	www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk /MUHome/cshtml/semiomean/semio1.html#arbitrariness (7029 words)

	Saussure and the Swiss Structuralists
		Saussure refers to the "psychological impression of a sound" as the "signal" and to the "concept" as the "signification".
		Saussure suggests that to "think of a sign as nothing more [than the combination of a certain sound and a certain concept] would be to isolate it from the system to which it belongs.
		Nonetheless, Saussure's suggestion that "a language is a system of pure values, determined by nothing else apart from the temporary state of its constituent elements" (p80) provides for an interesting backdrop against which to view the facts of Natural Language.
	www.martnet.com /~lexicon/origins.html (2092 words)

	Ferdinand De Saussure
		Saussure rejects a theory of language as "a naming-process only--a list of words, each corresponding to the thing that it names." He does so because such a theory "assumes that ready-made ideas exist before words; it does not tell us whether a name is vocal or psychological in nature.
		Saussure defines the sound-image, not as the physical sound but as the psychological imprint of the sound upon our senses.
		Saussure also distinguishes between what he calls langue--the system of a language, the language as a system of forms--and parole--actual speech, the speech acts that are made possible by the language.
	www.brysons.net /academic/saussure.html (466 words)

	Saussure handout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Course in General Linguistics is a reconstruction of lectures Saussure gave at the University of Geneva between 1906 and 1911.
		Saussure’s emphasis on the "arbitrary nature of the sign" significantly influenced structuralism, a modern interpretative movement that views language as an autonomous system of signs (a structure), studied independently of what it or its parts might mean outside the system.
		Note, also, that Saussure never alludes to a "referent," a term sometimes used for the ultimate object or idea referred to or a point of reference beyond that of the "concept" or the "signified." Indeed, many theorists argue that no true referent exists beyond language.
	www.cc.utah.edu /~tsk2/Saussure.html (914 words)

	Le rapport « langue - pensée » chez Ferdinand de Saussure
		Saussure a voulu montrer que cette pensée était moins la faculté de produire du langage que le produit d'une organisation par la langue.
		Saussure s'interroge sur le rôle du son vis-à-vis du langage en essayant de décrire la place qu'il occupe dans la formation de ce dernier.
		Saussure nous a donc montré que " l'ensemble des différences phoniques et conceptuelles qui constitue la langue résulte de deux sortes de comparaisons ; les rapprochements sont tantôt associatifs, tantôt syntagmatiques " (p.176).
	tecfa.unige.ch /%7Etognotti/staf2x/saussure.html (6877 words)

	Horace de Saussure and his Hot Boxes of the 1700's
		De Saussure therefore placed the wooden box into the middle of an open-topped container and stuffed wool packing between the sides of the container and the walls of the box.
		Thus de Saussure’s hypothesis was confirmed: the sun shines with almost equal force at higher and lower elevations—as proved by the equal temperatures in the hot box on the mountain and on the plains.
		De Saussure’s hot box served as a model for nineteenth-century scientists demonstrating the relationship of the sun to the earth and its atmosphere.
	solarcooking.org /saussure.htm (1418 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ferdinand de Saussure (Language And Linguistics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		One of the founders of modern linguistics, he established the structural study of language, emphasizing the arbitrary relationship of the linguistic sign to that which it signifies.
		Saussure distinguished synchronic linguistics (studying language at a given moment) from diachronic linguistics (studying the changing state of a language over time); he further opposed what he named langue (the state of a language at a certain time) to parole (the speech of an individual).
		Saussure's most influential work is the Course in General Linguistics (1916), a compilation of notes on his lectures.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/SaussureF.html (228 words)

	Saussure.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ferdinand de Saussure was born in Geneva in 1857.
		Saussure often compared language to a game of chess, in that what has gone on before (the history, or diachronic study) is irrelevant to the current state of play (the current state, or synchronic study).
		Ergo, while it may be of interest to historical linguists (and philologists) that English "church" is related to Scottish "kirk", and that the 'k' became a 'ch' historically, current speakers of English have no knowledge of these historical facts simply by virtue of speaking English.
	www.ss.ucalgary.ca /JArchibald/Saussure.htm (399 words)

	Saussure's Sign
		In Saussure's theory of linguistics, the signifier is the sound and the signified is the thought.
		Saussure: "A sign is not a link between a thing and a name, but between a concept and a sound pattern" (Course, p.
		Saussure provides an explicit basis for the expansion of his science of signs beyond linguistics: "It is possible," he says, "to conceive of a science which studies the role of signs as part of social life.
	www.criticism.com /md/the_sign.html (1154 words)

	Norman N. Holland, The Trouble(s) with Lacan
		Saussure knew of their work, and there is at least one passage in students' notes on Saussure's lectures where he seems himself (under the influence of Whitney) to adopt the idea.
		Saussure deliberately dropped out the human element, In Saussure's model, a signifier's difference from other signifiers simply imprints a difference from other ideas in the hearer's mind, and this is where Saussure thinks he eludes psychology.
		Saussure was trying precisely not to say what goes on in your or my mind when we understand a word or make up a sentence, and, within the limits of his theory, he succeeded.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/nnh/lacan.htm (6601 words)

	Ferdinand de Saussure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		De Saussure was a noted linguist whose theories on the structure of language had a profound effect on modern linguistics and
		His father, Henri de Saussure, was a well known biologist and his grandfather, Horace-Benedict, was a geologist who advanced the science of tectonics, as well as being the first person to climb to the summit of Mont-Blanc (1787).
		De Saussure is known as the "Father of Modern Linguistics" Because of his work with Indo-European languages.
	home.earthlink.net /~potterama/Michele/projects/hyper/desaussure.html (204 words)

	Functionalists and Structuralists
		Again de Saussure shows through looking at linguistic variation and innovation that distinctions within the language have a knock on effect upon other terms, tenses, prefixes and so on, that means that any singular innovation necessarily impacts upon the whole code of language, or its structure (hence his linguistics are sometimes called structural).
		Here de Saussure was taking language out of the realm of logic, to look at language and its grammar as an object of study in its own right.
		De Saussure's attention to the social interaction in language was attractive to Bakhtin and his followers, but they felt that he gave too much credence to the formalised code - and hence the grammar of proper usage - and too little to the fluidity of the vernacular dialogue.
	www.heartfield.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /structure.htm (1108 words)

	English 571: Schwebel on Saussure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		He states that only communities can create linguistic systems, but his study of linguistic signs has the effect of turning language in on itself: signs gain their meaning with reference to other signs, and once societal meaning is determined, a system is fixed for study.
		Saussure conveniently (for our purposes) compares linguistic to monetary value, establishing a linguistic system analogous to economic ones.
		If linguistic signs are arbitrary, so, too, are these associative relations; Saussure would have their personal nature working against grammatical rules, for example: just because the nominative case comes first in all the textbooks doesn't mean that it does so in a person's mind.
	www.english.upenn.edu /~jenglish/Courses/schweb-2.html (450 words)

	Saussure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740-1799), Swiss physicist and Alpine traveller
		Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure (1767-1845), chemist, son of Horace-Bénédict
		This is a disambiguation page — a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saussure (124 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)