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	Savanna elephant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The savanna elephant is a large animal that normally reaches 6 to 7.3 m (20 to 24 ft) in length and 3 to 3.5 meters in height, although a 4-meter elephant, whose body is dissected in the Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., was discovered in Angola in 1955.
		The elephant hunting really increased in the 19th and 20th centuries, when the sport hunting (which is more and more demanded by european and american elites every year) added to the scenery and many savanna extensions were turned into plantations.
		In 1989 hunting of the african elephant and ivory trading were forbidden, after the elephant population passed from several millions at the beggining of the 20th century to less than 700,000 at the end of it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/African_elephant (1607 words)

	Elephant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The smallest of all the elephants is the Sumatran Asian elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus).
		Elephants have also been used as mounts for safari-type hunting, especially Indian shikar (mainly on tigers), and as ceremonial mounts for royal and religious occasions, whilst Asian elephants have been used for transport and entertainment, and are common to circuses around the world.
		Elephant Reintroduction Foundation,The foundation is dedicated to a management system for rehabilitation of captive elephants and habitat preparation to ensure successful long-term sustainability after their return to the wild.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elephant (6598 words)

	MSN Encarta - Elephant
		According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha chose the form of a white elephant as one of his many earthly incarnations, and the rare appearance of a white elephant is still heralded as a manifestation of the gods.
		Elephants occupy an array of environments in Africa and Southeast Asia—grasslands, marshes, forests, deserts, and mountains.
		Savanna elephants are light gray in color, although they can appear dark gray, red, or brown from the mud they bathe in.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575386/Elephant.html (1175 words)

	Indian Elephant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Elephants are herbivores and will spend up to 20 hours a day eating anywhere from 150 to 300kg of jungle fodder or 6 to 8% of their body weight in food each day.
		Elephants are very loyal to their mahouts and they are often associated with supernatural powers because they control such a big animal.
		Elephant possession and use as a royal mount was firmly established and along with this they became an asset of war.
	www.honoluluzoo.org /indian_elephant.htm (4327 words)

	African Forest Elephant - Loxodonta cyclotis
		The new species, the forest elephant, was considered to be a subspecies of the African elephant, and was known as Loxodonta africana cyclotis.
		That means scientists thought that, although the elephants had adapted to their forest habitat, they were still savanna elephants.
		Conservationists are afraid that declaring the forest elephant as a separate species could open a loophole under the current treaty and open up hunting of forest elephants for their ivory.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /african_forest_elephant.htm (615 words)

	Animal Info - African Elephant
		The savanna elephant differs from the forest elephant in having a larger body size than the forest elephant, sparser hair covering, triangular-shaped ears rather than smaller round ears, gray skin rather than brown as in the forest elephant, and horizontal, thick, curved tusks as opposed to the straight, slender downward-pointing tusks of the forest elephant.
		Savanna cows cease to ovulate during the dry season when food is not as abundant, nor of such high nutritional value, thus ensuring that the calf is born in the wet season.
		Home ranges of the forest elephant are usually considerably smaller than those of the savanna elephant, mainly because of the abundance of food and the ready availability of water in the forest habitat as compared to the savanna habitat.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/loxoafri.htm (8608 words)

	Elephant
		Their elephants must be culled to keep populations within ranges' carrying capacity, and sales of ivory and other elephant products help pay parks' operating costs.
		Elephant trails that once crisscrossed the continent were the roadways used by human travelers.
		Elephants climb up and (sometimes slide) down precipitous slopes, sit on their haunches before Iying down or getting up, can "sit up" like begging dogs, and stand semierect to reach food or mount a female.
	sailfish.exis.net /~spook/elepha.html (2421 words)

	elephant pepper - new ideas about wildlife management and animal conservation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The savanna or bush elephant is found throughout the grassy plains and bushland of the continent.
		Forest elephants are smaller and have straighter and thinner tusks, rounded ears, and a distinct skull shape.
		Raphael Ben-Shahar, an elephant expert at Oxford University, says, "Up until DNA fingerprinting tests, species were defined on the basis of morphological and anatomical differences." Using the old classification yardsticks, the forest elephant was merely a subspecies of the savanna elephant.
	www.elephantpepper.org /dnatests.html (767 words)

	WWF \| Elephants \| African Elephants
		An elephant's skin is sensitive, requiring frequent bathing, massaging and powdering with dust to remain parasite- and disease-free.
		Most of the forest elephants live in central and western Africa's rainforests while the savanna elephant is found throughout the grassy plains, woodlands, swamps and bushlands from sea level to high mountains.
		Male elephants aged 30 or older are able to successfully compete to mate with females and do so when they are in musth, which is a condition of heightened testosterone levels.
	www.worldwildlife.org /elephants/subspecies/subspecies_afe.cfm (821 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		African elephants (the savanna and the forest elephant) are different enough to be separate species.
		An elephant's childhood and adolescence is also similar to humans in that it is long.
		Patterns on the bottom of an elephant's foot are as individualistic as a human's fingerprints.
	expage.com /page/elephantlover (530 words)

	Elephants
		Elephants are in their own Order [Proboscidea] which has but a single living family [Elephantidae] but there are fossil elephant ancestors in various families going back 38 million years that include within the lineage the huge mammoths of the Pleistocene.
		The elephants in Africa also have larger tusks and tusks occur on adults of both sexes; the very small tucks of adult female Indian Elephants are not visible in the field.
		The Savanna Elephant ranges across the east and south African veldt; the recent population estimate is 350,000.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/elephants.html (724 words)

	The Elephant Sanctuary, Hohenwald, Tennessee
		The elephants of the African savanna eat mostly grasses, turning to leaves, twigs, bark, flowers and fruits when the grasses are not available.
		Researchers analyzing genes of African elephants found that the forest and grassland groups are different enough to be considered separate species, which means that three distinct species of elephants exist in the world.
		She said the two African elephant species are closely enough related that they could mate productively, and the study suggested there were hybrids of the two species in the distant past.
	www.elephants.com /species.htm (1181 words)

	Biology News - DNA Evidence Suggests 3 Types Of Elephants Roam Africa
		Because the fibrous vegetation eaten by the elephants continuously scrapes cells from their intestines into their dung, Eggert, Woodruff and Caylor A. Rasner, a research assistant in Woodruff's laboratory, were able to extract their DNA and genotype the dung samples.
		Forest elephants are significantly smaller than the savanna forms; have longer, thinner and straighter tusks, smaller and more rounded ears, a flatter forehead region and a larger number of toenail-like structures on their feet.
		West African elephants, which the UCSD study suggests are genetically and geographically isolated from elephants elsewhere on the continent, have been described as morphologically "indeterminate," or having both forest and savanna forms.
	www-biology.ucsd.edu /news/article_091202.html (1007 words)

	African Elephants - National Zoo\| FONZ
		Small numbers of forest elephants live in dense equatorial forests of Central Africa from Zaire west to Mauritania, while savanna elephants are far more widespread in drier woodlands and savannas.
		The largest known specimen of the African savanna elephant is on display at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
		Elephants' closest known relatives are dugongs and manatees, hyraxes, and aardvarks.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Animals/AfricanSavanna/fact-afelephant.cfm (913 words)

	Elephant FAQ - African Elephant Specialist Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Elephants use their tusks to pry bark off trees or dig for roots, and in social encounters as an instrument of display or as a weapon.
		Elephants are unusual among mammals in that they continue to grow throughout their life, although their rate of growth slows after they reach sexual maturity.
		Elephant vocalizations range from high-pitched squeaks to deep rumbles, two-thirds of which are emitted at a frequency too low for the human ear to detect.
	www.iucn.org /themes/ssc/sgs/afesg/faq/elefaq.html (2068 words)

	Cytonuclear genomic dissociation in African elephant species - Nature Genetics
		The phylogeographic pattern and degree of cytonuclear discordance for the markers examined in African elephant populations are illustrated in Figure 1.
		Hybrids would have a mix of forest and savanna alleles for nuclear genes; for example, first generation matings between forest and savanna elephants would produce offspring whose nuclear genotype is half forest (Fig.
		Eggert, L.S., Rasner, C.A. and Woodruff, D.S. The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers.
	www.nature.com /ng/journal/v37/n1/full/ng1485.html (3702 words)

	South African Bush Elephant - Loxodonta africana africana
		When the sixth set of teeth is gone, the elephant will starve and die, which is around the age of 50-60.
		The South African bush elephant is found in the forests of east, central and south Africa.
		The South African bush elephant is a subspecies of the African elephant along with the forest elephant, East African bush elephant, and West African bush elephant.
	www.angelfire.com /mo2/animals1/elephant/sabe.html (388 words)

	12/17/01 -- How Do You Miss a Whole Elephant Species?
		Because of the rough terrain they traverse, savanna elephants tend to lose a greater number of toenails as they mature, leaving them with the statistically averaged four front and three rear toenails.
		Other zoologists noticed more definitive characteristics, such as the shape of the mandible, which is short and wide in the savanna elephant while being long and narrow in the forest elephant, and the shape of the ears, which are rounded in the forest elephant and pointed in the savanna elephant.
		To place this in perspective, the African forest elephant and African savanna elephant are more distant from each other genetically than a tiger is from a lion or a horse is from a zebra.
	forests.org /archive/africa/howdoyou.htm (1275 words)

	Elephant
		A herd's welfare depends on the matriarch's leadership, as demonstrated by the fact that cow elephants like women but very few other animals live long after ceasing reproduction (at c.
		Elephants climb up and (sometimes slide) down precipitous slopes, sit on their haunches before lying down or getting up, can "sit up" like begging dogs, and stand semierect to reach food or mount a female.
		Tusk less elephants practically stand on their heads to eat mineral earth.
	www.nature-wildlife.com /eletxt.htm (2425 words)

	Natural History Museum: Exploring Mammals: Savanna Dweller: Elephant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The elephant's trunk is also used to suck up water and then squirt it into its mouth for drinking.
		Elephant tusks have many uses-- from digging up the ground in search of salt licks to confrontations over territories or mates.
		The large ears of an elephant are used to keep the animal cool in the hot African sun.
	www.nhm.org /mammals/page034ele.html (163 words)

	IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Loxodonta africana
		In Southern Africa, which now harbours the largest known populations on the continent, elephant numbers are believed to have been at their lowest around the turn of the 20th century, and to have been increasing steadily ever since.
		Although elephant populations may at present be stable or increasing in some sub-regions (Eastern and Southern Africa respectively), the trend is unknown in other regions, and overall there remains insufficient information to venture a current trend at the continental level.
		The African Elephant is very catholic in its range, and tends to move between a variety of habitats.
	www.redlist.org /search/details.php?species=12392 (2145 words)

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